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1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1831st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 831st year of the 2nd millennium, the 31st year of the 19th century, and the 2nd year of the 1830s decade. As of the start of 1831, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, in some sources called Henry William Lamb, was a Whig politician who served as the Home Secretary and twice as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
John Nelson Darby was an Anglo-Irish Bible teacher, one of the influential figures among the original Plymouth Brethren and the founder of the Exclusive Brethren. He is considered to be the father of modern Dispensationalism and Futurism. Pre-tribulation rapture theology was popularized extensively in the 1830s by John Nelson Darby and the Plymouth Brethren, and further popularized in the United States in the early 20th century by the wide circulation of the Scofield Reference Bible.
The Plymouth Brethren or Assemblies of Brethren are a low church and Nonconformist Christian movement whose history can be traced back to Dublin, Ireland, in the mid to late 1820s, where it originated from Anglicanism. The group emphasizes sola scriptura, the belief that the Bible is the only authority for church doctrine and practice. Plymouth Brethren generally see themselves as a network of like-minded free churches, not as a Christian denomination.
The year 1831 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
The Exclusive Brethren are a subset of the Christian evangelical movement generally described as the Plymouth Brethren. They are distinguished from the Open Brethren from whom they separated in 1848.
Francis William Newman was an English classical scholar and moral philosopher, prolific miscellaneous writer and activist for vegetarianism and other causes.
Bristol is a city with a population of nearly half a million people in south west England, situated between Somerset and Gloucestershire on the tidal River Avon. It has been among the country's largest and most economically and culturally important cities for eight centuries. The Bristol area has been settled since the Stone Age and there is evidence of Roman occupation. A mint was established in the Saxon burgh of Brycgstow by the 10th century and the town rose to prominence in the Norman era, gaining a charter and county status in 1373. The change in the form of the name 'Bristol' is due to the local pronunciation of 'ow' as 'ol'.
Events from the year 1837 in the United Kingdom. This marks the beginning of the Victorian era.
Anthony Norris Groves was an English Protestant missionary, who has been called the "father of faith missions". He launched the first Protestant mission to Arabic-speaking Muslims, and settled in Baghdad, and later in southern India. His ideas influenced a circle of friends who became leaders in the Plymouth Brethren. Among these were George Müller, who had married Groves's sister Mary, as well as John Nelson Darby and John Vesey Parnell, 2nd Baron Congleton.
Events from the year 1848 in the United Kingdom.
Events from the year 1764 in Great Britain.
Events from the year 1762 in Great Britain.
John Vesey Parnell, 2nd Baron Congleton was an aristocrat and Christian missionary.
Events from the year 1793 in Great Britain.
Benjamin Wills Newton was an English evangelist, author of Christian books, and leader of a Plymouth church. His congregation and others around Plymouth became known as the Plymouth Brethren. Newton was a friend of John Nelson Darby, a well-known leader of the Plymouth Brethren, but the two men began to clash on matters of church doctrine and practice. This led to a 1848 split of the movement into the Open Brethren and Exclusive Brethren.
George Vicesimus Wigram was an English biblical scholar and theologian.
Robert Cleaver Chapman, known as the "apostle of Love", was a pastor, teacher and evangelist.
The 1831 reform riots occurred after the Second Reform Bill was defeated in Parliament in October 1831. There were civil disturbances in London, Leicester, Yeovil, Sherborne, Exeter, Bath and Worcester and riots at Nottingham, Derby and Bristol. Targets included Nottingham Castle, home of the anti-reform Duke of Newcastle, other private houses and jails. In Bristol, three days of rioting followed the arrival in the city of the anti-reform judge Charles Wetherell; a significant portion of the city centre was burnt, £300,000 of damage inflicted and up to 250 casualties occurred.
Charles Pinney was a British merchant and local politician in Bristol, England. He was a partner in a family business that ran sugar plantations in the West Indies and owned a number of slaves. Pinney was selected as mayor of Bristol in 1831 and within weeks had to manage the response to major riots. Public order was lost for a number of days and significant damage caused to the city centre. Pinney was charged with neglect of duty over his actions but was acquitted at trial. He returned to local government as an alderman, holding the position until 1853.
References
- ↑ "A brief history of the RAS". Royal Astronomical Society. Archived from the original on 30 January 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
- ↑ Bishop, R. E. D. (1979). Vibration (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-22779-8.
- 1 2 Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ↑ Anstis, Ralph (1986). Warren James and the Dean Forest Riots. Coalway: Albion House. ISBN 978-0-9511371-0-9.
- 1 2 3 4 Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ↑ "Icons, a portrait of England 1820–1840". Archived from the original on 22 September 2007. Retrieved 12 September 2007.
- ↑ Beckett, John (20 July 2008). "Riot and rebellion". The Nottinghamshire Heritage Gateway. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
- ↑ The History Today Companion to British History . London: Collins & Brown. 1995. p. 762. ISBN 1-85585-178-4.
- ↑ "Revolting riots in Queen Square". Made in Bristol. BBC. 2004. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
- ↑ Burnham, Jonathan D. (2004). "The Emergence of the Plymouth Brethren". A Story of Conflict: the Controversial Relationship Between Benjamin Wills Newton and John Nelson Darby. Carlisle: Paternoster Press. ISBN 978-1-84227-191-9. OCLC 56336926.
- ↑ Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (2000). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280057-2. OCLC 46858944.
- ↑ Leavis, Q. D. (1965). Fiction and the Reading Public (2nd ed.). London: Chatto & Windus.