2006 in public domain

When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. The following is a list of works that entered the public domain in 2006. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform.

Entered the public domain in countries with life + 70 years

With the exception of Belarus (Life + 50 years) and Spain (Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1987), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime. ^{[1] [2]} The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator that entered the public domain on January 1, 2006.

Names	Country	Birth	Death	Occupation	Notable work
Lewis Grassic Gibbon	United Kingdom	13 February 1901	7 February 1935	novelist.	A Scots Quair , Spartacus
Ioan Bianu	Romania	1856	13 February 1935	philologist and bibliographer.	Bibliografia Românească veche (1508–1830), Catalogul manuscriselor românești din Biblioteca Academiei
Vernon Lee	United Kingdom	14 October 1856	13 February 1935	writer of supernatural fiction, essayist on aesthetics.	Studies of the Eighteenth Century in Italy, Euphorion: Being Studies of the Antique and the Mediaeval in the Renaissance
Tsubouchi Shōyō	Japan	22 May 1859	28 February 1935	playwright, novelist, translator	Kiri Hitoha (A Paulownia Leaf), Hototogisu Kojō no Rakugetsu (The Sinking Moon over the Lonely Castle Where the Cuckoo Cries)
Edwin Arlington Robinson	United States	22 December 1869	6 April 1935	playwright, poet	Children of The Night , The Man Who Died Twice
Anna Katharine Green	United States	11 November 1846	11 April 1935	detective novelist, poet	The Leavenworth Case , Marked "Personal"
Panait Istrati	Romania	10 August 1884	16 April 1935	short story writer	Les Récits d'Adrien Zograffi (The Stories of Adrian Zografi), Adolescence d'Adrien Zograffi (Adolescence of Adrian Zografi)
T. E. Lawrence	United Kingdom	16 August 1888	19 May 1935	autobiographer	Seven Pillars of Wisdom , The Mint
Kaitarō Hasegawa	Japan	17 January 1900	29 June 1935	novelist, translator	Jappu shobai orai (A Jap Businessman's Guide), Tange Sazen
George William Russell	Ireland	10 April 1867	17 July 1935	poet, painter, literary critic, writer on mysticism	Candle of Vision: Autobiography of a Mystic, The National Being: Some Thoughts on an Irish Polity
William Watson	United Kingdom	2 August 1858	11 August 1935	poet	The Purple East: A Series Of Sonnets On England's Desertion of Armenia, The Superhuman Antagonists and Other Poems
Charlotte Perkins Gilman	United States	3 July 1860	17 August 1935	novelist, short story writer, magazine editor	The Yellow Wallpaper , Herland
Henri Barbusse	France	17 May 1873	30 August 1935	novelist, short story writer, poet	Under Fire , Hell
Iván Persa	Slovenia	2 April 1861	26 September 1935	religious writer	Od vnouge i velke miloscse i pomoucsi szvétoga skapulera
Winifred Holtby	United Kingdom	2 April 1898	29 September 1935	novelist, poet, non-fiction writer	South Riding , Women and a changing civilization
Steele Rudd	Australia	14 November 1868	11 October 1935	short story writer, novelist	On Our Selection , The Romance of Runnibede
Ella Loraine Dorsey	United States	2 March 1853	3 November 1935	writer of young adult fiction, translator, encyclopedia contributor	The Knickerbocker Ghost, The Tsar's Horses
Mary R. P. Hatch	United States	19 June 1848	28 November 1935	novelist, poet	The Upland mystery : a tragedy of New England, The bank tragedy : a novel
Louise Manning Hodgkins	United States	5 August 1846	28 November 1935	educational writer, editor, historian on religious history	A Guide to the study of nineteenth century authors, Via Christi : an introduction to the study of missions
Mary G. Charlton Edholm	United States	28 October 1854	29 November 1935	journalist, editor, non-fiction writer on sex trafficking	The Traffic in Girls and Florence Crittenton Missions, Shall our Women Vote?
Fernando Pessoa	Portugal	13 June 1888	30 November 1935	poet, literary critic, translator, philosopher	Mensagem , The Book of Disquiet
Stanley G. Weinbaum	United States	4 April 1902	14 December 1935	science fiction writer	A Martian Odyssey , Valley of Dreams
Lizette Woodworth Reese	United States	9 January 1856	17 December 1935	poet	A Victorian Village: Reminiscences of Other Days, The Old House in the Country
Kurt Tucholsky	Germany	9 January 1890	21 December 1935	political writer, satirist, essayist	Rheinsberg , Schloss Gripsholm
Clarence Day	United States	18 November 1874	28 December 1935	comic writer, cartoonist	Life with Father , God and my Father

Entered the public domain in countries with life + 50 years

In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, Canada, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay; a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.

Names	Country	Birth	Death	Occupation	Notable work
Fik Abbing  [ nl ]	Netherlands	8 May 1901	12 August 1955	Painter, Illustrator	Works
Dmytro Abramovych	Soviet Union	7 August 1873	4 March 1955	Historian, writer	Kyiv Caves Patericon (editor)
Eugene Agafonoff  [ uk ]	Russian Empire United States	2 October 1879	20 April 1955	Painter	Portrait of B. K. Rudniev
James Agee	United States	27 November 1909	16 May 1955	Novelist, Journalist, Poet, Screenwriter	A Death in the Family , Let Us Now Praise Famous Men
Silvio D'Amico	Italy	3 February 1887	1 April 1955	Theatre theorist
Opanas Andriievskyi  [ de ]	Ukraine	1878	16 May 1955	Politician	Ukrainian Nationalism, 1917—1919
Viktor Averin  [ uk ]	Soviet Union	18 October 1885	27 December 1955	Zoologist	On the ornithology of the Kharkov province
Ruby M. Ayres	United Kingdom	28 January 1881	14 November 1955	Romance novelist	Richard Chatterton, V.C., Castles in Spain, and other books
Johannes Baader	Germany	21 June 1875	14 January 1955	Writer, Artist, Architect
Lloyd Bacon	United States	4 December 1889	15 November 1955	Actor, Film director	Filmography as director
Guido Battelli  [ de ]	Italy	24 September 1869	13 April 1955	Writer	Works
Leonid Biletskyi  [ uk ]	Ukraine Canada	17 June 1882	5 February 1955	Literary scholar	Fundamentals of the Ukrainian Literary and Scholarly Criticism
Yulii Brashchaiko  [ pl ]	Ukraine Soviet Union	19 April 1879	9 October 1955	Politician	What I saw in Transcarpathia from 1918 to 1946
Gilbert Cannan	United Kingdom	25 June 1884	30 June 1955	Novelist, dramatist	The Release of the Soul, Windmills: A Book of Fables
Dale Carnegie	United States	24 November 1888	1 November 1955	Writer on self-help	How to Win Friends and Influence People , How to Stop Worrying and Start Living
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin	France	1 May 1881	10 April 1955	Jesuit priest, Scientist, Paleontologist, Theologian, Philosopher	The Phenomenon of Man , Writings in Time of War
Beatrice Chase	United Kingdom	5 July 1874	3 July 1955	Novelist, religious writer, photographer	The Voice of the River, The Heart of the Moor
Eugenio Cirese  [ it ]	Italy	21 February 1884	8 February 1955	Poet	Works
Paul Claudel	France	6 August 1868	23 February 1955	Poet, Dramatist	The Satin Slipper , Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher , and other works
Robert P. T. Coffin	United States	18 March 1892	20 January 1955	Poet, literary critic, editor	The Dukes of Buckingham, Playboys of the Stuart World, Red Sky in the Morning
Jim Corbett	British India	25 July 1875	19 April 1955	Naturalist, writer	Man-Eaters of Kumaon
Donald Corley	United States	8 June 1886	11 December 1955	Short story author, illustrator, architect
Alfredo Cuscinà  [ it ]	Italy	30 November 1881	30 March 1955	Composer	Main operettas
William C. deMille	United States	25 July 1878	5 March 1955	Screenwriter, Film director	Filmography
Pavlo Dolyna  [ uk ]	Soviet Union	12 November 1884	15 September 1955	Director	Storm
Isaak Dunayevsky	Soviet Union	30 January 1900	25 July 1955	Composer	Wide is My Motherland , Moya Moskva
Mykola Duzhyi  [ uk ]	Ukraine Soviet Union	13 December 1901	18 May 1955	Politician, essayist	The ideological and political face of VKP(b) and VLKSM
Mary Tracy Earle	United States	21 October 1864	7 September 1955	Short story writer, essayist, librarian	The Wonderful Wheel, Through Old Rose Glasses
Albert Einstein	Germany United States	14 March 1879	18 April 1955	Theoretical physicist	Scientific publications, The Evolution of Physics , The Meaning of Relativity
George Enescu	Romania	19 August 1881	4 May 1955	Composer	Compositions
Adalbert Erdeli	Soviet Union Ukraine Hungary	25 May 1891	19 September 1955	Painter, sculptor	River in Uzhhorod
Concha Espina	Spain	15 April 1879	19 May 1955	Writer	Bibliography
Émile Fabre	France	24 March 1869	25 September 1955	Playwright	Plays
Joseph Jefferson Farjeon	United Kingdom	4 June 1883	6 June 1955	Novelist, Playwright, Screenwriter	Number 17 , The Z Murders , and other works
Nicolai Fechin	Russian Empire United States	8 December 1881	5 October 1955	Painter	Portrait of Jack Hunter
Sári Fedák	Hungary	27 September 1899	5 May 1955	Singer
Alexander Fleming	United Kingdom	6 August 1881	11 March 1955	Physician	On the Antibacterial Action of Cultures of a Penicillium (...)
José Ortega y Gasset	Spain	9 May 1883	18 October 1955	Philosopher, Essayist	The Revolt of the Masses , The Dehumanization of Art , and other works
Calouste Gulbenkian	Armenia United Kingdom	23 March 1869	20 July 1955	Businessman, philantropist	La Transcaucasie et la péninsule d'Apchéron; souvenirs de voyage
Rodolfo Graziani	Italy	11 August 1882	11 January 1955	General	Books
Yurii Hoida  [ uk ]	Soviet Union	15 March 1919	2 June 1955	Writer, translator	Hungarian Melodies
Constance Holme	United Kingdom	7 October 1880	17 June 1955	Novelist, playwright	The Old Road from Spain, The Wisdom of the Simple and Other Stories
Arthur Honegger	Switzerland	10 March 1892	27 November 1955	Composer	Compositions
Clemence Housman	United Kingdom	23 November 1861	6 December 1955	Author
María Izquierdo	Mexico	30 October 1902	2 December 1955	Painter
Herbert Stanley Jevons	UK	8 October 1875	27 June 1955	Economist
James P. Johnson	United States	1 February 1894	17 November 1955	Composer, pianist	Charleston
Emma Jung	Switzerland	30 March 1882	27 November 1955	Psychologist, writer	Animus and Anima
Mihály Károlyi	Hungary	4 March 1875	19 March 1955	Politician	Memoirs: Faith without Illusion
Stepan Kolesnikoff	Russian Empire Yugoslavia	23 July 1879	27 May 1955	Painter, sculptor	On the Seashore
Nikolay Krylov	Soviet Union	29 November 1879	11 May 1955	Mathematician	Les Méthodes de Solution Approchée des Problèmes de la Physique Mathématique
Bohdan Kryzhanivskyi  [ uk ]	Soviet Union	24 August 1894	20 April 1955	Composer	Danylo Halytskyi
Fernand Léger	France	4 February 1881	17 August 1955	Painter, Sculptor, Filmmaker
Anastasiia Levytska  [ uk ]	Soviet Union	16 November 1899	6 November 1955	Singer
Roger Mais	Jamaica	11 August 1905	21 June 1955	Novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright	The Hills Were Joyful Together , Brother Man
Juliusz Makarewicz  [ pl ]	Poland	5 May 1875	20 April 1955	Lawyer	Prawo karne: wykład porównawczy z uwzględnieniem prawa obowiązującego w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Thomas Mann	Germany	6 June 1875	12 August 1955	Novelist, philosopher, essayist	Buddenbrooks , Doctor Faustus , and other works
Carl Milles	Sweden	23 June 1875	19 September 1955	Sculptor	Works
Carmen Miranda	Portugal Brazil	9 February 1909	5 August 1955	Singer	O Que É Que A Baiana Tem?
António Egas Moniz	Portugal	29 November 1874	13 December 1955	Neurologist	Prefrontal leucotomy. Surgical treatment of certain psychoses
Adrienne Monnier	France	26 April 1892	19 June 1955	Writer, publisher, translator	Souvenirs de Londres, Rue de l'Odéon
Luka Myshuha  [ uk ]	Ukraine United States	13 October 1887	8 February 1955	Historian, journalist	What Are the Courts Like Today in Ukraine?
Garegin Nzhdeh	Armenia	1 January 1886	21 December 1955	Statesman, writer	Pages from my diary, An open letter to the Armenian intelligentsia
Jaime Ovalle	Brazil	5 August 1894	9 September 1955	Composer	Works
Alexandros Papagos	Greece	9 December 1883	4 October 1955	General	The battle for Greece
Charlie Parker	United States	29 August 1920	12 March 1955	Saxophonist
Max Pechstein	Germany	31 December 1881	29 June 1955	Painter
Francesco Balilla Pratella	Italy	1 February 1880	17 May 1955	Composer	Selected Works
Herbert Putnam	United States	20 September 1861	14 August 1955	Librarian	Putnam Classification System
Mahammad Amin Rasulzade	Azerbaijan	31 January 1884	6 March 1955	Politician, playwright	Siyavush of our century
Oleksii Riabov  [ uk ]	Soviet Union	17 March 1899	18 December 1955	Composer	Wedding in Malinovka (operetta)  [ uk ]
Robert Riskin	United States	30 March 1897	20 September 1955	Screenwriter, Playwright	Bless You Sister, Many a Slip , and other films
Helena Roerich	Russia	12 February 1879	5 October 1955	Philosopher, writer	The Holy Scripture of Agni Yoga
Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria	Germany	18 May 1869	2 August 1955	General, prince	My War Diary
Ango Sakaguchi	Japan	20 October 1906	17 February 1955	Writer	Darakuron, Kazehakase
Volodymyr Savchenko-Bilskyi  [ de ]	Ukraine	14 July 1867	21 September 1955	Admiral	Military fleet of Ukraine
Nat Schachner	United States	16 January 1895	2 October 1955	Author and biographer	Space Lawyer
Charles Shaw	Australia	10 August 1900	1 August 1955	Detective novelist, short story writer	Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison and You're Wrong, Delaney
Robert E. Sherwood	United States	4 April 1896	14 November 1955	Screenwriter, playwright	Waterloo Bridge , Idiot's Delight
Nicolas de Staël	France	5 January 1914	16 March 1955	Painter
Rainer Stahel	Germany	15 January 1892	30 November 1955	General	Das 1. Lothringische Infanterie-Regiment Nr 130 (...)
Al. T. Stamatiad	Romania	9 May 1885	December 1955	Poet, short story writer, dramatist, translator	Noapte, Cetatea cu porțile închise
Wallace Stevens	United States	2 October 1879	2 August 1955	Modernist poet	The Auroras of Autumn , Harmonium , The Man with the Blue Guitar
Yves Tanguy	France	5 January 1900	15 January 1955	Painter	Paintings
Yevgeny Tarle	Soviet Union	27 October 1874	6 January 1955	Historian	Napoleon's Invasion of Russia, 1812
Tin Ujević	Croatia	5 July 1891	12 November 1955	Poet	Mrsko ja, Ispit savjesti, and other works
Maurice Utrillo	France	26 December 1883	5 November 1955	Painter
Edouard Verschaffelt  [ fr ]	Belgium	1874	1955	Painter
Anwar Wagdi	Egypt	11 October 1904	14 May 1955	Director	The Flirtation of Girls
Léon Werth	France	17 February 1878	13 December 1955	Writer	Books
Hermann Weyl	Germany	9 November 1885	8 December 1955	Mathematician, Theoretical physicist, Philosopher	Bibliography
Alexander Wienerberger	Austria	8 December 1891	5 January 1955	Photographer, engineer	Photographic evidence of Holodomor
Andrii Yakovliv  [ pl ]	Ukraine	11 December 1872	14 May 1955	Politician, lawyer	Ukrainian-Muscovite Treaties of the 17th–18th Centuries

Entering the public domain in the United States

See also: Public domain in the United States

In the United States, the copyright status of works extends for the life of the author or artists, plus 70 years. ^{[3] [4]} If the work is owned by a corporation, then the copyright extends 95 years. ^[5]

Due to the passing of the Copyright Term Extension Act (Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act) in 1998, no new works would enter the public domain in this jurisdiction until 2019. ^[6]

See also

• 1905 in literature, 1935 in literature and 1955 in literature for deaths of writers
• Public Domain Day
• Creative Commons

References

1. "EU Extends Copyright Term To 70 Years | Billboard". Billboard.biz. 2011-09-12. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
2. Directive 2006/116/EC
3. "What Could Have Entered the Public Domain | Duke University School of Law".
4. "S.505 - One Hundred Fifth Congress of the United States of America at the Session Session. An act to amend the provisions of title 17, United States Code, with respect to the duration of copyright, and for other purposes" (PDF). U.S. Copyright Office.
5. "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States | Copyright Information Center".
6. "United States Copyright Law". Archived from the original on 2014-08-01. Retrieved 2012-06-02.