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The Great Famine, also known as the Great Hunger, the Famine and the Irish Potato Famine, was a period of starvation and disease in Ireland lasting from 1845 to 1852 that constituted a historical social crisis and subsequently had a major impact on Irish society and history as a whole. The most severely affected areas were in the western and southern parts of Ireland—where the Irish language was dominant—and hence the period was contemporaneously known in Irish as an Drochshaol, which literally translates to "the bad life" and loosely translates to "the hard times". The worst year of the famine was 1847, which became known as "Black '47". During the Great Hunger, roughly 1 million people died and more than 1 million more fled the country, causing the country's population to fall by 20–25% between 1841 and 1871. Between 1845 and 1855, at least 2.1 million people left Ireland, primarily on packet ships but also on steamboats and barques—one of the greatest exoduses from a single island in history.
The 1840s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1840, and ended on December 31, 1849.
1845 (MDCCCXLV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1845th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 845th year of the 2nd millennium, the 45th year of the 19th century, and the 6th year of the 1840s decade. As of the start of 1845, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
John Russell, 1st Earl Russell,, known by his courtesy title Lord John Russell before 1861, was a British Whig and Liberal statesman who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1846 to 1852 and again from 1865 to 1866.
Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax, known as Sir Charles Wood, 3rd Baronet, between 1846 and 1866, was a British Whig politician and Member of the British Parliament. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1846 to 1852.
The year 1845 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Events from the year 1828 in the United Kingdom.
Events from the year 1834 in the United Kingdom. Uniquely, four Prime Ministers serve during the year.
Events from the year 1838 in the United Kingdom.
Events from the year 1846 in Ireland.
Events from the year 1824 in the United Kingdom.
Events from the year 1846 in the United Kingdom. This year is noted for the repeal of the Corn Laws.
Events from the year 1848 in the United Kingdom.
Events from the year 1843 in the United Kingdom.
Events from the year 1799 in Great Britain.
Events from the year 1852 in the United Kingdom.
Events from the year 1845 in Ireland.
Events from the year 1849 in the United Kingdom.
Events from the year 1631 in England.
The chronology of the Great Famine documents a period of Irish history between 29 November 1845 and 1852 during which time the population of Ireland was reduced by 20 to 25 percent. The proximate cause was famine resulting from a potato disease commonly known as late blight. Although blight ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s, the impact and human cost in Ireland – where a third of the population was entirely dependent on the potato for food but which also produced an abundance of other food – was exacerbated by a host of political, social and economic factors which remain the subject of historical debate.
References
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- ↑ Sayce, R. B. (1992). The History of the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester. Stroud: Sutton. p. ix. ISBN 0-7509-0178-0.
- 1 2 3 Woodham-Smith, Cecil (1962). The Great Hunger: Ireland 1845-9 . New York, Harper & Row. pp. 50–7.
- ↑ Ó Gráda, Cormac (2006). Ireland's Great Famine: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. University College Dublin Press. pp. 7–15. ISBN 1-904558-57-7.
- 1 2 Kinealy, Christine (1994). This Great Calamity: The Irish Famine 1845-52 . Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. pp. 37–46. ISBN 0-7171-1832-0.
- ↑ Donnelly, James S. Jr. (2005). The Great Irish Potato Famine. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. p. 49. ISBN 0-7509-2928-6.
- ↑ Cates, William L. R. (1863). The Pocket Date Book. Chapman and Hall.
- ↑ Dohner, Janet Vorwald (2001). The Encyclopedia of Historic and Endangered Livestock and Poultry Breeds. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 411. ISBN 9780300138139 . Retrieved 30 May 2018.
- ↑ Haralambous, Yannis; Horne, P. Scott (2007). Fonts & Encodings . O'Reilly. p. 397. ISBN 978-0-596-10242-5.