1831 in Scotland

Centuries:	17th ; 18th ; 19th ; 20th ; 21st ;
Decades:	1810s ; 1820s ; 1830s ; 1840s ; 1850s ;
See also:	List of years in Scotland ; Timeline of Scottish history ; 1831 in: The UK • Wales • Elsewhere

Last updated October 14, 2023

Incumbents

Law officers

Judiciary

Events

Spring – the 12th-century Lewis chessmen are found in a sand-bank on the Isle of Lewis.
19–21 March – one of Goldsworthy Gurney’s steam road coaches runs from Edinburgh to Glasgow.^[1]
May – Wellington Suspension Bridge over River Dee at Aberdeen opened to all traffic.
10 May – first steam locomotive to be built in Glasgow completed by Murdoch, Aitken & Co. for the Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway.^[2]
Mid-May – mineral traffic over Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway commences.^[3]
1 June
- A regular horse-drawn passenger service between Leaend at Airdrie and Glasgow over the Ballochney, Monkland and Kirkintilloch and Garnkirk and Glasgow Railways commences.^[3]
- One of Goldsworthy Gurney’s steam road coaches suffers a boiler explosion in Glasgow.^[4]
6 June – first iron steamboat to be launched on the River Clyde, Fairy Queen by John Neilson & Sons.^[5]
4 July – opening of first section of Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway, from St Leonards to Craighall,^[6] including St Leonards Tunnel, Scotland's earliest tunnel on a public railway, and the early cast iron bridge at Braid Burn (erected in March).
August – the Dugald Stewart Monument in Edinburgh, designed by W. H. Playfair, is completed.
1 August – the Roman Catholic St Thomas's Church, Keith, is opened for worship.
27 September – formal opening of Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway: locomotive St Rollox hauls Scotland’s first steam-worked passenger train from the Townhead terminus at Glasgow to Gartsherrie.^[3]
16 December – opening of first section of Dundee and Newtyle Railway, the first public railway in the north of Scotland (horse worked).^[7]
23 December – the second cholera pandemic (1829–51) reaches Scotland.^[8]
The Ardrossan and Johnstone Railway opens as a waggonway from Johnstone to Kilwinning.^[9]
Dunnet Head lighthouse, designed by Robert Stevenson, is built.
North Church in Aberdeen, designed by John Smith, is opened.
The Burns Monument, Edinburgh (on Calton Hill), is designed by Thomas Hamilton.
William Wallace invents the eidograph.^[10]
Glenugie distillery is established as Invernettie at Peterhead by Donald McLeod;^[11] Talisker distillery is built at Carbost, Talisker, Skye, by Hugh and Kenneth MacAskill.

Births

31 January – Alexander Balmain Bruce, theologian (died 1899)
February – George Stewart, recipient of the Victoria Cross (died 1868 in England)
31 March – Archibald Scott Couper, organic chemist (died 1892)
2 April – David MacGibbon, architect (died 1902)
26 April – James Donaldson, classical scholar, educationalist and theological writer (died 1915)
28 April – Peter Tait, mathematical physicist (died 1901)
7 May – Richard Norman Shaw, architect (died 1912 in England)
28 May – Richard B. Angus, financier (died 1922 in Canada)
13 June – James Clerk Maxwell, physicist (died 1879 in England)
24 June – Robert Wallace, writer and politician (died 1899 in England)
3 July – Edmund Yates, writer (died 1894 in England)
18 July – John Skelton, lawyer, author and administrator (died 1897)
17 August – John McLaren, politician and judge (died 1910)
13 September – Andrew Noble, physicist (died 1915)
12 October – Helen Acquroff, pianist, singer, poet and music teacher (died 1887)^[12]
17 October – Isa Craig, née Knox, poet (died 1903 in England)
23 November – David MacKay, recipient of the Victoria Cross (died 1880)
25 December – John Bartholomew, cartographer (died 1893)

Deaths

14 January – Henry Mackenzie, novelist (born 1745)
4 February – William Ritchie, newspaper editor (born 1781)
14 February – Robert Brown, agriculturalist (born 1757)
22 March – William Symington, engineer and steamboat builder (born 1764; died in London)
May – James Campbell, army officer (born 1745)
1 July – Archibald Cochrane, 9th Earl of Dundonald, industrial chemist (born 1748; died in Paris)
16 August – Sir Hugh Innes, politician (born c. 1764)
17 August – Patrick Nasmyth, landscape painter (born 1787)
Joseph Lowe, economist

The arts

James Hogg publishes Songs, by the Ettrick Shepherd.^[13]
The Literary and Commercial Society of Glasgow is last known to be active.

Related Research Articles

The Forth and Clyde Canal is a canal opened in 1790, crossing central Scotland; it provided a route for the seagoing vessels of the day between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde at the narrowest part of the Scottish Lowlands. This allowed navigation from Edinburgh on the east coast to the port of Glasgow on the west coast. The canal is 35 miles (56 km) long and it runs from the River Carron at Grangemouth to the River Clyde at Bowling, and had an important basin at Port Dundas in Glasgow.

The Caledonian Railway (CR) was a major Scottish railway company. It was formed in the early 19th century with the objective of forming a link between English railways and Glasgow. It progressively extended its network and reached Edinburgh and Aberdeen, with a dense network of branch lines in the area surrounding Glasgow. It was absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. Many of its principal routes are still used, and the original main line between Carlisle and Glasgow is in use as part of the West Coast Main Line railway.

The Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway was authorised by Act of Parliament on 4 July 1838. It was opened to passenger traffic on 21 February 1842, between its Glasgow Queen Street railway station and Haymarket railway station in Edinburgh. Construction cost £1,200,000 for 46 miles (74 km). The intermediate stations were at Corstorphine, Gogar, Ratho, Winchburgh, Linlithgow, Polmont, Falkirk, Castlecary, Croy, Kirkintilloch and Bishopbriggs. There was a ticket platform at Cowlairs. The line was extended eastwards from Haymarket to North Bridge in 1846, and a joint station for connection with the North British Railway was opened on what is now Edinburgh Waverley railway station in 1847.

The Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway was an early railway built primarily to carry coal to Glasgow and other markets from the Monkland coalfields, shortening the journey and bypassing the monopolistic charges of the Monkland Canal; passenger traffic also developed early in the line's existence.

The Ballochney Railway was an early railway built near Airdrie, Lanarkshire, now in Monklands, Scotland. It was intended primarily to carry minerals from coal and ironstone pits, and stone quarries, in the area immediately north and east of Airdrie, to market, predominantly over the adjoining Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway. Passengers were carried later.

The Slamannan Railway was an early mineral railway between the north-eastern margin of Airdrie and Causewayend on the Union Canal, near Linlithgow, Scotland.

The Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway was an early mineral railway running from a colliery at Monklands to the Forth and Clyde Canal at Kirkintilloch, Scotland. It was the first railway to use a rail ferry, the first public railway in Scotland, and the first in Scotland to use locomotive power successfully, and it had a great influence on the successful development of the Lanarkshire iron industry. It opened in 1826.

The Wishaw and Coltness Railway was an early Scottish mineral railway. It ran for approximately 11 miles from Chapel Colliery, at Newmains in North Lanarkshire connecting to the Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway near Whifflet, giving a means of transport for minerals around Newmains to market in Glasgow and Edinburgh.

The Monkland Railways was a railway company formed in 1848 by the merger of three "coal railways" that had been built to serve coal and iron pits around Airdrie in Central Scotland, and connect them to canals for onward transport of the minerals. The newly formed company had a network stretching from Kirkintilloch to Causewayend, near Linlithgow. These coal railways had had mixed fortunes; the discovery of blackband ironstone and the development of the iron smelting industry around Coatbridge had led to phenomenal success, but hoped-for mineral discoveries in the moorland around Slamannan had been disappointing. The pioneering nature of the railways left them with a legacy of obsolete track and locomotives, and new, more modern, railways were being built around them.

Muirhead is a small town approximately 7 miles (11 km) north-east of Glasgow city centre. Nearby villages and towns include Chryston, Garnkirk, Gartcosh, Moodiesburn, Lenzie and Stepps. Muirhead has a population of around 1,390. It is a commuter town to Glasgow with road links with the A80/M80 and frequent bus services the 37c x35, x37, and x3. Muirhead is located approximately two miles from Gartcosh, Lenzie and Stepps railway stations.

The Rutherglen and Coatbridge Railway was a railway line in Scotland built by the Caledonian Railway to shorten the route from the Coatbridge area to Glasgow. It opened in 1865. It was later extended to Airdrie in 1886, competing with the rival North British Railway. Soon after a further extension was built from Airdrie to Calderbank and Newhouse.

The Coatbridge Branch of the North British Railway was a railway built to connect the important coal and iron industrial districts of Coatbridge and Airdrie directly to Glasgow for the North British Railway.

Garnkirk is a settlement in North Lanarkshire, located a mile (1.5 km) southwest of Muirhead. It is located 10 km northeast of Glasgow's city centre and 23 km southwest of Falkirk. Garnkirk is connected via the nearby motorways M8, M73 and M80. This provides access to Cumbernauld, Glasgow and Stirling. The nearest modern railway stations are in Gartcosh and Stepps.

The Glasgow, Bothwell, Hamilton and Coatbridge Railway was a railway company in Scotland, built to serve coal and ironstone pits in the Hamilton and Bothwell areas, and convey the mineral to Glasgow and to ironworks in the Coatbridge area. It was allied to the North British Railway, and it opened in 1877. Passenger services followed.

Events from the year 1817 in Scotland.

Events from the year 1828 in Scotland.

Events from the year 1826 in Scotland.

Events from the year 1824 in Scotland.

This article describes the Caledonian Railway from its conception down to the year 1850.

References

↑ The Glasgow Herald 25 March 1831.
↑ The Glasgow Courier 12 May 1831.
1 2 3 Martin, Don (1981). The Garnkirk & Glasgow Railway. Auld Kirk Museum Publications, no. 6. Strathkelvin District Libraries & Museums. pp. 14–19. ISBN 0-904966-06-2.
↑ The Glasgow Courier 4 June 1831.
↑ The Glasgow Herald 10 June 1831.
↑ Thomas, John (1971). A regional history of the railways of Great Britain, volume VI: Scotland – the Lowlands and the Borders. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. p. 234. ISBN 0-7153-5408-6.
↑ Awdry, Christopher (1990). Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies. Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-8526-0049-7. OCLC 19514063. CN 8983.
↑ "Chronology of Scottish History". A Timeline of Scottish History. Rampant Scotland. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
↑ Lewin, Henry Grote (1925). Early British Railways: A short history of their origin and development 1801–1844. London: The Locomotive Publishing Co. pp. 17–18. OCLC 11064369.
↑ Waterston, Charles D.; Shearer, A. Macmillan (July 2006). Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002: Biographical Index (PDF). Vol. 2. Royal Society of Edinburgh. p. 964. ISBN 978-0-902198-84-5 . Retrieved 23 January 2012.
↑ Halley, Ned (2005). The Wordsworth Dictionary of Drink. Ware: Wordsworth Editions. p. 257. ISBN 978-1-84022-302-6 . Retrieved 13 September 2008.
↑ Ewan, Elizabeth; Pipes, Rose; Rendall, Jane; Reynolds, Siân (eds.). The new biographical dictionary of Scottish women. Edinburgh University Press. p. 4. ISBN 9781474436281.
↑ Cox, Michael, ed. (2004). The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature . Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860634-6.

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[1] The Glasgow Herald 25 March 1831.

[2] The Glasgow Courier 12 May 1831.

[Martin-3] 1 2 3 Martin, Don (1981). The Garnkirk & Glasgow Railway. Auld Kirk Museum Publications, no. 6. Strathkelvin District Libraries & Museums. pp. 14–19. ISBN 0-904966-06-2.

[4] The Glasgow Courier 4 June 1831.

[5] The Glasgow Herald 10 June 1831.

[6] Thomas, John (1971). A regional history of the railways of Great Britain, volume VI: Scotland – the Lowlands and the Borders. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. p. 234. ISBN 0-7153-5408-6.

[7] Awdry, Christopher (1990). Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies. Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-8526-0049-7. OCLC 19514063. CN 8983.

[8] "Chronology of Scottish History". A Timeline of Scottish History. Rampant Scotland. Retrieved 30 July 2014.

[9] Lewin, Henry Grote (1925). Early British Railways: A short history of their origin and development 1801–1844. London: The Locomotive Publishing Co. pp. 17–18. OCLC 11064369.

[10] Waterston, Charles D.; Shearer, A. Macmillan (July 2006). Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002: Biographical Index (PDF). Vol. 2. Royal Society of Edinburgh. p. 964. ISBN 978-0-902198-84-5 . Retrieved 23 January 2012.

[11] Halley, Ned (2005). The Wordsworth Dictionary of Drink. Ware: Wordsworth Editions. p. 257. ISBN 978-1-84022-302-6 . Retrieved 13 September 2008.

[12] Ewan, Elizabeth; Pipes, Rose; Rendall, Jane; Reynolds, Siân (eds.). The new biographical dictionary of Scottish women. Edinburgh University Press. p. 4. ISBN 9781474436281.

[13] Cox, Michael, ed. (2004). The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature . Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860634-6.

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v t e Years in Scotland (843–present)
11th century	1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100
12th century	1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200
13th century	1200s 1210s 1220s 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s 1290s
14th century	1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400
15th century	1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500
16th century	1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600
17th century	1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700
18th century	1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800
19th century	1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900
20th century	1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
21st century	2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023