Bulgaria elects on the national level a head of state—the president—and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term directly by the people. The National Assembly has 240 members elected for a four-year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies with a 4% threshold. Bulgaria has a multi-party system in which often no one party has a chance of gaining power alone and parties must work with each to form governments.
Presidential elections were held in Bulgaria on 11 November 2001, with a second round on 18 November. The result was a victory for Georgi Parvanov of the Bulgarian Socialist Party, who won 54.0% of the vote in the second round, defeating incumbent president Petar Stoyanov. Voter turnout was 41.8% in the first round and 55.1% in the second. Parvanov took office in 2002, becoming the first former communist to hold the post since 1990.
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 13 October 1991. They were the first elections held under the country's first post-communist constitution, which had been promulgated three months earlier.
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 18 November 1945, the country's first to feature universal suffrage for women. The Bulgarian Agrarian National Union and the Bulgarian Communist Party both won 94 seats. Voter turnout was 84.8%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 28 March 1920. It was compulsory to vote. The result was a victory for the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union (BANU), which won 110 of the 229 seats. Voter turnout was 77%.
Constitutional Assembly elections were held in Bulgaria on 27 October 1946. The elections served to elect members to the 6th Grand National Assembly, tasked with adopting a new constitution. The Fatherland Front, an anti-fascist coalition dominated by the Bulgarian Communist Party, had come to power in 1944 following a coup. Now that the Second World War was over and the monarchy abolished the communists wanted to adopt a new constitution. The Communists won a large majority, with 53.5 percent of the vote and 278 of the 465 seats. Voter turnout was 92.6%. This would be the lowest vote share that the Communists or the Fatherland Front would claim during the 43 years of the People's Republic of Bulgaria. In subsequent years, the Fatherland Front would claim to win elections with unanimous or near-unanimous support.
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 8 June 1986. The Fatherland Front, dominated by the Bulgarian Communist Party, was the only organization to contest the election; all candidate lists had to be approved by the Front. The Front nominated one candidate for each constituency. Of the 400 candidates 276 were members of the Communist Party, 99 were members of the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union and the remaining 25 were unaffiliated. Voter turnout was reportedly 99.5%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 7 June 1981. The Fatherland Front, dominated by the Bulgarian Communist Party, was the only organisation to contest the election; all candidate lists had to be approved by the Front. The Front nominated one candidate for each constituency. Of the 400 candidates 271 were members of the Communist Party, 99 were members of the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union and the remaining 30 were unaffiliated. Voter turnout was reportedly 99.9%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 30 May 1976. The Fatherland Front, dominated by the Bulgarian Communist Party, was the only organisation to contest the election; all candidate lists had to be approved by the Front. The Front nominated one candidate for each constituency. Of the 400 candidates 272 were members of the Communist Party, 100 were members of the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union and the remaining 28 were unaffiliated. Voter turnout was reportedly 99.9%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 27 June 1971, the first held under the new Zhivkov Constitution, which had been approved in a referendum held a month earlier. The Fatherland Front, dominated by the Bulgarian Communist Party, was the only organisation to contest the election; all candidate lists had to be approved by the Front. The Front nominated one candidate for each constituency. Of the 400 candidates 268 were members of the Communist Party, 100 were members of the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union and the remaining 32 were unaffiliated. Voter turnout was reportedly 99.9%.
A constitutional referendum was held in Bulgaria on 16 May 1971. Voters were asked whether they approved of a new constitution. The new constitution defined Bulgaria as a "socialist state of the working people from the cities and the villages", led by the Bulgarian Communist Party in cooperation with the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union. The result was reportedly 99.7% in favour, with a voter turnout of 99.7%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria between 6 and 27 March 1938, the first after the 1934 coup. The elections were held on a non-partisan basis, with the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union and Bulgarian Communist Party banned. Pro-government candidates won a majority of seats. Voter turnout was 69.5%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 24 December 1939, although voting continued in some areas into January 1940. The elections were officially held on a non-partisan basis with the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union and Bulgarian Communist Party banned, and in a process tightly controlled by Tsar Boris III, by then the real power in the country. However, candidates representing parties did contest the elections. Pro-government candidates won a majority of seats. Voter turnout was 67.2%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 20 December 1953. Voters were presented with a single list from the Fatherland Front, dominated by the Bulgarian Communist Party. As the Fatherland Front was the only organisation to contest the election and all candidate lists had to be approved by the Front, voters only had the option of voting for or against the Front list. Only 0.2% of vote were cast against the Front. Voter turnout was reportedly 99.5%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 22 December 1957. Voters were presented with a single list from the Fatherland Front, dominated by the Bulgarian Communist Party. As the Fatherland Front was the only organisation to contest the election and all candidate lists had to be approved by the Front, voters only had the option of voting for or against the Front list. Only 2,076 of the 5,206,103 valid votes were cast against. Voter turnout was reportedly 99.8%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 25 February 1962. Voters were presented with a single list from the Fatherland Front, dominated by the Bulgarian Communist Party. As the Fatherland Front was the only organisation to contest the election and all candidate lists had to be approved by the Front, voters only had the option of voting for or against the Front list. Only 1,668 of the 5,462,892 valid votes were cast against the Front list. Voter turnout was reportedly 99.7%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 27 February 1966. Voters were presented with a single list from the Fatherland Front, dominated by the Bulgarian Communist Party. As the Fatherland Front was the only organisation to contest the election and all candidate lists had to be approved by the Front, voters only had the option of voting for or against the Front list. Only 2,089 of the 5,746,161 valid votes were cast against the Front list. Voter turnout was reportedly 99.6%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Romania on 30 November 1952. They were the second held under undisguised Communist rule, and the first under a constitution adopted that September. They were also the first held after longtime Prime Minister Petru Groza handed the post to Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, who as leader of the Communist Romanian Workers' Party (PMR) had been the country's de facto leader since the Communists seized full power in 1947.
Parliamentary elections were held in Romania on 9 March 1975. The Front of Socialist Unity, dominated by the Romanian Communist Party and including other mass organisations, was the only organisation that contested the election. No prospective candidate could run for office without the Front's approval. The Front won all 349 seats in the Great National Assembly.
Parliamentary elections were held in Romania on 9 March 1980. The Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy, dominated by the Romanian Communist Party and including other mass organisations, was the only organisation that contested the election. No prospective candidate could run for office without the Front's approval. The Front won all 369 seats in the Great National Assembly.
