1130 Skuld

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1130 Skuld
001130-asteroid shape model (1130) Skuld.png
Modelled shape of Skuld from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered by K. Reinmuth
Discovery site Heidelberg Obs.
Discovery date2 September 1929
Designations
(1130) Skuld
Named after
 Skuld (Norse mythology) [2]
1929 RC ·1928 FJ
1949 UD ·1962 LA
A906 VC
main-belt  · Flora [3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 110.38 yr (40,316 days)
Aphelion 2.6701 AU
Perihelion 1.7864 AU
2.2282 AU
Eccentricity 0.1983
3.33 yr (1,215 days)
173.35°
0° 17m 46.68s / day
Inclination 2.1677°
216.13°
113.81°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions9.63±0.44 km [4]
9.99 km (derived) [3]
10.125±0.092 km [5]
10.24±0.64 km [6]
11.009±0.091 km [7]
4.73±0.02 h [8]
4.807±0.002 h [9]
4.8079±0.0005 h [10]
4.810 h [lower-alpha 1]
0.1995±0.0461 [7]
0.24 (assumed) [3]
0.244±0.033 [6]
0.302±0.031 [4]
S [3]
12.0 [1] [4]  ·12.10 [6]  ·12.17 [3] [7]  ·12.17±0.02 [9]

    1130 Skuld, provisional designation 1929 RC, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was named after Skuld from Norse mythology. [2]

    Contents

    Discovery

    Skuld was discovered on 2 September 1929, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. [11] The body was independently discovered by astronomers and fellow countrymen Arnold Schwassmann and Arno Wachmann at the Hamburger Bergedorf Observatory ten nights later. [2]

    It was first identified as A906 VC at Heidelberg in 1906, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 23 years prior to its official discovery observation. [11]

    Orbit and classification

    Skuld is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest groups of stony S-type asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7  AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,215 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. [1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after Skuld, one of the three Norns in Norse mythology. The asteroids 167 Urda and 621 Werdandi are named after the other two Norns. [2] Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 ( H 110 ). [2]

    Physical characteristics

    Rotation period

    In January 2004, the first rotational lightcurves of Skuld were obtained by Henk de Groot and by a group of Polish and French astronomers. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 4.73 and 4.8079 hours with a brightness variation of 0.46 and 0.40 magnitude, respectively ( U=2+/3- ). [8] [10]

    In 2009 and 2011, astronomers Robert Buchheim and Larry Robinson obtained two well-defined lightcurves from photometric observations. They gave a refined period of 4.810 and 4.807 hours with an amplitude of 0.50 and 0.26 magnitude, respectively ( U=3/3 ). [9] [lower-alpha 1]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Skuld measures between 9.63 and 11.009 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1995 and 0.302. [4] [5] [6] [7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of this orbital family – and calculates a diameter of 9.99 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.17. [3]

    Notes

    1. 1 2 Robinson (2011) web: rotation period 4.810 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.5 mag. Summary figures for (1130) Skuld at 2=Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL)

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    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1130 Skuld (1929 RC)" (2017-03-29 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 26 July 2017.
    2. 1 2 3 4 5 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1130) Skuld". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 96. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1131. ISBN   978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "LCDB Data for (1130) Skuld". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 12 February 2017.
    4. 1 2 3 4 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv: 1209.5794 . Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 . Retrieved 12 February 2017.
    5. 1 2 Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv: 1406.6645 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 . Retrieved 12 February 2017.
    6. 1 2 3 4 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    7. 1 2 3 4 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv: 1109.6407 . Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    8. 1 2 Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1130) Skuld". Geneva Observatory . Retrieved 12 February 2017.
    9. 1 2 3 Buchheim, Robert K. (April 2010). "Lightcurve and Phase Curve of 1130 Skuld". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 37 (2): 41–42. Bibcode:2010MPBu...37...41B. ISSN   1052-8091 . Retrieved 12 February 2017.
    10. 1 2 Kryszczynska, A.; Colas, F.; Polinska, M.; Hirsch, R.; Ivanova, V.; Apostolovska, G.; et al. (October 2012). "Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family?. I. Photometric survey of the Flora region". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 546: 51. Bibcode:2012A&A...546A..72K. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201219199 . Retrieved 12 February 2017.
    11. 1 2 "1130 Skuld (1929 RC)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
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