1805 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1805 in the United Kingdom. This is the year of the Battle of Trafalgar.

Incumbents

• Monarch – George III
• Prime Minister – William Pitt the Younger (Tory)
• Foreign Secretary – Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby (until 11 January) Henry Phipps, 1st Earl of Mulgrave (from 11 January)
• Secretary of War – Lord Camden (until 10 July) Lord Castlereagh (from 10 July)

The Battle of Trafalgar, as seen from the mizzen starboard shrouds of HMS Victory by J. M. W. Turner

Events

• 20 January – London Docks open. ^[1]
• 5 February – East Indiaman Earl of Abergavenny is wrecked in Weymouth Bay with the loss of 263 lives. ^[2]
• 21 February – Charles Manners-Sutton confirmed as Archbishop of Canterbury. ^[3]
• 18 April – Ordnance Survey begins systematic publication of its General Survey of England and Wales ("Old Series") maps to a scale of one inch to the mile (1:63,360) with those for Essex. ^[4]
• 4 June – The first Trooping the Colour ceremony at the Horse Guards Parade in London. ^[1]
• 3 August – The annual cricket match between Eton College and Harrow School is played for the first time. ^[1]
• 21 October
  • Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Trafalgar – British naval fleet led by Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet off the coast of Spain. Admiral Nelson is fatally shot. ^[5]
  • An underground explosion at Hebburn colliery on Tyneside kills 35. ^[6]
• 23 October – Troopship Aeneas is wrecked off Newfoundland with the loss of 340 lives. ^[2]
• 6 November – News of the victory at Trafalgar and Nelson's death reaches London. ^[7]
• 26 November – The Ellesmere Canal's Pontcysyllte Aqueduct is opened in Wales, the tallest and longest in Britain. ^[8]

Ongoing

• Anglo-Spanish War, 1796–1808
• Napoleonic Wars, 1803–1815

Publications

• John Dalton's paper "On the Absorption of Gases by Water and Other Liquids". Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester , 2nd series 1: pp. 271–87, including the first published list of standard atomic weights.
• Walter Scott's narrative poem The Lay of the Last Minstrel .
• First printed version of the nursery rhyme "Little Miss Muffet" in Songs for the Nursery. ^[9]
• First printed version of the nursery rhyme "Old Mother Hubbard" in The Comic Adventures of Old Mother Hubbard and her Dog. ^[9]
• First printed version of the folk song "Bobby Shafto's Gone to Sea" in its modern (Tyneside) version.
• First printed version of the nonconformist hymn tune "Cranbrook", ^[10] later used for the folk song "On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at".

Births

• 27 January – Samuel Palmer, landscape watercolourist (died 1881)
• 4 February – W. Harrison Ainsworth, historical novelist (died 1882)
• 8 March – Rayner Stephens, Scottish-born radical reformer and Methodist minister (died 1879)
• 20 March – Thomas Cooper, Chartist, poet and religious lecturer (died 1892)
• 5 July
  • Jérôme Napoléon Bonaparte, agriculturalist, nephew of Napoleon I (died 1870 in the United States)
  • Robert FitzRoy, admiral and meteorologist (suicide 1865)
• 9 August – Joseph Locke, railway civil engineer (died 1860)
• 29 August – Frederick Denison Maurice, theologian (died 1872)
• 7 November – Thomas Brassey, railway contractor (died 1870)
• 20 December – Thomas Graham, Scottish-born chemist (died 1869)
• 22 December – John O. Westwood, entomologist (died 1893)

Deaths

• 2 January – Alexander Wedderburn, 1st Earl of Rosslyn, Lord Chancellor (born 1733)
• 3 January – Charles Towneley, antiquary (born 1737)
• 30 January – John Robison, physicist (born 1739)
• 18 January – John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury (born 1730)
• 2 February – Thomas Banks, sculptor (born 1735)
• 25 February
  • William Buchan, doctor (born 1729)
  • Thomas Pownall, colonial statesman (born 1722)
• 7 May – William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, Prime Minister (born 1737) ^[11]
• 25 May – William Paley, philosopher (born 1743)
• 3 August – Christopher Anstey, writer (born 1724)
• 28 August – Alexander Carlyle, church leader (born 1722)
• 5 October – Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, general (born 1738)
• 21 October – Horatio Nelson, admiral (mortally wounded in battle) (born 1758)

References

1. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN   0-14-102715-0.
2. Grocott, Terence (2002). Shipwrecks of the Revolutionary & Napoleonic Eras. Caxton Editions. ISBN   1-84067-164-5.
3. Jacob, W. M. (2004). "Sutton, Charles Manners (1755–1828)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . Oxford University Press. Retrieved 25 February 2011.(subscription or UK public library membership required)
4. "Ordnance Survey: Old Series – The first fully "OS" map". Old maps of Essex. 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
5. "British History Timeline, BBC History" . Retrieved 11 September 2007.
6. "Hebburn Colliery Explosion – Hebburn – 1805". Northern Mine Research Society. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
7. The London Gazette , extraordinary edition, 6 November 1805; The Times , 7 November 1805.
8. Rolt, L. T. C. (1958). Thomas Telford . London: Longmans, Green.
9. Opie, Iona and Peter (1997) [1951]. The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 323–4, 374–380.
10. Clark, Thomas. A Sett of Psalm & Hymn Tunes.
11. "History of William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2023.