Port Sulphur, Louisiana

Not to be confused with Sulphur, Louisiana.

Port Sulphur
Census-designated place
Aerial view of Port Sulphur, Louisiana on the Mississippi River
Port Sulphur Location of Port Sulphur in Louisiana
Coordinates: 29°29′40″N89°42′45″W / 29.49444°N 89.71250°W / 29.49444; -89.71250
Country	United States
State	Louisiana
Parish	Plaquemines
Area [1]
• Total	8.41 sq mi (21.78 km2)
• Land	5.41 sq mi (14.02 km2)
• Water	3.00 sq mi (7.77 km2)
Elevation	3 ft (0.9 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	1,677
• Density	309.87/sq mi (119.65/km2)
Time zone	UTC-6 (CST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-5 (CDT)
Zip code	70083
Area code	504
FIPS code	22-62070

Port Sulphur is a census-designated place (CDP) on the West Bank of the Mississippi River in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States; at the 2020 census, it had a population of 1,677. ^[2]

Etymology

The name for the CDP derives from the Freeport Sulphur Company in the early 1930s, when it set up logistics, refining, storage and shipping operations to support its Frasch Process sulphur mine at Lake Grande Ecaille, located 10 miles west of the town in the nearby marsh. ^[3] The Grande Ecaille mine was the largest sulphur deposit in the world when it began operation in 1933, and remained in production until 1978. Over time, as other discoveries were made, the Freeport Sulphur Company also used the Port Sulphur facility to support their other Frasch Process sulphur mines located at Garden Island Bay, Lake Pelto, and Caillou Island; a land-based mine at Chacahoula; the first offshore sulphur mines at Grand Isle and Caminada Pass; and a large operation 50 miles offshore from the Mississippi River Delta in 300 feet of water, at Main Pass Block 299 in the Gulf of Mexico. The facility was also used to process and ship recovered sulphur obtained by oil and gas refining. The terminal was able to filter and store liquid hot molten sulphur in large insulated heated tanks, and "vat" liquid sulphur into acres of long term dry storage by forming blocks of bright yellow sulphur by spraying molten sulphur into metal forms on the ground and allowing to cool. The site is valuable because of its proximity to sulphur producing areas near the Gulf of Mexico, its docking sites along the Mississippi River and back bay marsh.

History

1935

Port Sulphur was originally a typical company town, with its residents and civic life closely tied to the Freeport Sulphur Company. As the company divested itself of much of the town property and governance, it became more of a regular town with private individual land ownership. As the number of employees at the site dwindled, the Freeport Company became less important in everyday life and economic activity. At some point, most of the company-owned land not necessary for the sulphur operation was transferred to Plaquemines Parish or sold to private owners. The economic fortunes of the Freeport Sulphur Company declined during the 1980s and 1990s, resulting from the competitive forces of recovered Sulphur processed from sour oil & gas. In the early 2000s Freeport Sulphur shut down operations, as the price of sulphur dropped too low because large amounts of sulphur recovered during petroleum refining and from Canadian natural gas exploration were dumped on the international sulphur market. With inexpensive recovered sulphur in large supply, the large scale and expensive Frasch Process sulphur mining and storage operations proved to be uneconomical and were discontinued. The Freeport-McMoRan Port Sulphur facility was closed and sold. Hurricane Katrina destroyed much of what was left of the sulphur facility in August 2005, with a few buildings remaining. With the closing of Freeport-McMoRan Sulphur, the town has been seeking another economic identity.

The large brick Plaquemines Parish Government building located on Louisiana Highway 23 (LA 23) in town next to the former Freeport property was originally the Freeport Sulphur Company administration building. The Port Sulphur school and other buildings located around the Civic Drive area were originally located on company property and are oriented towards the former Freeport Property. Much of the original town buildings were sold or removed, and much of the original town site sits mostly vacant empty land, with a large stand of oak trees on the former Freeport Property next to the Plaquemines Government building. An historical marker about Port Sulphur is located in front of the Government Building. The golf course land located on LA 23, just south of the former Freeport property, was originally a neighborhood of the company townsite. The land was later donated to the Plaquemines Parish Government.

The town began to struggle economically after Freeport Sulphur Mine ended its business in the town. ^[4]

Residential section after Katrina

The town is 8 feet (2.4 m) above sea level and had not flooded during Hurricane Betsy nor Hurricane Camille.^{[ citation needed ]} Before Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita about 3,000 people lived in Port Sulphur. ^[5] Nevertheless, during Hurricane Katrina, the federal levees failed and around 22 feet (6.7 m)^{[ citation needed ]} of water engulfed the town. Almost all single-family homes in the town were destroyed, many of which were moved off their foundations by as much as 100 feet. In the months following Katrina, some residents moved back to Port Sulphur in trailers and modular homes provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. But many residents relocated to other parts of Louisiana, the Southeast, and Texas.^{[ citation needed ]}

By November 2006, in the post-Katrina period, the post office and several businesses had reopened, and Highway 23 had some street lights added. ^[6] By December 2007 there were about 1,500 residents of Port Sulphur and the majority of the small businesses resumed operations. Due to the usage of modular buildings and trailers in the period, Jeré Longman described it as "a feel of impermanence and uncertainty." ^[5]

Geography

Port Sulphur is located at 29°29′40″N89°42′45″W / 29.49444°N 89.71250°W / 29.49444; -89.71250 (29.494496, -89.712383). ^[7]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.5 square miles (22 km²), of which 5.5 square miles (14 km²) is land and 3.0 square miles (7.8 km²) (35.29%) is water.

Demographics

In 2020, the CDP had a population of 1,677. ^[2]

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
2000	3,115		—
2010	1,760		−43.5%
2020	1,677		−4.7%
U.S. Decennial Census [8]

Port Sulphur CDP, Louisiana – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the U.S. census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.

Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2000 [9]	Pop 2010 [10]	Pop 2020 [11]	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	1,404	419	356	45.07%	23.81%	21.23%
Black or African American alone (NH)	1,379	1,136	1,013	44.27%	64.55%	60.41%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)	219	90	74	7.03%	5.11%	4.41%
Asian alone (NH)	19	25	57	0.61%	1.42%	3.40%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	0	0	1	0.00%	0.00%	0.06%
Some Other Race alone (NH)	18	28	37	0.58%	1.59%	2.21%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH)	46	26	81	1.48%	1.48%	4.83%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	30	36	58	0.96%	2.05%	3.46%
Total	3,115	1,760	1,677	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

Government and infrastructure

The United States Postal Service operates a post office. ^[12]

Education

Plaquemines Parish School Board operates the public schools of the parish. ^[13] The district formerly had an office in Port Sulphur. ^[14]

It is served by South Plaquemines Elementary School in Port Sulphur; and South Plaquemines High School in Empire, near Buras. ^[15]

Prior to 2005 Port Sulphur High School (PK-12) served the community, ^[16] but Hurricane Katrina damaged the original building. ^[15]

The Plaquemines Parish Library maintains the Port Sulphur Branch. ^[17]

References

1. "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
2. "2020 Race and Population Totals". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
3. Haynes, Williams (1959). Brimstone, The Stone That Burns. Princeton: D. Van Norstrand Company, Inc. pp. 140–147.
4. Longman, Jeré (November 10, 2006). "Finding Their Way in the Dark". The New York Times . Retrieved December 3, 2016. - Print: page D3, New York edition, "Finding Their Way in the Dark."
5. Longman, Jeré (December 5, 2007). "A Razor-Sharp Focus Trumps Uncertainty". The New York Times . Retrieved December 3, 2016.
6. Longman, Jeré (November 21, 2006). "Season of Renewal Ends in Defeat and Doubt". The New York Times . Retrieved December 3, 2016.
7. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
8. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
9. "P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Port Sulphur CDP, Louisiana". United States Census Bureau .
10. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Port Sulphur CDP, Louisiana". United States Census Bureau .
11. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Port Sulphur CDP, Louisiana". United States Census Bureau .
12. "PORT SULPHUR — Post Office™". U.S. Census Bureau . Retrieved January 14, 2024.
13. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Plaquemines Parish, LA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau . Retrieved January 14, 2024. - Text list
14. "Home". Plaquemines Parish School Board. Archived from the original on February 8, 1999. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
15. "Plaquemines Parish Comprehensive Master Plan 8. Public Facilities and Services Archived 2017-03-05 at the Wayback Machine ." Plaquemines Parish. p. 9/34. Retrieved on December 3, 2016.
16. "Port Sulphur High School." Plaquemines Parish School Board. March 25, 2004. Retrieved on December 3, 2016.
17. "Library". Plaquemines Parish. Retrieved January 14, 2024. 138 Civic Drive Port Sulphur, LA 70083 - Click "Port Sulphur Library" tab.