1794 in poetry

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Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

Events

• June – English poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey first meet, in Oxford while Coleridge is en route for a tour of Wales. In August, they meet again in Bristol ^[1] (where they also meet local poet Robert Lovell and his sisters-in-law, who they will marry; he also introduces them to the publisher Joseph Cottle). Also beginning this month ^[1] (following Robespierre's execution in July) they collaborate on the "historic drama" The Fall of Robespierre , published in October and Southey's first published poetry; he also writes the radical play Wat Tyler this summer.
• July 25 – French poet André Chénier is executed at age 31 in Paris two days before the fall of Robespierre. A free spirit who spoke his mind, had pronounced sympathies with the aristocracy but adhered to no particular group, Chenier had attacked the Jacobins in the Journal de Paris , then became quiet and lived outside Paris during the Reign of Terror. He had been arrested and held in the Prison Saint-Lazare before his execution. ^[2]
• Robert Treat Paine founds the Federal Orrery, a semiweekly Federalist journal in Boston, Massachusetts. It features contributions from Joseph Dennie and Sarah Wentworth Morton, and includes poetry, satire and criticism. ^[3]

Works published

William Blake's frontispiece for Songs of Innocence and of Experience

Blake's title plate (No.29) for Songs of Experience

A William Blake original of The Tyger, printed c. 1795

United Kingdom

• William Blake:
  • Europe, A Prophecy , illuminated book with 17 relief-etched plates; 12 copies known ^[4]
  • The First Book of Urizen , illuminated book ^[4]
  • Songs of Innocence and of Experience: Shewing the two contrary states of the human soul; ^[4] Songs of Innocence first published separately 1789), it is thought that Songs of Experience was always published along with Songs of Innocence; the latter work consists of 28 poems, 14 of them paired with poems of the same title in Songs of Innocence; these poems are in Songs of Experience':
    • Introduction
    • "Earth's Answer"
    • "The Clod and the Pebble"
    • "The Sick Rose"
    • "The Fly"
    • "The Angel"
    • "My Pretty Rose Tree"
    • "Ah! Sun-Flower"
    • "The Lilly"
    • "The Garden of Love"
    • "The Little Vagabond"
    • "London"
    • "A Poison Tree"
    • "A Little Girl Lost"
    • "To Tirzah"
    • "The School Boy"
    • "The Voice of the Ancient Bard"
    • "Nurse's Song" (paired)
    • "Infant Joy" (paired)
    • "The Lamb" (paired)
    • "Holy Thursday" (paired)
    • "Holy Thursday" (paired)
    • "The Chimney Sweeper" (paired)
    • "The Little Boy Lost" (paired)
    • "The Little Boy Found" (paired)
    • "The Divine Image" (paired)
    • "The Little Girl Lost" (paired)
    • "The Little Girl Found" (paired)
    • "The Tyger" (paired)
    • "The Human Abstract" (paired)
    • "Infant Sorrow" (paired)
• Samuel Taylor Coleridge:
  • To a Young Ass , published in the Morning Chronicle , December 9
  • Sonnets on Eminent Characters , also known as Sonnets on Eminent Contemporaries, a series of 11 sonnets published in the Morning Chronicle from December 1 of this year to January 29, 1795; these eight were published this year:
    • To the Hon Mr Erskine (Thomas Erskine); published December 1
    • To Burke (Edmund Burke); December 9
    • To Priestley (Joseph Priestley; published December 11
    • To Fayette (Marquis de Lafayette); December 15
    • To Kosciusko (Tadeusz Kościuszko); December 16
    • To Pitt (William Pitt the Younger); December 23
    • To Bowles (William Lisle Bowles); December 26
    • To Mrs Siddons (Sarah Siddons); December 29
• Erasmus Darwin, The Golden Age ^[4]
• Thomas Gisborne, Walks in a Forrest ^[4]
• Richard Payne Knight, The Landscape ^[4]
• Joseph Ritson, Scottish Song, anthology ^[4]
• Robert Southey and Robert Lovell, Poems by Bion and Moschus
• Edward Williams, Poems, Lyric and Pastoral ^[5]

United States

• William Bradford, A Descriptive and Historical Account of new England in Verse, posthumous, written 1650 ^[6]
• Timothy Dwight, Greenfield Hill: A Poem in Seven Parts, an imitation of John Denham's Cooper's Hill; contrasts wholesome American village life to depraved Europe, and mentions historical events; written after Dwight became a minister in Greenfield, Connecticut; United States ^[3]
• Philip Freneau, The Village Merchant ^[6]
• Francis Hopkinson, Ode from Ossian's Poems ^[6]

Other

• Thomas Russell, "The Negro's Complaint", anti-slavery poem, published November 5; Ireland ^[7]

Births

Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:

• September 9 – John Hamilton Reynolds (died 1852), English poet, satirist, critic and playwright
• October 22 – Carlos Wilcox (died 1827), American poet
• November 3 – William Cullen Bryant (died 1878), American romantic poet, journalist and long-time editor of the New York Evening Post
• Approximate date – Maria Gowen Brooks (died c. 1845), American poet ^[8]

Deaths

Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:

• January 8 – Justus Möser (born 1720), German jurist and social theorist
• March 26 – Eleonore von Grothaus (born 1734), German poet
• April 5 – Susanna Blamire (born 1747), English poet and writer of Scottish (Lallans) songs
• June 8 – Gottfried August Bürger (born 1748), German poet
• July 25 – André Chénier (born 1762), French poet, executed
• November 22 – Alison Cockburn, née Rutherford (born 1713), Scottish writer and literary hostess

See also

• Poetry portal

• Poetry

Notes

1. O'Beirne, Amy (2015). "Bristol and Romanticism: Walking Guide" (PDF). Bristol Festival of Ideas. Retrieved 2015-11-10.
2. France, Peter (1995). The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French . New York: Oxford University Press. p.  160. ISBN   0-19-866125-8.
3. Burt, Daniel S., The Chronology of American Literature: : America's literary achievements from the colonial era to modern times, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2004, ISBN   978-0-618-16821-7, retrieved via Google Books
4. Cox, Michael, editor, The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature, Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN   0-19-860634-6
5. Jones, Mary (2004). "Edward Williams/Iolo Morganwg/Iolo Morgannwg". Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2024-08-08..
6. Ludwig, Richard M., and Clifford A. Nault, Jr., Annals of American Literature: 1602–1983, 1986, New York: Oxford University Press
7. Web page titled "1798 / Ireland / Chronology" at Irish Online website, retrieved June 30, 2009. Archived 2009-07-20.
8. Web page titled "American Poetry Full-Text Database / Bibliography" at University of Chicago Library website, retrieved March 4, 2009