2005 in public domain

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When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. The following is a list of works that entered the public domain in 2005. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform.

Contents

Entered the public domain in countries with life + 70 years

With the exception of Belarus (Life + 50 years) and Spain (Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1987), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime. [1] [2] The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator that entered the public domain on January 1, 2005.

NamesCountryBirthDeathOccupationNotable work
Jakob Wassermann Flag of Germany.svg Germany 10 March 18731 January 1934novelist.Melusine, The Maurizius Case, My Life as German and Jew
Dorothy Edwards Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 18 August 19025 January 1934novelist, short story writer.Rhapsody, Winter Sonata
Andrei Bely Flag of Russia.svg Russia 26 October 18808 January 1934novelist, poet, literary critic. Petersburg , The Silver Dove
Helen Zimmern Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 25 March 184611 January 1934children's writer, biographer, political writer, translator.Arthur Schopenhauer, his Life and his Philosophy, Tripoli and Young Italy
Hermann Bahr Flag of Austria.svg Austria 19 July 186315 January 1934novelist, playwright, art critic, literary critic. The Concert , Expressionismus
Ferenc Móra Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary 19 July 18798 February 1934novelist, journalist, museologist.Sons of the Slave Man, A Journey in the Underground Hungary, Suns, Moons, Bygone Stars
Emeline Harriet Howe Flag of the United States.svg United States 2 January 184428 February 1934poet.Poems, A Basket of Fragments, From Height to Height
Thomas Anstey Guthrie Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 8 August 185610 March 1934comic novelist, parodist, humorist. Vice Versa , The Man from Blankley's , The Tinted Venus
Safvet-beg Bašagić Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia 6 May 18709 April 1934biographer, poet, bibliographer, translator.Bosnians and Herzegovinians in Islamic literature, Illustrious Croats - Bosnians and Herzegovinians in the Ottoman empire
R. C. Packer Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia 24 July 187912 April 1934journalist, newspaper editor, publisher.founder of Smith's Weekly and the Daily Guardian
Paul Zarifopol Flag of Romania.svg Romania 30 November 18741 May 1934literary critic, social critic, essayist, literary historian, magazine publisher.founder of Revista Fundațiilor Regale , writer of A Register of Tender Ideas, Artists and Ideas in Romanian Literature
John Gray Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 2 March 186614 June 1934poet, novelist, translator.Park: A Fantastic Story, Silverpoints, Spiritual Poems, chiefly done out of several languages
Thorne Smith Flag of the United States.svg United States 27 March 189220 June 1934fantasy writer, comedy writer, mystery writer, poet, screenwriter.Topper, Topper Takes a Trip, The Night Life of the Gods, Turnabout
Naitō Konan Flag of Japan.svg Japan 27 August 186626 June 1934historian, Sinologist.Nara
Fritz Gerlich Flag of Germany.svg Germany 15 February 188330 June 1934journalist, historian, political writer, satirist.The Testament of Henry VI, Communism as the Theory of the Thousand Year Reich, Does Hitler Have Mongolian Blood?
Karl-Günther Heimsoth Flag of Germany.svg Germany 4 December 1899June 1934physician, sexologist, homosexual activist, astrologist.Hetero- and Homophilia, Love Between Friends or Homosexuality, Character Constellation: With Particular Reference to Homosexuality
Willi Schmid Flag of Germany.svg Germany 12 April 189330 June 1934music critic, musician.music critic for the Münchener Neueste Nachrichten, founder of the music band Munich Viol Quartet
Hayim Nahman Bialik Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 9 January 18734 July 1934poet, essayist, translator, publisher, folklorist. In the City of Slaughter , Sefer HaAggadah
Julian Hawthorne Flag of the United States.svg United States 22 June 184614 July 1934novelist, short story writer, poet, essayist, travel writer, biographer, historian.The Great Bank Robbery, An American Penman, A Tragic Mystery, Section 558, Another's Crime
Karl Joel Flag of Germany.svg Germany 27 March 186423 July 1934philosopher.Nietzsche und die Romantik, Ursprung der Naturphilosophie aus dem Geiste der Mystik, Geschichte der antiken Philosophie
Frane Bulić Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia 4 October 184629 July 1934archaeologist, historian.Croatian monuments in the Knin area and Dalmatia from the age of Croatian national dynasties, Palace of Emperor Diocletian in Split, The steps of the Croatian national rulers
Mary Hunter Austin Flag of the United States.svg United States 9 September 186813 August 1934nature writer, playwright. The Land of Little Rain , The Arrow Maker , Taos Pueblo
Rebecca Richardson Joslin Flag of the United States.svg United States 20 March 184630 August 1934essayist, historian.Chasing Eclipses: The Total Solar Eclipses of 1905, 1914, 1925, 1929, Essays on Early Years of Charles V. in Spain, War of the Comuneros, Rival Claimants to the Spanish Throne, French Influence in Spain, Italian Literature in the Time of Charles III. of Spain
Roger Fry Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 14 December 18669 September 1934painter, art critic, essayist, translator.An essay in Aesthetics, Art History as an Academic Study, The Artist and Psycho-Analysis, Flemish Art
Gheorghe Bogdan-Duică Flag of Romania.svg Romania 2 January 186621 September 1934literary critic, biographer, editor, translator.The Romanians and the Jews, Pointless Literature (of Course by Lucian Blaga))
Arthur Wing Pinero Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 24 May 185523 November 1934playwright, actor. The Magistrate , The Second Mrs Tanqueray , Trelawny of the "Wells" , The Gay Lord Quex
Gustave Lanson Flag of France.svg France 5 August 185715 December 1934historian, literary critic, biographer.Molière and Farce, The New Poetry in France, The Modern Subjects in Secondary Education
Wallace Thurman Flag of the United States.svg United States 16 August 190222 December 1934novelist, screenwriter, playwright, ghostwriter, essayist, satirist, editor, publisher. The Blacker the Berry: A Novel of Negro Life , Harlem: A Melodrama of Negro Life in Harlem , Infants of the Spring
Cora Linn Daniels Flag of the United States.svg United States 17 March 18521934mystery novelist, poet, newspaper editor, journalist, folklorist, encyclopedia writer. The Bronze Buddha: A Mystery , As It Is To Be, Encyclopaedia of Superstitions, Folklore, and the Occult Sciences of the World: A Comprehensive Library of Human Belief and Practice in the Mysteries of Life

Entered the public domain in countries with life + 50 years

In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, Canada, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay; a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.

NamesCountryBirthDeathOccupationNotable work
Alexander Abasheli Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 27 August 188427 September 1954Writer A Woman in the Mirror  [ ka ]
Sait Faik Abasıyanık Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 18 November 190611 May 1954WriterSemaver
Ahmed Agdamski Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 5 January 18841 April 1954Singer If Not That One, Then This One
Franco Alfano Flag of Italy.svg Italy 8 March 187527 October 1954Composer List of operas by Franco Alfano
Juan Álvarez Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina 3 September 18788 April 1954HistorianEssay on the history of Santa Fe
Maximiano Alves Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal 22 August 188822 January 1954Sculptor Selected works
Ahmad Amin Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt 1 October 188630 May 1954WriterDawn of Islam
Martin Andersen Nexø Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 26 June 18691 June 1954Writer Pelle the Conqueror
Oswald de Andrade Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil 11 January 189022 October 1954Writer Manifesto Antropófago
Bruno Angoletta Flag of Italy.svg Italy 7 September 18897 January 1954Cartoonist Marmittone
Peter van Anrooy Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 13 October 187931 December 1954ComposerPiet Hein Rhapsodie voor symfonieorkest
John L. Balderston Flag of the United States.svg United States 22 October 18898 March 1954Playwright Berkeley Square, Dracula
Lionel Barrymore Flag of the United States.svg United States 28 April 187815 November 1954Actor, film director Lionel Barrymore on stage, screen and radio
Constantin Beldie Flag of Romania.svg Romania 8 September 188711 June 1954Journalist, writerGloss on the Bookish Spirit
Jacinto Benavente Flag of Spain.svg Spain 12 August 186614 July 1954Writer The Unloved Woman
Frans G. Bengtsson Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 4 October 189419 December 1954Writer The Long Ships
Maxwell Bodenheim Flag of the United States.svg United States 26 May 18926 February 1954novelist, poet, memoirist, journalist.My Life and Loves in Greenwich Village
Hakon Børresen Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 2 June 18766 October 1954Composer Den Kongelige Gæst
Vitaliano Brancati Flag of Italy.svg Italy 24 July 190725 September 1954Writer Don Giovanni in Sicilia
Roman Bratkowski  [ uk ]Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine/Flag of Poland.svg Poland 2 September 18695 September 1954PainterPejzaż zimowy
Walter Braunfels Flag of Germany.svg Germany 19 December 188219 March 1954Composer Die Vögel
Pauline Brunius Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 2 October 188130 March 1954Actress, film director False Greta
Claude Cahun Flag of France.svg France 25 October 18948 December 1954Photographer, writer Disavowals or Cancelled Confessions
Robert Capa Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary 22 October 191325 May 1954Photographer The Falling Soldier
Enrico Cavacchioli  [ it ]Flag of Italy.svg Italy 15 March 18854 January 1954Writer List of works by Enrico Cavacchioli  [ it ]
Papa Celestin Flag of the United States.svg United States 1 January 188415 December 1954Musician Papa Celestin's Golden Wedding
E. K. Chambers Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 16 March 186621 January 1954Literary scholarThe Elizabethan Stage
Dmytro Chornovil  [ uk ]Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 7 November 19028 March 1954Architect State Academic Music Drama Theatre in Vinnytsia  [ uk ]
Eugen Coca Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 15 April 18939 January 1954ComposerMaria's Fortune
Colette Flag of France.svg France 28 January 18733 August 1954Writer Gigi
Julian Coolidge Flag of the United States.svg United States 28 September 18735 March 1954Mathematician A Treatise on the Circle and the Sphere
Duff Cooper Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 22 February 18901 January 1954Politician, historian Old Men Forget
Maria Adelaide Coelho da Cunha Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal 13 October 186923 November 1954SocialiteDoida, Não!
Stig Dagerman Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 5 October 19234 November 1954Writer, journalist A Burnt Child
Jibanananda Das Flag of India.svg India 17 February 189922 October 1954Poet Banalata Sen
Ludovic Dauș Flag of Romania.svg Romania 1 October 187317 November 1954Writer, translatorUnto Death
Russell Davenport Flag of the United States.svg United States 189919 April 1954WriterMy Country, A Poem of America
Alcide De Gasperi Flag of Italy.svg Italy 3 April 188119 August 1954PoliticianNella lotta per la democrazia
Danylo Demutskyi  [ uk ]Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 16 July 18937 May 1954Photographer, camera operator Earth
André Derain Flag of France.svg France 10 June 18808 September 1954Painter, sculptor Mountains at Collioure
Leonard Eugene Dickson Flag of the United States.svg United States 22 January 187417 January 1954Mathematician, writer History of the Theory of Numbers
Nadiya Dobrovolska-Zavadska Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire/Flag of France.svg France 25 September 187831 October 1954GeneticistSur la mortification spontanée de la queue chez la souris nouveau-née et sur l'existence d'un caractère (facteur) héréditaire "non-viable"
Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski Flag of Poland.svg Poland 6 June 187227 April 1954GeophysicistHistoria naturalna lodu
Oles Donchenko  [ uk ]Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 19 August 190212 April 1954WriterStar Fortress
Alfred Martin Duggan-Cronin Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland/Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa 17 May 187425 August 1954Photographer
Carl Eldh Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 10 May 187326 January 1954Sculptor The Branting Monument
Enrico Fermi Flag of Italy.svg Italy/Flag of the United States.svg USA 29 September 190128 November 1954Physicist Publications
Arthur Fickenscher Flag of the United States.svg United States 9 March 188515 April 1954Composer and academicWillowwood
Bud Fisher Flag of the United States.svg United States 3 April 18857 September 1954Cartoonist Mutt and Jeff
Constantin Font  [ fr ]Flag of France.svg France 11 January 189025 January 1954Painter
Miles Franklin Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia 14 October 187919 September 1954Writer My Brilliant Career
Wilhelm Furtwängler Flag of Germany.svg Germany 25 January 188630 November 1954Conductor, composer Symphony No. 2
Jacques Gachot Flag of Germany.svg Germany/Flag of France.svg France 11 January 188515 December 1954Painter Paintings by Jacques Gachot
Nina Genke-Meller Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 19 March 189325 August 1954PainterSuprematist Composition
E. Ray Goetz Flag of the United States.svg United States 12 June 188612 June 1954Composer, lyricist"For Me and My Gal"
Lil Green Flag of the United States.svg United States 22 December 190114 April 1954Singer, songwriter"Why Don't You Do Right?", "Romance in the Dark"
W. J. Gruffydd Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 14 February 188129 September 1954Writer, scholarLyrics
Heinz Guderian Flag of Germany.svg Germany 17 June 188814 May 1954Military officer, writer Achtung – Panzer! , Panzer Leader
Niqula Haddad Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon 18781954Writer
Thea von Harbou Flag of Germany.svg Germany 27 December 18881 July 1954Writer, film director List of works by Thea von Harbou
Jack Harvey Flag of the United States.svg United States 16 September 18819 November 1954Film director A Dog's Love
Ferenc Herczeg Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary 22 September 186324 February 1954Writer A Gyurkovics-lányok
James Hilton Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 9 September 190020 December 1954Writer Goodbye, Mr. Chips , Lost Horizon
Ludwik Hirszfeld Flag of Poland.svg Poland 5 August 18847 March 1954MicrobiologistÜber Vererbung gruppenspezifischer Strukturen des Blutes
Earnest Hooton Flag of the United States.svg United States 20 November 18873 May 1954Anthropologist, cartoonistUp From The Ape
Ostap Hrytsai  [ uk ]Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine/Flag of Germany.svg Germany 2 November 18817 May 1954Writer, translatorThe Escape of Oleksa Perkhun
Raymond Hubbell Flag of the United States.svg United States 1 June 187913 December 1954Composer, lyricist"Poor Butterfly"
Ivan Ilyin Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire/Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland 9 April 188321 December 1954Philosopher Resistance to Evil By Force  [ ru ]
Charles Ives Flag of the United States.svg United States 20 October 187419 May 1954Composer List of compositions by Charles Ives
Ayaz İshaki Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire/Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 22 February 187822 July 1954Writer Mullah's Wife  [ tt ]
Norbert Jacques Flag of Germany.svg Germany 6 June 188015 May 1954Writer Dr. Mabuse
Hans Janowitz Flag of Germany.svg Germany 2 December 189025 May 1954Screenwriter The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
Arthur Johnston Flag of the United States.svg United States 10 January 18981 May 1954Composer"Cocktails for Two", "Pennies from Heaven"
Frida Kahlo Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 6 July 190713 July 1954Painter List of paintings by Frida Kahlo
Mikhas Klimkovich Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus 20 November 18995 November 1954Poet"My Belarusy"
Vincas Krėvė-Mickevičius Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania 19 October 188217 July 1954Writer, politician Skirgaila
Kalki Krishnamurthy Flag of India.svg India 9 September 18995 December 1954Writer Ponniyin Selvan
Zygmunt Kurczyński  [ pl ]Flag of Poland.svg Poland 2 April 188611 March 1954SculptorGrave of Tadeusz Rutowski
Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels Flag of Austria.svg Austria 17 September 187420 April 1954Political theorist Ostara
Henri Laurens Flag of France.svg France 18 February 18855 May 1954Sculptor L'Amphion
Alphonse Laverrière Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland 16 May 187211 March 1954Architect Bois-de-Vaux Cemetery
Édouard Le Roy Flag of France.svg France 18 June 187010 November 1954Philosopher, mathematicianLes Origines humaines et l'évolution de l'intelligence
Alain LeRoy Locke Flag of the United States.svg United States 13 September 18859 June 1954Writer The New Negro
Pyotr Leshchenko Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire/Flag of Romania.svg Romania 14 June 189816 July 1954Singer Heart
Achille Longo Flag of Italy.svg Italy 28 March 190028 May 1954Composer Compositions
Gino Loria Flag of Italy.svg Italy 19 May 186230 January 1954Mathematician Books
Auguste Lumière Flag of France.svg France 19 October 186210 April 1954Film director Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory
Wincenty Lutosławski Flag of Poland.svg Poland 6 June 186328 December 1954PhilosopherThe Polish Nation
Jan Maklakiewicz Flag of Poland.svg Poland 24 November 18998 February 1954ComposerCagliostro in Warsaw
Ivan Malozyomov  [ uk ]Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 8 October 189919 November 1954ArchitectInteriors of Derzhprom
William March Flag of the United States.svg United States 18 September 189315 May 1954Writer Company K
Santiago Martínez Delgado Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 19061954Painter, sculptor, art historianMural at the Colombian Capitol
Henri Matisse Flag of France.svg France 31 December 18693 November 1954Painter, sculptor List of works by Henri Matisse
Joe May Flag of the United States.svg United States 7 November 188029 April 1954Film director Stuart Webbs
George McManus Flag of the United States.svg United States 23 January 188422 October 1954Cartoonist Bringing Up Father
Emilis Melngailis Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia/Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 15 February 187410 December 1954Composer Maija (Turaidas roze)
Mihri Müşfik Hanım Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 26 February 18861954Painter
Zofia Nałkowska Flag of Poland.svg Poland 10 November 188417 December 1954Writer Medallions
Herms Niel Flag of Germany.svg Germany 17 April 188816 July 1954Composer"Erika"
Aleksandr Orlov Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 6 April 188028 January 1954AstronomerSelected works in 3 volumes
Yukio Ozaki Flag of Japan.svg Japan 24 December 18586 October 1954PoliticianThe Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan
Auguste Perret Flag of France.svg France 12 February 187425 February 1954Architect Théâtre des Champs-Élysées
Washington Phillips Flag of the United States.svg United States 11 January 188020 September 1954Singer List of songs recorded by Washington Phillips
Dimitrie Pompeiu Flag of Romania.svg Romania 4 October 18738 October 1954MathematicianSur la continuité des fonctions de variables complexes
Fred Raymond Flag of Austria.svg Austria 20 April 190010 January 1954Composer"I Lost My Heart in Heidelberg", Maske in Blau
Yuri Repin  [ fr ]Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire/Flag of Finland.svg Finland 10 April 18779 August 1954PainterTyurenchen. Eternal life in a glorious death
Grantland Rice Flag of the United States.svg United States 1 November 188013 July 1954SportswriterSongs of the Stalwart
Fred Rose Flag of the United States.svg United States 24 August 18981 December 1954Songwriter"Be Honest with Me"
Leon Schiller Flag of Poland.svg Poland 14 March 188725 March 1954Screenwriter Pastorale (play)  [ pl ]
Dmytro Sheludko  [ de ]Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine/Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria 21 September 18925 August 1954Diplomat, literary scientistZur Geschichte des Natureinganges bei den Trobadors
C. Fox Smith Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 1 February 18828 April 1954WriterAll the Way Round: Sea Roads to Africa
Oscar Straus Flag of Austria.svg Austria 6 March 187011 January 1954Composer Ein Walzertraum
Ionel Teodoreanu Flag of Romania.svg Romania 6 January 18973 February 1954Writer La Medeleni
Lucien Tesnière Flag of France.svg France 13 May 18936 December 1954LinguistElements of Structural Syntax
Jan Tokarzewski-Karaszewicz Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine/Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 24 June 188518 November 1954Diplomat, heraldistDiariy Getmana Pylypa Orlika
Alan Turing Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 23 June 19127 June 1954Mathematician Turing's proof
William Van Alen Flag of the United States.svg United States 10 August 188324 May 1954Architect Chrysler Building
Getúlio Vargas Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil 19 April 188224 August 1954Politician Carta Testamento
Dziga Vertov Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 2 January 189612 February 1954Film director Man with a Movie Camera
Adrien Voisard-Margerie  [ fr ]Flag of France.svg France 28 April 186720 July 1954Painter Taureaux à l'abreuvoir
Mykhailo Vozniak  [ de ]Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 3 October 188120 November 1954Literary scholarHistory of Ukrainian literature
Hermann Wolfgang von Waltershausen Flag of Germany.svg Germany 12 October 188214 June 1954Composer Oberst Chabert
Clara Westhoff Flag of Germany.svg Germany 21 September 18789 March 1954SculptorBust of Paula Modersohn-Becker
Eduard Wiiralt Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia 20 March 18988 January 1954Graphic artist Hell
Chester Wilmot Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia 21 June 191110 January 1954War Correspondent The Struggle for Europe
Hella Wuolijoki Flag of Finland.svg Finland 22 July 18862 February 1954Writer Entäs nyt, Niskavuori?
Yuriy Yanovskyi Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 27 August 190225 February 1954Writer The Horseriders  [ uk ]
Francis Brett Young Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 29 June 188428 March 1954Writer List of novels of Francis Brett Young
Zhang Shichuan Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 18901954Film director Laborer's Love

Entering the public domain in the United States

In the United States, the copyright status of works extends for the life of the author or artists, plus 70 years. [3] [4] If the work is owned by a corporation, then the copyright extends 95 years. [5]

Due to the passing of the Copyright Term Extension Act (Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act) in 1998, no new works would enter the public domain in this jurisdiction until 2019. [6]

See also

References

  1. "EU Extends Copyright Term To 70 Years | Billboard". Billboard.biz. 2011-09-12. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  2. Directive 2006/116/EC
  3. "What Could Have Entered the Public Domain | Duke University School of Law".
  4. "S.505 - One Hundred Fifth Congress of the United States of America at the Session Session. An act to amend the provisions of title 17, United States Code, with respect to the duration of copyright, and for other purposes" (PDF). U.S. Copyright Office.
  5. "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States | Copyright Information Center".
  6. "United States Copyright Law". Archived from the original on 2014-08-01. Retrieved 2012-06-02.