2013 Bulgarian parliamentary election

Last updated
2013 Bulgarian parliamentary election
Flag of Bulgaria.svg
←  2009 12 May 2013 (2013-05-12) 2014  →
All 240 seats in the National Assembly
121 seats needed for a majority
Turnout52.47%
PartyLeader%Seats+/–
GERB Boyko Borisov 30.5597-19
BSPzB Sergei Stanishev 26.6284+44
DPS Lyutvi Mestan 11.3136-2
Ataka Volen Siderov 7.3023+2
2013 Bulgarian parliamentary election - Vote Strength.svg
2013 Bulgarian parliamentary election - Results.svg
Prime Minister beforePrime Minister after
Marin Raykov
Independent 		Plamen Oresharski
BSP

Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 12 May 2013, two months ahead of schedule. [1] Protests had forced the resignation of the GERB government in February, leading to the election being moved up. [2]

Contents

The elections resulted in a minority parliament, with no party winning a majority of seats. Furthermore, voter turnout was at its lowest since the end of the Communist era. [3] For the first time since the return to democracy in 1990, a political party (GERB) won two elections in a row. Despite emerging victorious, GERB's leader, Boyko Borisov, called for the election results to be annulled, claiming that there had been "illegal campaigning" on the day before the election. [4]

Background

High electricity prices and poverty ignited mass protests in February 2013, eventually leading to the resignation of the GERB government and early elections. [5] The elections were originally scheduled to be held in July, but had to be brought forward. The government resigned the day after clashes between the police and protesters led to bloodshed and a number of civilians being badly injured. А caretaker government was appointed on 13 March 2013 by President Rosen Plevneliev to serve until the elections. On 28 February, Plevneliev announced the earliest possible date for the election would be 12 May. [6]

Electoral system

The 240 members of the National Assembly were elected by closed-list proportional representation in 31 multi-member constituencies. [7] Parties had to receive at least 4% of the national vote to win any of the proportional seats, which were distributed using the largest remainder method. [8]

Parties that failed to pass the 4% threshold, but received more than 1% of the national vote were to be allocated annual state subsidies to the amount of 12 leva (€6) per vote received. [9]

Campaign

As a result of the protests over electricity prices, the distribution license for Czech utility company ČEZ was revoked. President Rosen Plevneliev told parliament: "I believe that the necessary key changes in the laws should be decided by a new parliament. The decision is to hold elections." [6]

Former European Commissioner Meglena Kuneva broke from the National Movement for Stability and Progress, formed around Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. She claimed her new party would have significant support even though opinion polls indicated otherwise. She also indicated that it was likely her civil society organisation, Movement "Bulgaria of the Citizens", would become a party as it was "the only way to participate in elections." Rumours suggested she could be a coalition partner to GERB, but she played down such suggestions. In the Socialist party there was infighting over whether Sergei Stanishev or Georgi Parvanov would lead the party. [10]

Several of the parties were newly formed by citizens, resulting from the public discontent from the 2013 Bulgarian protests and the months leading up to them. One such party is People's Voice, formed by Hipodil frontman Svetlio Vitkov. [11] Others were led by citizens using the ticket of parties which were already in existence, as they had not managed to fulfill the strict registration requirements in the two months between the government's resignation and the elections – one such party is the Democratic Citizens' Initiative. [12] In all cases, the citizens' parties still needed to collect the 7,000 signatures necessary for participating in the elections. [13]

Controversy

Al Jazeera reported voter apathy due to scandals and disappointment with politicians. During the campaign there were also allegations of fraud and an illegal wiretapping scandal. The day before the election, a printing press in Kostinbrod was raided and 350,000 alleged illegally printed ballots were recovered. BSP leader Sergey Stanishev said that this was preparation for fraud with 10 percent of the electoral turnout being falsified for about 25 constituencies. He said: "This is a scandal unseen in Bulgaria so far." There was also allegations of illegal wiretapping of politicians. Prosecutors suggested former Interior Minister Tsvetan Tsvetanov was responsible with media revealing Borisov's alleged summons of Sofia's chief prosecutor to discuss details of the bribery probe. The OSCE's monitoring delegation member Eoghan Murphy said of the fraudulent ballot papers: "It's not for us to investigate these matters. It is for the Bulgarian authorities, but we will be interested in their assessment of the situation and how they deal with the matter as reported." [14] In their post-election press-conferences and press interviews, many of the parties stated that the vote should be invalidated because of the so-called "ballot-gate".

The revelation of the illegal ballots was made on the day before the election, designated "day for thought", when no political campaigning is allowed. Most of the major parties held press conferences immediately after the revelation, after which the Prosecutor's office made a formal announcement on the matter. [15] The Prosecution was then accused by GERB that their announcement "cost them 5-6% of the vote", [16] and four days later, in their first press conference since election night, Borisov stated that he will officially ask for an invalidation of the vote. [17]

Opinion polls

PollsterDate GERB BSP DPS Ataka DSB SDS DBG Ref
NCIOM10 May3425139 [18]
Skala10 May26.826.411.59.24.03.15.4 [19]
Mediana10 May32.031.511.68.0~4 [20]
Gallup BBSS10 May29-3528-3210-127-93-5 [20]
Alfa Research9 May3328107.52.724 [21]
Afis8 May21.819.56.05.83.4 [22]
MBMD29 April28.318.75.25.2~24.1 [23]
NCIOM28 April23.617.76.04.93.0 [24]
Mediana25 April23.321.46.25.52.10.94.5 [25]
CAM24 April24.118.26.14.81.21.04.4 [26]
Afis19 April24.018.95.05.41.10.73.1 [27]
NCIOM19 April23.917.56.25.22.00.73.1 [28]
Alfa Research18 April22.516.94.84.91.80.62.9 [29]
Gallup BBSS17 April22.819.94.95.71.21.23.9 [30]
Mediana12 April26.423.75.86.22.41.84.5 [31]
NCIOM4 April24.417.56.55.02.00.73.5 [32]
MBMD2 April30.115.65.04.42.7 [33]
Skala2 April25.320.214.09.96.0 [34]
Modern Politics2 April24.820.65.64.93.60.74.3 [35]
Alfa Research1 April21.917.44.85.51.80.63.9 [36]
Sova Harris23 March19.018.75.25.00.70.71.6 [37]
Mediana17 March21.320.47.94.31.51.45.1 [38]
Gallup BBSS15 March19.718.65.25.00.70.73.0 [39]
Modern Politics8 March24.120.34.63.62.11.12.7 [40]
Mediana15 February19.322.56.83.61.41.65.9 [41] [42] [43]
Gallup BBSS14 February22.622.17.31.21.30.94.8 [44] [45]
Last election5 July 200939.717.714.09.46.8—

Results

Results of the election, showing vote strength by electoral district. 2013 Bulgarian parliamentary election - Vote Strength.svg
Results of the election, showing vote strength by electoral district.
Distribution of votes by constituency BG Parliamentary 2013 pie EN.png
Distribution of votes by constituency
Distribution of seats by constituency BG Parliamentary 2013 grid.png
Distribution of seats by constituency

There were 6.9 million eligible voters. Voting ended at 21:00. There were also over 250 international electoral monitors. [14] Turnout was 51.3%. Four parties passed the electoral threshold, winning seats in parliament. These four parties account for only 75.76% of all valid ballots cast.

2013 Bulgarian National Assembly composition chart.svg
PartyVotes%+/–Seats+/–
GERB 1,081,60530.55−9.1797−19
Coalition for Bulgaria 942,54126.62+8.9284+44
Movement for Rights and Freedoms 400,46611.31−3.1436−2
Attack 258,4817.30−2.0623+2
National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria 131,1693.70New0New
Bulgaria for Citizens Movement 115,1903.25New0New
Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria 103,6382.93−0−5
IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement 66,8031.89New0New
Lider 61,4821.74−1.5200
Order, Law and Justice 59,1451.67−2.460−10
Center–Freedom and Dignity57,6111.63New0New
Union of Democratic Forces 48,6811.37−0−9
People's Voice 47,4191.34New0New
The Greens 26,5200.75+0.2300
New Alternative18,2670.52New0New
Proud Bulgaria 16,1260.46New0New
Democratic Civil Initiative15,4820.44New0New
Civil List–Modern Bulgaria14,3520.41New0New
Liberal Alliance 8,8730.25New0New
Bulgarian Agrarian National Union 7,7150.22New0New
Party of Bulgarian Women6,5450.18New0New
Union of Communists in Bulgaria 6,1680.17New0New
United People's Party 6,1430.17New0New
Bulgarian Left 5,9240.17New0New
Bulgarian Spring4,0970.12New0New
Christian Party of Bulgaria3,7220.11New0New
Middle European Class 3,5390.10New0New
National Democratic Party 3,4450.10New0New
Democratic Alternative for National Unification3,4140.10New0New
National Patriotic Unity3,2390.09New0New
Democratic Party 3,1600.09New0New
The Other Bulgaria 2,4970.07−0.0100
Cause Bulgaria2,2340.06New0New
National Unity Movement1,7860.05New0New
Christian Social Union1,6870.05New0New
Social Democrat Party1,3000.04New00
Total3,540,466100.00–2400
Valid votes3,540,46697.52
Invalid/blank votes90,0472.48
Total votes3,630,513100.00
Registered voters/turnout6,919,26052.47
Source: Central Electoral Commission

Reactions

The election was noted for its low voter turnout. After voting finished, about 50 protesters congregated outside the election centre at the Palace of Culture in Sofia demanding GERB not be given a chance to form a new government. The protesters chanted "mafia" and were involved in brief scuffles with the police. [46] Sergei Stanishev, leader of the second-place Bulgarian Socialist Party, dismissed GERB's chances of forming a government and expressed willingness to negotiate with the other two parties. GERB set a precedent by not holding the traditional post-election press conference for elected parties, and they stayed out of the media for four days until the finalized results came out on Thursday. [47]

Government formation

On 24 May, Borisov returned the president's mandate to try and form a government. President Rosen Plevneliev then invited the BSP to form a government. Reuters speculated that the BSP and the DPS will put together a cabinet of non-partisan specialists. That will be approved if some of Attack's 23 MPs boycott the vote, as they did for the election of the new speaker, Mihail Mikov. [48] Former Finance Minister Plamen Oresharski was nominated for the post of prime minister by the BSP and, after a meeting with the Movement for Rights and Freedoms, [49] was appointed on 29 May. [50] About his new cabinet, Oresharski said: "I have always been skeptical towards the division between leftists and rightists. There are some situations in which the most important thing is a rational and pragmatic approach. The main criterion for the composition of the cabinet is expertise." [49]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bulgarian Socialist Party</span> Centre-left Bulgarian political party

The Bulgarian Socialist Party, also known as The Centenarian, is a centre-left, social democratic political party in Bulgaria. The BSP is a member of the Socialist International, Party of European Socialists, and Progressive Alliance. Although founded in 1990 in its modern form, it traces its political heritage back to the founding of the BRDSP in 1891. It is also Bulgaria's largest party by membership numbers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GERB</span> Conservative political party in Bulgaria

GERB, is a conservative, populist political party which was the ruling party of Bulgaria between 2009–2013 and 2016–2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2009 Bulgarian parliamentary election</span>

Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 5 July 2009. With 40% of the vote, the decisive winner of the elections was the established in 2006 personalistic party of Boyko Borisov, GERB. The Socialist Party, in power before the election, was in second place, with around 18%. Оnce-ruling National Movement Simeon II did not cross the 4% threshold and won no seats. The turnout was 60.6%, one of the lowest ever. Following the election, GERB leader Boyko Borisov became Prime Minister. Just like all the previous parliamentary elections since the fall of communism, the government was not re-elected.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2013 Bulgarian protests against the first Borisov cabinet</span>

The 2013 Bulgarian protests against the first Borisov cabinet were civil demonstrations against high electricity and hot water bills resulting from monopolism in the sphere that began in Blagoevgrad on 28 January 2013, and subsequently spread to over 30 cities in Bulgaria that ended with the resignation of the Boyko Borisov government on 20 February 2013. They were caused by abnormally high electricity bills, but later turned into a mass non-partisan movement against the government and the political system. The events were marked by seven self-immolations, spontaneous demonstrations and a strong sentiment against political parties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet</span>

The 2013–2014 Bulgarian protests against the Oresharski cabinet was a series of demonstrations that were held in Bulgaria, mainly in the capital Sofia, against the left-wing coalition cabinet of Oresharski. The demonstrations started on 28 May 2013, but actual large-scale protests did not emerge until 14 June.
While the trigger factor for the demonstrations was the controversial appointment of Delyan Peevski as head of DANS in June 2013, the public discontent stemmed from a variety of causes, to a large extent connected to the general nature of the BSP-MRF governing coalition and perceived legitimacy issues surrounding political processes in Bulgaria. They ended in July 2014 with the resignation of the Oresharski government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maya Manolova</span> Bulgarian politician (born 1965)

Maya Bozhidarova Manolova is a Bulgarian politician and the leader of the political movement Stand Up.BG, part of the Stand Up! Mafia, get out! coalition. She was formerly the vice-chairperson as well as a deputy in the Bulgarian National Assembly, as well National Ombudsman of Bulgaria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 Bulgarian parliamentary election</span>

Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 5 October 2014 to elect the 43rd National Assembly. GERB remained the largest party, winning 84 of the 240 seats with around a third of the vote. A total of eight parties won seats, the first time since the beginning of democratic elections in 1990 that more than seven parties entered parliament. Boyko Borisov then became prime minister as head of a coalition with the Reformist Bloc and with outside support from the Patriotic Front and the Alternative for Bulgarian Revival.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hristo Ivanov (politician)</span> Bulgarian politician and lawyer

Hristo Lyubomirov Ivanov is a Bulgarian politician and lawyer. He served as Minister of Justice in the Second Borisov Cabinet before resigning on 9 December 2015. He also served as deputy prime minister and justice minister in the caretaker government of Georgi Bliznashki between 6 August and 7 November 2014. In early 2017 he founded the Yes, Bulgaria! political party whose priorities include institutional reforms, including a reform of the justice system, and anti-corruption efforts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Bulgarian presidential election</span>

Presidential elections were held in Bulgaria on 6 November 2016, alongside a referendum on changes to the electoral system and political party funding. The second round was held on 13 November 2016, resulting in the victory of Rumen Radev.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">April 2021 Bulgarian parliamentary election</span>

Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 4 April 2021 at the end of the term of National Assembly members elected in 2017. Parties in the governing coalition led by Boyko Borisov lost seats and no party leader was able to form a coalition government within the time limit. This triggered the July 2021 Bulgarian parliamentary election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 Bulgarian local elections</span>

The first round of the local elections for mayors and municipal councilors on both the local and provincial level in Bulgaria were held on 27 October 2019. The second round of the election took place on 3 November, as per the decree signed by the President of Bulgaria. 6,227,901 Bulgarians were included on the voter lists and were eligible to vote, a 136,000 voter reduction compared to the 2015 local elections.

Democratic Bulgaria is an electoral alliance in Bulgaria formed by three political parties – Yes, Bulgaria!, Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria and The Greens. The union was created on 12 April 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020–2021 Bulgarian protests</span> Bulgarian anti-government Protests

The 2020–2021 Bulgarian protests were a series of demonstrations that were being held in Bulgaria, mainly in the capital Sofia, as well as cities with a large Bulgarian diaspora, such as Brussels, Paris, Madrid, Barcelona, Berlin and London. The protest movement was the culmination of long-standing grievances against endemic corruption and state capture, particularly associated with prime minister Boyko Borisov's governments, in power since 2009.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Republicans for Bulgaria</span> Political party in Bulgaria

Republicans for Bulgaria is a Bulgarian political party formed as a split from GERB by Tsvetan Tsvetanov, formerly the second most senior official in the ruling GERB party, after he was demoted from his positions by GERB leader and Bulgarian Prime Minister Boyko Borisov. The party's abbreviation (RB) is an allusion to the defunct rightist Reformist Bloc coalition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stand Up.BG</span> Civic platform

Stand Up.BG or Stand Up Bulgaria is a Bulgarian non-governmental organization and political party which was founded by Maya Manolova on December 6, 2019.

We Continue the Change, sometimes translated as Change Continues, is a centrist, anti-corruption political party and formerly an electoral alliance in Bulgaria led by Kiril Petkov and Asen Vasilev, two former caretaker ministers. It was founded ahead of the November 2021 election. The party was officially registered on 15 April.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 Bulgarian Socialist Party leadership election</span>

Leadership elections within the Bulgarian Socialist Party were held on 27 July 2014 as part of the party's 48th congress, following the resignation of Sergey Stanishev earlier that month. While he made no formal endorsement, he hinted at supporting economy minister Dragomir Stoynev, who had been recently elected as party co-chairman.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GERB—SDS</span> Political party in Bulgaria

The GERB—SDS is a Bulgarian two-party political coalition headed by Boyko Borisov.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 Bulgarian parliamentary election</span> Election in Bulgaria

Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 2 April 2023 to elect members of the National Assembly. These were initially scheduled to be held before November 2026; however, as no government was approved by the 48th Parliament, Bulgarian President Rumen Radev announced in January 2023 that he would call a snap election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021–2023 Bulgarian political crisis</span> Political crisis in Bulgaria

The 2021–2023 Bulgarian political crisis was a period of instability in Bulgaria, which has seen the country face five elections over two years: April 2021, July 2021, November 2021, October 2022 and April 2023.

References

  1. ↑ Bulgaria Elections 2013 ftp Headlines, 24 March 2013.
  2. ↑ "Q&A: Bulgaria's parliamentary elections". BBC. 2013-05-08. Retrieved 2013-05-13.
  3. ↑ Uncertainty reigns after Bulgarian election stalemate Euronews, 13 May 2013
  4. ↑ Opposition, derision for Borissov’s call to annul May 12 elections Sofia Globe, 16 May 2013
  5. ↑ Cage, Sam (20 February 2013). "Bulgarian government resigns amid growing protests". Reuters. Retrieved 2013-02-20.
  6. 1 2 "Bulgaria president calls May election after protests". Reuters. 28 February 2013. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
  7. ↑ Election Profile IFES
  8. ↑ Electoral system IPU
  9. ↑ 9 Parties Win State Subsidies in Bulgaria's General Elections Novinite, 13 May 2013
  10. ↑ Clive Leviev-Sawyer (2012-03-13). "The long, long road to Bulgaria's 2013 parliamentary elections - Opinion". The Sofia Echo. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
  11. ↑ Svetlio Vitkov with the "People's Voice" Party, WebCafe, 6 Oct 2012. Retrieved May 2013.
  12. ↑ The Protest With Its Own Party, OffNews, 22 Mar 2013. Retrieved May 2013.
  13. ↑ 71 parties want to participate in the upcoming parliamentary elections, Dnevnik, 27 mar 2013. Retrieved May 2013.
  14. 1 2 Deadlock feared after Bulgaria elections
  15. ↑ On the Media Announcements about Kostinbrod Archived 2013-06-09 at the Wayback Machine , Prosecution of the Republic of Bulgaria, 11 May 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  16. ↑ Borisov Accuses Prosecutor for Lost Votes, Dir.bg, 14 May 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  17. ↑ GERB to ask for Invalidation and New Elections, Kapital, 16 May 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  18. ↑ "НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ с 9% преднина пред БСП". Блиц. 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
  19. ↑ "Скала: ГЕРБ и БСП изравниха, шест партии в парламента". Отблизо. 2013-05-10. Archived from the original on 2013-07-03. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
  20. 1 2 ""Галъп": Паритет между ГЕРБ и БСП, "Медиана": основните политически опоненти са наравно". Dnevnik. 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
  21. ↑ ""Алфа Рисърч": Четири партии влизат в парламента, една е почти сигурна". Dnevnik. 2013-05-09. Retrieved 2013-05-09.
  22. ↑ ""Афис": Кампанията възкреси РЗС, поне пет партии влизат в парламента". Dnevnik. 2013-05-08. Retrieved 2013-05-08.
  23. ↑ "Борисов вкарва 108 депутати в следващото НС, изчисли МБМД". dnes.bg. 2013-04-29. Retrieved 2013-04-29.
  24. ↑ "НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ - 23,6%, БСП - 17,7%, 22% се колебаят". 24 часа. 2013-04-28. Retrieved 2013-04-28.
  25. ↑ "Разликата между ГЕРБ и БСП се топи". Труд. 2013-04-25. Archived from the original on 2013-04-26. Retrieved 2013-04-26.
  26. ↑ "New Poll Gives GERB 6% Lead over Bulgaria's Socialists". 2013-04-24. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
  27. ↑ ""Афис": ГЕРБ е изчерпала потенциала си, БСП има накъде да расте до изборите". в. Дневник. 2013-04-19. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
  28. ↑ "НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ запазва преднината си пред БСП". в. Труд. 2013-04-19. Archived from the original on 2013-04-21. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
  29. ↑ ""Алфа Рисърч": ГЕРБ запазва преднината пред БСП, избирателната активност расте". dnevnik.bg. 2013-04-18. Retrieved 2013-04-18.
  30. ↑ "Шансовете на ГЕРБ и БСП остават "на кантар"". Преса. 2013-04-17. Retrieved 2013-04-17.
  31. ↑ "ГЕРБ срещу БСП с преднина 2,7%". Труд. 2013-04-11. Archived from the original on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2013-04-12.
  32. ↑ "НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ - 24,4%, БСП - 17,5%". в. Труд. 2013-04-04. Archived from the original on 2013-04-06. Retrieved 2013-04-04.
  33. ↑ "МБМД огласи официално "онова" изследване". komentator.bg. 2013-04-02. Archived from the original on 2013-06-28. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
  34. ↑ "ГЕРБ 25,3%, БСП 20,2". ПИК. 2013-04-02. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
  35. ↑ "Обществени нагласи през месец март". Институт за модерна политика. 2013-04-02. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
  36. ↑ ""Алфа Рисърч": Ако изборите бяха днес - ГЕРБ, БСП, ДПС, "Атака" и "България на гражданите" влизат в парламента". dnevnik.bg. 2013-04-01. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
  37. ↑ "СДС и ДСБ са под чертата на изборите - Меглена Кунева също е аут, "Атака" върви нагоре". blitz.bg. 2013-03-23. Retrieved 2013-03-27.
  38. ↑ "Отново ли "ГЕРБ на власт"?". Труд. 2013-03-18. Archived from the original on 2013-03-21. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
  39. ↑ "Кунева губи, печели Волен". Преса. 2013-03-16. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
  40. ↑ "Обществени нагласи по време на криза". Институт за модерна политика. 2013-03-08. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
  41. ↑ "Bulgaria: Bulgarian Ruling Party Would Lose Elections". Novinite.com. 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2013-02-20.
  42. ↑ ""Медиана": БСП изпреварва ГЕРБ". Труд. 2013-02-15. Archived from the original on 2013-02-18. Retrieved 2013-02-22.
  43. ↑ ""Медиана": БСП изпреварва ГЕРБ". 24 часа. 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2013-02-22.
  44. 1 2 "Според "Галъп" - по равно, "Медиана" даде предимство на БСП". frognews.com. 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2013-02-20.
  45. ↑ "Кунева губи, печели Волен". Преса. 2013-03-16. Retrieved 2013-02-22.
  46. ↑ "Bulgaria election fails to end political stalemate". BBC News Europe. BBC. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  47. ↑ Borisov stays quiet, Stanishev Speaks (in Bulgarian), Deutsche Welle, 13 May 2013.
  48. ↑ Reuters
  49. 1 2 "PM Hopeful: New Bulgarian Cabinet Will Be 'Expert, Pragmatic'". Novinite.com. Sofia News Agency. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  50. ↑ Buckley, Neil (2013-05-29). "Bulgaria parliament votes for a 'Mario Monti' to lead government". FT.com. Retrieved 2013-06-04.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.