1990 Andalusian regional election

1990 Andalusian regional election

←  1986 23 June 1990 1994  →
All 109 seats in the Parliament of Andalusia 55 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered	5,007,675 3.9%
Turnout	2,771,330 (55.3%) 15.4 pp
First party Second party Third party   Leader Manuel Chaves Gabino Puche Luis Carlos Rejón Party PSOE–A PP IU–CA Leader since 19 April 1990 8 February 1987 21 July 1988 Leader's seat Cádiz Jaén Córdoba Last election 60 seats, 47.0% 28 seats, 22.2% [lower-alpha 1] 19 seats, 17.8% Seats won 62 26 11 Seat change 2 2 8 Popular vote 1,368,576 611,903 349,659 Percentage 49.6% 22.2% 12.7% Swing 2.6 pp 0.0 pp 5.1 pp   Fourth party   Leader Pedro Pacheco Party PA Leader since June 1986 Leader's seat Cádiz Last election 2 seats, 5.9% Seats won 10 Seat change 8 Popular vote 296,613 Percentage 10.8% Swing 4.9 pp
Constituency results map for the Parliament of Andalusia
President before election José Rodríguez de la Borbolla PSOE–A Elected President Manuel Chaves PSOE–A

The 1990 Andalusian regional election was held on Saturday, 23 June 1990, to elect the 3rd Parliament of the autonomous community of Andalusia. All 109 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

The candidate for the PSOE, Manuel Chaves, was invested as President of the Regional Government of Andalusia for the first time, after winning the election with an absolute majority of seats. He would remain in the presidency of this autonomous community for the longest period of time than any of his predecessors, not stepping down from office until 2009.

Overview

Electoral system

The Parliament of Andalusia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Andalusia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Andalusian Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president. ^[1] Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Andalusia and in full enjoyment of their political rights.

The 109 members of the Parliament of Andalusia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville, with each being allocated an initial minimum of eight seats and the remaining 45 being distributed in proportion to their populations (provided that the number of seats in each province did not exceed two times that of any other). ^{[1] [2]}

As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Parliament constituency was entitled the following seats:

Seats	Constituencies
18	Seville
16	Málaga (+1)
15	Cádiz
13	Córdoba, Granada
12	Jaén (–1)
11	Almería, Huelva,

The use of the D'Hondt method might result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude. ^[3]

Election date

The term of the Parliament of Andalusia expired four years after the date of its previous election. Election day was to take place between the thirtieth and the sixtieth day from the date of expiry of parliament barring any date within from 1 July to 31 August. The previous election was held on 22 June 1986, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 22 June 1990. The election was required to take place no later than the sixtieth day from the date of expiry of parliament on the condition that it was not held between 1 July and 31 August, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Saturday, 30 June 1990. ^{[1] [2] [4] [5]}

The Parliament of Andalusia could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the candidate from the party with the highest number of seats was to be deemed automatically elected. ^{[1] [4] [5]}

Parliamentary composition

The Parliament of Andalusia was officially dissolved on 30 April 1990, after the publication of the dissolution decree in the Official Gazette of the Regional Government of Andalusia. ^[6] The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the Parliament at the time of dissolution. ^[7]

Parliamentary composition in April 1990

Parliamentary groups		Parties		Legislators
				Seats	Total
	Socialist		PSOE–A	60	60
	People's of Andalusia		PP	19	19
	United Left–Assembly for Andalusia		PCA–PCE	13	17
			FP	2
			INDEP	1
			PASOC	1
	Mixed. Andalusian Parliamentary Grouping		PA	2	2
	Mixed		INDEP	9 [lower-alpha 2]	11
			PCPA	1
			BOCA	1 [lower-alpha 3]

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. ^{[2] [8]}

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy		Parties and alliances	Leading candidate		Ideology	Previous result		Gov.	Ref.
						Votes (%)	Seats
	PSOE–A	List Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A)		Manuel Chaves	Social democracy	47.04%	60	Y
	PP	List People's Party (PP)		Gabino Puche	Conservatism Christian democracy	22.17% [lower-alpha 1]	28	N
	IU–CA	List Communist Party of Andalusia (PCA–PCE) Socialist Action Party (PASOC) Republican Left (IR) United Candidacy of Workers (CUT)		Luis Carlos Rejón	Socialism Communism	17.81%	19	N
	PA	List Andalusian Party (PA)		Pedro Pacheco	Andalusian nationalism Social democracy	5.86%	2	N

Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 55 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Andalusia.

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Turnout							ARM	Lead
1990 regional election	23 Jun 1990	—	55.3	49.6 62	[lower-alpha 4]	12.7 11	10.8 10	1.2 0	22.2 26	0.6 0	27.4
Sigma Dos/El Mundo	17 Jun 1990	?	?	47.5 58	[lower-alpha 4]	–	–	–	21.5 26	–	26.0
Opina/La Vanguardia [p 1] [p 2]	11–13 Jun 1990	2,504	60–65	44.6 54/58	[lower-alpha 4]	13.6 13	16.8 17/19	1.9 0	20.0 19/24	–	24.6
Gruppo/ABC [p 3]	11–13 Jun 1990	3,200	?	46.8 58/60	[lower-alpha 4]	14.6 14/16	10.2 8/11	2.7 0	22.2 24/27	–	24.6
Demoscopia/El País [p 4]	7–12 Jun 1990	3,200	69	46.3 58/61	[lower-alpha 4]	12.7 12/14	12.3 9/10	–	21.6 27	–	24.7
GGC Research/Rato [p 5]	6–8 Jun 1990	3,150	?	46.8 57/63	[lower-alpha 4]	14.3 13/15	10.3 8/10	–	21.3 25/27	–	25.5
Gruppo/ABC [p 6]	25–28 May 1990	1,000	?	46.6 59/61	[lower-alpha 4]	14.2 14/15	10.1 8/9	2.8 0	22.0 26/28	–	24.6
Demoscopia/El País [p 7] [p 8]	23–27 May 1990	3,200	?	46.8 58/60	[lower-alpha 4]	? 14/15	? 9/11	–	? 26/27	–	?
Opina/La Vanguardia [p 9]	3–5 May 1990	?	?	42.7	[lower-alpha 4]	13.1	15.6	2.3	22.3	–	20.4
Sociología Andaluza/PCA [p 10]	25 Apr 1990	2,000	?	45.7	[lower-alpha 4]	14.4	12.8	–	20.8	–	24.9
CIS [p 11]	8 Apr 1990	?	?	? 54/56	[lower-alpha 4]	? 15	? 10	? 0	? 24	–	?
Sociología Andaluza/PCA [p 10]	25 Feb 1990	2,500	?	47.9	[lower-alpha 4]	14.1	12.1	–	17.9	–	30.0
Insight/PP [p 12] [p 13]	5–19 Feb 1990	3,894	?	? 53/57	[lower-alpha 4]	? 19	? 8/10	–	? 27/30	–	?
1989 general election	29 Oct 1989	—	69.3	52.5 (67)	[lower-alpha 4]	12.0 (12)	6.2 (3)	4.7 (2)	20.2 (25)	1.5 (0)	32.3
1989 EP election	15 Jun 1989	—	52.8	50.3 (70)	[lower-alpha 4]	9.0 (8)	10.4 (9)	4.1 (1)	16.1 (20)	4.1 (1)	34.2
PCA [p 14]	1–11 Feb 1989	816	?	38.4 44/46	[lower-alpha 4]	18.8 20/21	? 10	–	? 25/28	–	?
Metra Seis/PA [p 15]	15 Jan 1988	?	?	? 46	? 20/21	? 16	? 19/20	? 7	–	–	?
1987 EP election	10 Jun 1987	—	65.8	48.3 (63)	21.3 (27)	10.8 (10)	5.6 (3)	7.2 (6)	–	–	27.0
1987 local elections	10 Jun 1987	—	66.7	43.7	19.7	14.3	7.1	7.0	–	–	24.0
1986 regional election	22 Jun 1986	—	70.7	47.0 60	22.2* 28	17.8 19	5.9 2	3.3 0	–	–	24.8
(*) Results for People's Coalition.

Results

Overall

← Summary of the 23 June 1990 Parliament of Andalusia election results →

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A)	1,368,576	49.60	+2.56	62	+2
	People's Party (PP)1	611,903	22.18	+0.01	26	–2
	United Left–Assembly for Andalusia (IU–CA)	349,659	12.67	–5.14	11	–8
	Andalusian Party (PA)	296,613	10.75	+4.89	10	+8
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	32,654	1.18	–2.08	0	±0
	Ruiz-Mateos Group (ARM)	15,637	0.57	New	0	±0
	Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2	14,813	0.54	–0.97	0	±0
	Socialist Democracy (DS)	14,499	0.53	New	0	±0
	Greens of Andalusia (VA)	13,979	0.51	New	0	±0
	The Ecologist Greens (LVE)	12,651	0.46	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA)	6,300	0.23	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))	2,401	0.09	New	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	2,312	0.08	New	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	1,869	0.07	–0.14	0	±0
	Andalusian Front of Liberation (FAL)	1,633	0.06	New	0	±0
	Alliance for the Republic (AxR)	698	0.03	New	0	±0
	Falangist Movement of Spain (MFE)	560	0.02	±0.00	0	±0
	Andalusian Centrist Unity (UCA)	230	0.01	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		12,024	0.44	+0.07
Total		2,759,011			109	±0
Valid votes		2,759,011	99.56	+1.05
Invalid votes		12,319	0.44	–1.05
Votes cast / turnout		2,771,330	55.34	–15.37
Abstentions		2,236,345	44.66	+15.37
Registered voters		5,007,675
Sources [9] [10] [11]
Footnotes: 1 People's Party results are compared to People's Coalition totals in the 1986 election. 2 Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity results are compared to Communists' Unity Board totals in the 1986 election.

Popular vote PSOE–A   49.60% PP   22.18% IU–CA   12.67% PA   10.75% CDS   1.18% Others   3.17% Blank ballots   0.44%

Seats PSOE–A   56.88% PP   23.85% IU–CA   10.09% PA   9.17%

Distribution by constituency

Constituency	PSOE–A		PP		IU–CA		PA
	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S
Almería	50.0	7	28.5	3	9.0	1	6.6	−
Cádiz	46.6	8	15.5	2	10.0	1	21.6	4
Córdoba	47.3	7	20.7	3	18.8	2	9.3	1
Granada	48.9	7	27.9	4	11.8	1	6.2	1
Huelva	55.8	7	22.2	2	9.3	1	8.2	1
Jaén	51.8	7	27.2	4	11.5	1	5.6	−
Málaga	49.3	9	22.0	4	14.6	2	8.8	1
Seville	50.4	10	19.5	4	12.5	2	13.6	2
Total	49.6	62	22.2	26	12.7	11	10.7	10
Sources [9] [10] [11]

Aftermath

Investiture Manuel Chaves (PSOE–A)
Ballot →		24 July 1990
Required majority →		55 out of 109 Y
	Yes • PSOE–A (62)	62 / 109
	No • PP (26) • IU–CA (11) • PA (10)	47 / 109
	Abstentions	0 / 109
	Absentees	0 / 109
Sources [9]

Notes

1. Results for AP–PDP–PL in the 1986 election.
2. José F. Lorca, Antonio Fernández Jurado and Gonzalo Rodríguez, former AP legislators; Miguel del Pino, Vicente Fernández-Capel, Luis F. Plaza and Juan Santaella, former PDP legislators; Antonio Hernández Caire, Roberto Sáenz, former PL legislators.
3. Cristóbal Jiménez, former PCPA legislator.
4. Within PP.

References

Opinion poll sources

1. "Los socialistas mantienen su mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 17 June 1990.
2. "El PSOE conserva su mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 17 June 1990.
3. "El PSOE baja en votos, pero mantiene la mayoría absoluta, según un sondeo de Gruppo para ABC". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 16 June 1990.
4. "El PSOE mantiene la mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 17 June 1990.
5. "Una encuesta de la Rato otorga mayoría absoluta al PSOE-A". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 14 June 1990.
6. "El clima electoral es estable, a pesar de los escándalos políticos". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 7 June 1990.
7. "El PSOE revalida su mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 3 June 1990.
8. "Chaves, futuro presidente". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 4 June 1990.
9. "Peligra la mayoría absoluta del PSOE en las elecciones autonómicas andaluzas". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 13 May 1990.
10. "El PSOE roza la mayoría absoluta en Andalucía, según encuestas del PCA". El País (in Spanish). 25 April 1990.
11. "El PSOE rozaría la mayoría absoluta en Andalucía, según una encuesta del CIS". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 8 April 1990.
12. "El PSOE puede perder la mayoría absoluta en Andalucía y PP, IU y PA están al alza". ABC (in Spanish). 24 March 1990.
13. "El PSOE podría perder la mayoría absoluta en el Parlamento andaluz, según una encuesta del PP". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 24 March 1990.
14. "Una encuesta del PCA refleja que el PSOE perdería la mayoría absoluta". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 5 April 1989.
15. "El PA duda entre Rojas Marcos y Pacheco para la candidatura a la Junta de Andalucía". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 15 January 1988.

Other

1. "Ley Orgánica 6/1981, de 30 de diciembre, de Estatuto de Autonomía para Andalucía". Organic Law No. 2 of 30 December 1981 (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 September 2017.
2. "Ley 1/1986, de 2 de enero, Electoral de Andalucía". Law No. 1 of 2 January 1986 (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 September 2017.
3. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
4. "Ley 6/1983, de 21 de Julio, del Gobierno y la Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma". Law No. 6 of 21 July 1983 (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 September 2017.
5. "Ley 1/1990, de 30 de enero, por la que se modifica la Ley 6/1983, de 21 de julio, del Gobierno y la Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma". Law No. 1 of 30 January 1990 (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 September 2017.
6. "DECRETO del Presidente 122/1990, de 29 de abril, por la que se convoca Elecciones al Parlamento de Andalucía" (PDF). Boletín Oficial de la Junta de Andalucía (in Spanish) (35): 3162–3163. 30 April 1990. ISSN   0212-5803.
7. "LOS GRUPOS PARLAMENTARIOS. II Legislatura". Parlamento de Andalucía (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 May 2022.
8. "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985 (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 December 2016.
9. "Elecciones al Parlamento de Andalucía (1982 - 2018)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 September 2017.
10. "Electoral Results Consultation. Parliament of Andalusia. June 1990. Andalusia totals". juntadeandalucia.es (in Spanish). Regional Government of Andalusia . Retrieved 25 September 2017.
11. "Parliament of Andalusia election results, 23 June 1990" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Central Electoral Commission. 14 August 1990. Retrieved 25 September 2017.