Events
- 28 January – Nineteen-year old Derek Bentley is hanged at Wandsworth Prison in London for his part in the murder of PC Sidney Miles. [1]
- 31 January – Car ferry MV Princess Victoria, sailing from Stranraer, Scotland, to Larne, Northern Ireland, sinks in the Irish Sea killing 133 people on board. Among the dead are: Northern Ireland Finance Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Major Maynard Sinclair, and Sir Walter Smiles, the Ulster Unionist MP for North Down. [2]
- 31 January–1 February – The North Sea flood of 1953 kills 307 people on the east coast of Britain, with more at sea. [3] A corvette and a submarine sink at their moorings in HM Dockyard Sheerness.
- 1 February – Pool petrol, introduced during World War II, is replaced by individual brands.
- 3 February – Contralto Kathleen Ferrier premieres a critically acclaimed production of Gluck's Orfeo at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, but a repeat 3 days later will be her last public performance as terminal cancer (not made public) cuts her career short at age 40. [4]
- 5 February – Rationing of sweets, introduced during World War II, ends. [5]
- 28 February – James D. Watson and Francis Crick announce that they have discovered the structure of the DNA molecule.
- 4 March – Tommy Taylor, 21-year-old centre forward, becomes Britain's most expensive footballer in a £29,999 transfer from Barnsley to Manchester United. [6]
- 16 March – Josip Tito, the leader of Yugoslavia visits the UK, the first Communist leader to do so. [7]
- 24 March
- Queen Mary, consort of the late King George V, dies in her sleep at Marlborough House in London. [8]
- The 10 Rillington Place murders are uncovered in London. [9]
- 31 March – The funeral of Queen Mary takes place at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. [10]
- 1 April – First record by any UK act to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart, The Stargazers' recording of "Broken Wings". [11]
- 13 April – Ian Fleming publishes his first James Bond novel, Casino Royale . [12]
- 15 April – Britain awards the George Medal to 22-year-old American airman Reis Leming who rescued 27 people in last winter's floods in East Anglia. [13]
- 16 April – The Queen launches the Royal Yacht Britannia at John Brown & Company shipbuilders on the Clyde. [14]
- 24 April – Prime Minister Winston Churchill receives a knighthood from the Queen. [9]
- 25 April – Francis Crick and James D. Watson publish their description of the double helix structure of DNA in the paper "Molecular structure of Nucleic Acids". [15]
- 2 May – Blackpool F.C. win the FA Cup final with a 4–3 victory over Bolton Wanderers, who have been 3–1 ahead until the final quarter of the game. Stan Mortensen scores a hat-trick, but the 38-year-old winger Stanley Matthews is instrumental in winning the game for Blackpool, who have never won a major trophy before. [16]
- 25 May – Whitsun bank holiday; many businesses postpone the holiday for a week. [17]
- 2 June
- The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II takes place at Westminster Abbey, [18] celebrated as a public holiday.
- The Times exclusively carries James Morris's scoop of the conquest of Mount Everest by a British expedition on 29 May. [19]
- 6 June
- The Prevention of Crime Act comes into effect, making the carrying of an offensive weapon in a public place a criminal offence.
- The Epsom Derby is won by Pinza, the only Derby victory for Gordon Richards at his 28th attempt, days after becoming the only jockey to be made a knight. The Queen's horse, Aureole, finishes second. [20]
- 23 June – Prime Minister Winston Churchill, 78, suffers a stroke at a dinner for the Italian Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi. [21] On 27 June the public are told that he is suffering from fatigue. [22]
- 25 June – John Christie, a 54-year-old Londoner, is sentenced to death for the murder of his wife Ethel Christie. A total of eight bodies have been found at Christie's home, 10 Rillington Place in Notting Hill, including those of the wife and daughter of Timothy Evans who had been hanged in 1950 for his daughter's murder. [23]
- 26 June – Eskdalemuir enters the UK Weather Records for the highest rainfall in a 30-minute period with 80mm, a record that will remain for at least sixty years.
- 30 June – First roll-on/roll-off ferry crossing of the English Channel, Dover–Boulogne. [24]
- 15 July – John Christie is hanged at Pentonville Prison, where a crowd of some two hundred people stand to wait for the notice of execution to be posted. [23]
- 18 July – The Quatermass Experiment , first of the Quatermass science-fiction serials by Nigel Kneale, begins its run on BBC Television.
- 20 July – The Good Old Days , filmed at the Leeds City Varieties, begins its 30-year run on BBC Television.
- 19 August
- The England cricket team under Len Hutton defeat Australia to win The Ashes for the first time in nineteen years. [9]
- Iranian coup d'état ("Operation Boot"): Overthrow of the democratically elected Prime Minister of Iran by Iranian military in favour of strengthening the rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi with the support of the United States and UK.
- Autumn – Myxomatosis reaches the UK, [22] first being illegally introduced onto an estate in West Sussex.
- 19 September – Sir Hubert Parry's 1916 setting of William Blake's "Jerusalem" first appears as a permanent feature of the Last Night of the Proms (televised). [25]
- 26 September – End of post-war sugar rationing. [26]
- 6 October – The government sends troops to the colony of British Guiana, blaming Communists for causing unrest. [27]
- 10 October – RAF officers Monty Burton with Don Gannon win the speed section of the 1953 London to Christchurch air race in an English Electric Canberra, with under 23 hours flying time. [28]
- 27 October – Arbroath life-boat Robert Lindsay capsizes on service: six crew killed.
- November – The first production Blue Danube atomic bomb, the first British-developed and -built nuclear weapon, is delivered to the Bomber Command stockpile at RAF Wittering, concluding the High Explosive Research project to develop it.
- 2 November – The Samaritans telephone counselling service for the suicidal is started by Rev. Chad Varah in London.
- 11 November – Current affairs series Panorama first airs on BBC Television, it will still be running more than seventy years later. [9]
- 17 November – Italian cargo steamer Vittoria Claudia sinks after collision with French motor vessel Perou in the English Channel, killing twenty Italian sailors. [29]
- 20 November – The Piltdown Man, which was discovered in 1912 and thought to be the fossilised remains of a hitherto unknown form of early human, is exposed as a hoax. [9]
- 25 November – Match of the Century: England v Hungary football match at Wembley Stadium results in a 6–3 defeat suffered by the England national football team against Hungary, ending a 90-year unbeaten home run against sides from outside the British Isles. [30]
- 26 November – The House of Lords votes in favour of the government's proposals for commercial television. [31]
- 30 November – Kabaka crisis: Edward Mutesa II, the kabaka (king) of Buganda, is deposed and exiled to London by Sir Andrew Benjamin Cohen, Governor of Uganda.
- c. December – Matchbox toy vehicles are introduced by Lesney Products of London.
- 10 December
- Winston Churchill wins the Nobel Prize in Literature "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values". [32]
- Hans Adolf Krebs wins the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of the citric acid cycle". [33]
- Pilkington Brothers take out their first patent for the float glass process developed by Alastair Pilkington.
Undated
- Michael Ventris deciphers the Minoan script Linear B. [34]
- First Italian espresso coffee bar opens in the UK, The Moka in Frith Street, Soho, London. [35]
- Jazz musician John Dankworth sets up his big band, the Johnny Dankworth Orchestra. [36]
- Laura Ashley sells her first printed fabrics. [37]
- J. C. Bamford of Rocester introduce the backhoe loader.
- E. Gomme introduce the popular G-Plan furniture range. [38]
- House of Fraser take over the Sunderland-based Binns group of department stores. [39]
- Some 25% of British households now own a television set, seventeen years after the first sets became available. Many families buy a set this year to watch the Coronation of Elizabeth II. [40]
- Artist L. S. Lowry paints his football match picture, Going to the Match and exhibits it at the Lefevre Gallery. [41]