2026 in public domain

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Worldwide map of copyright term length World copyright terms.svg
Worldwide map of copyright term length

When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. The following is a list of creators whose works entered the public domain in 2026 under common copyright regimes. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform.

Contents

Entering the public domain in countries with life + 50 years

In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, New Zealand and Uruguay; a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.

NamesCountryDeathOccupationNotable work
John Akar Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone 23 June 1975Entertainer, writer, diplomat High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free
Leroy Anderson Flag of the United States.svg United States 18 May 1975Composer Sleigh Ride , Blue Tango , The Typewriter , The Syncopated Clock
Ivo Andrić Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia 13 March 1975Writer, Poet The Bridge on the Drina
Pablo Antonio Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines 14 June 1975Architect Ideal Theater, Life Theater, White Cross Orphanage, Capitan Luis Gonzaga Building
Hannah Arendt Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany
Flag of the United States.svg United States
4 December 1975Writer, Political philosopher The Human Condition , Eichmann in Jerusalem
Mikhail Bakhtin Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 7 March 1975Philosopher Works
Thomas Hart Benton Flag of the United States.svg United States 19 January 1975Painter
James Blish Flag of the United States.svg United States 30 July 1975Writer Cities in Flight , Star Trek novelizations
Arthur Bliss Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 27 March 1975Composer Compositions
Tim Buckley Flag of the United States.svg United States 29 June 1975Guitarist, Singer, Songwriter Discography
Chiang Kai-shek Flag of the Republic of China.svg Republic of China 5 April 1975 President of the Republic of China China's Destiny (中國之命運)
Luigi Dallapiccola Flag of Italy.svg Italy 19 February 1975Composer Compositions
Lefty Frizzell Flag of the United States.svg United States 19 July 1975Singer, Songwriter Discography
Konstantine Gamsakhurdia Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia 17 July 1975Writer The Right Hand of the Grand Master
Fernando Guillén Martínez Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 30 April 1975Journalist, historian, essayistEstructura histórica, social y política de Colombia
Bernard Herrmann Flag of the United States.svg United States 24 December 1975Composer Film scores
Edna Mayne Hull Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 20 January 1975SF authorPlanets for Sale
Julian Huxley Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 14 February 1975Evolutionary biologist Works
Rowland V. Lee Flag of the United States.svg United States 21 December 1975Director, Actor, Screenwriter, Producer
Murray Leinster Flag of the United States.svg United States 8 June 1975Writer Bibliography
Herbert List Flag of Germany.svg Germany 4 April 1975Photographer Collection at Deutsche Fotothek
Donal R. Michalsky  [ nl ]Flag of the United States.svg United States 31 December 1975ComposerFanfare after 17th Century Dances
Elijah Muhammad Flag of the United States.svg United States 25 February 1975Leader of the Nation of Islam Message to the Blackman in America
Efraín Orozco Morales Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 27 August 1975Musician, composer"El Regreso"
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh 15 August 1975Politician Books
Jacqueline Nova Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 13 June 1975Musician, composer
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Flag of India.svg India 17 April 1975Philosopher, President of India The Dhammapada , The Principal Upanishads
Alfred Hamish Reed Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 15 January 1975Writer, publisherThe Gumdiggers: The Story of Kauri Gum
Luis Ariel Rey Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 31 May 1975Musician, songwriter
Maria Elizabeth Rothmann Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa 7 September 1975AuthorKinders van die Voortrek
Nora Sanderson Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 2 March 1975Romance writerHospital in New Zealand
Rod Serling Flag of the United States.svg United States 28 June 1975Screenwriter, Playwright, Television producer The Twilight Zone
R. C. Sherriff Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 13 November 1975Playwright, writer Journey's End , The Hopkins Manuscript
Dmitri Shostakovich Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 9 August 1975Composer Compositions
Noble Sissle Flag of the United States.svg United States 17 December 1975Jazz composer, Lyricist Shuffle Along , I'm Just Wild About Harry
Christopher Strachey Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 18 May 1975Computer scientist CPL , Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages
Bill Sutch Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 28 September 1975EconomistPoverty and Progress in New Zealand, The Quest for Security in New Zealand
Alejandro Tovar Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 23 February 1975Musician, composer"Pachito Eché"
Arnold J. Toynbee Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 22 October 1975Historian A Study of History
Thornton Wilder Flag of the United States.svg United States 7 December 1975Playwright, Novelist The Bridge of San Luis Rey , Our Town
P. G. Wodehouse Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 14 February 1975Playwright, Novelist Bibliography
Fritz Wotruba Flag of Austria.svg Austria 28 August 1975Sculptor Wotruba Church
Giselda Zani Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay 1975Poet, short story writer, criticLa costa despierta
Roger Lescot Flag of France.svg France 1975Orientalist, diplomat, researcher of Kurdish Textes Kurdes

Entering the public domain in countries with life + 60 years

In Bangladesh, India, and Venezuela a work enters the public domain 60 years after the creator's death.

NamesCountryDeathOccupationNotable work
Ahn Eak-tai Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 16 September 1965Composer Aegukga , Symphonic Fantasy Korea
Winston Churchill Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 24 January 1965 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The Second World War , A History of the English-Speaking Peoples
Maria Dąbrowska Flag of Poland.svg Poland 19 May 1965Writer
T. S. Eliot Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom,
Flag of the United States.svg United States
4 January 1965Poet, Essayist, Playwright Works
Park Su-geun Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 6 May 1965PainterWoman Pounding Grain (절구질하는 여인), A Wash Place (빨래터), Old Tree and Woman (고목과 여인)
Syngman Rhee Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 19 July 1965 President of South Korea The Spirit of Independence (독립정신)
Yoon Yong-ha  [ ko ]Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 23 July 1965ComposerBarley Field (보리밭), The Leaf Boat (나뭇잎 배), Gwangbokjeol song (광복절 노래)

Entering the public domain in countries with life + 70 years

The literature of Thomas Mann entered the public domain in Europe in 2026. He is also part of the first wave of authors to enter the public domain in Australia in twenty years. Thomas Mann 1929.jpg
The literature of Thomas Mann entered the public domain in Europe in 2026. He is also part of the first wave of authors to enter the public domain in Australia in twenty years.

With the exception of Belarus (Life + 50 years) and Spain (which has a copyright term of Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1987), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime. For previously unpublished material, those who publish it first will have the publication rights for 25 years. The same term applies in much of South America, and parts of western Africa. As such, the works of all authors who died in 1955 entered the European public domain in 2026.

2026 marks the first year since 2005 that works entered the public domain in Australia, which changed its copyright term length from a "plus 50" law to a "plus 70" law in 2004, as stated in Australia's own section below.

One of the most significant authors whose works entered the European public domain in 2026 is German writer Thomas Mann, whose novels ( Buddenbrooks , Doctor Faustus , and others) are known for their high symbolism and their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual. Other notable examples of authors whose works entered the public domain include French writer Léon Werth, Italian writer Guido Battelli, British writer Clemence Housman, American writers James Agee (the author of A Death in the Family ) and Dale Carnegie (the author of How to Win Friends and Influence People ), Space Lawyer author Nat Schachner, poets Wallace Stevens and Paul Claudel, Swiss composer Arthur Honegger, Italian composer Francesco Balilla Pratella, Russian composer Isaak Dunayevsky, "Charleston" writer James P. Johnson, American film director Lloyd Bacon and screenwriters William C. deMille and Robert Riskin, and French artists Yves Tanguy and Fernand Léger. The works of Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset also entered the public domain in European countries other than his native Spain. The publications of physicist Albert Einstein, physician Sir Alexander Fleming, mathematician Hermann Weyl, and economist Herbert Stanley Jevons additionally entered the public domain.

Entering the public domain in countries with life + 80 years

Spain has a copyright term of life + 80 years for creators that died before 1987. In Colombia and Equatorial Guinea, a work enters the public domain 80 years after the creator's death.

NamesCountryDeathOccupationNotable work
Fulgencio García Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 4 March 1945Musician, composer"La Gata Golosa"
Andrés de Santa Maria Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 29 April 1945PainterEn la Playa de Macuto
Ignacio Zuloaga Flag of Spain.svg Spain 24 June 1945Painter

Australia

In 2004 copyright in Australia changed from a "plus 50" law to a "plus 70" law, in line with the United States and the European Union. But the change was not made retroactive (unlike the 1995 change in the European Union which brought some (British and possibly other) authors back into copyright, especially those who died from 1925 to 1944). Hence, the work of an author who died before 1955 is normally in the public domain in Australia; but the copyright of authors was extended to 70 years after death for those who died in 1955 or later. 2026 was the first year since 2005 that new Australian authors came out of copyright, [1] with those who died in 1955. Specific Australian authors whose works entered the public domain this year include writer Charles Shaw and artists John Radecki and Antonio Dattilo Rubbo.

Canada

In 2022, copyright in Canada changed from a "plus 50" law to a "plus 70" law, in line with the United States and the European Union. But the change, like Australia's before it, was not made retroactive. [2] [3] No more new Canadian authors will come out of copyright until 1 January 2043 (those who died in 1972). Crown copyright was not changed, thus any government works published in 1974 entered the public domain in 2025. [4]

United States

As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner As I Lay Dying (1930 1st ed jacket cover).jpg
As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner

Under the Copyright Term Extension Act, books published in 1930, films released in 1930, and other works published in 1930, entered the public domain in 2026. [5] [6] Unpublished works whose authors died in 1955 also entered the public domain. [5]

The major works of literature that entered the public domain in 2026 are William Faulkner's novel As I Lay Dying , Dashiell Hammett's The Maltese Falcon as a complete novel, Agatha Christie's first Miss Marple novel The Murder at the Vicarage , the original edition of the first Nancy Drew mystery story The Secret of the Old Clock by pseudonymous author Carolyn Keene, the first Elson-Gray Readers books featuring Dick and Jane by William S. Gray, Noël Coward's play Private Lives , T. S. Eliot's poem "Ash Wednesday", Evelyn Waugh's novel Vile Bodies , John Dos Passos' novel The 42nd Parallel (part of his U.S.A. trilogy), Edna Ferber's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel Cimarron , Dorothy L. Sayers' crime novel Strong Poison , J. B. Priestly's novel Angel Pavement , Olaf Stapledon's science fiction novel Last and First Men , Sigmund Freud's book Civilization and Its Discontents in its original German, W. Somerset Maugham's novel Cakes and Ale , Bertrand Russell's The Conquest of Happiness , and the children's books The Little Engine That Could by Watty Piper, Swallows and Amazons by Arthur Ransome, and The Cat Who Went to Heaven by Elizabeth Coatsworth. [7]

Other notable literary works of fiction that entered the public domain include Christie's other novels The Mysterious Mr. Quin and Giant's Bread (the latter of which she wrote pseudonymously as "Mary Westmacott"); The Documents in the Case co-written by Sayers and Robert Eustace; John Dickson Carr's first detective novel It Walks By Night ; the mystery and crime novels Mystery Mile by Margery Allingham, The French Powder Mystery by Ellery Queen, Enter the Saint by Leslie Charteris, and The Door by Mary Roberts Rinehart; the original serialized version of Max Brand's Destry Rides Again ; the dramas The Green Pastures by Marc Connelly, Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny and The Decision by Bertolt Brecht (the former co-written with Kurt Weill) in their original German, The Human Voice by Jean Cocteau in its original French, and The Barretts of Wimpole Street by Rudolf Besier; the children's books The Tale of Little Pig Robinson by Beatrix Potter and The Yellow Knight of Oz by Ruth Plumly Thompson; Nancy Drew's next three stories The Hidden Staircase , The Bungalow Mystery , and The Mystery at Lilac Inn ; The Hardy Boys' story The Great Airport Mystery ; Hart Crane's long poem "The Bridge"; the Collected Poems of Robert Frost ; W. H. Auden's first major poetry collection, simply called Poems ; [8] and the first English translations of Franz Kafka's The Castle and Hermann Sudermann's The Excursion to Tilsit . Notable nonfiction entrants to the public domain include William Empson's Seven Types of Ambiguity (a foundational work of literary criticism), Ronald Fisher's The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection , The Lives of a Bengal Lancer by Francis Yeats-Brown, Memoirs of an Infantry Officer by Siegfried Sassoon, and The Mysterious Universe by James Jeans. [8] He Done Her Wrong , a wordless graphic novel by Milt Gross, also entered the public domain.

The 1930 film adaptation of All Quiet on the Western Front, the third film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture, entered the United States public domain in 2026. All Quiet on the Western Front (1930 film) poster.jpg
The 1930 film adaptation of All Quiet on the Western Front , the third film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture, entered the United States public domain in 2026.

Significant films that entered the public domain in 2026 include the following: [7] [8]

The 1931 films Little Caesar , directed by Mervyn LeRoy and starring Robinson as the titular gangster, and Cimarron , the adaptation of Ferber's novel and the year's Best Picture Academy Award winner, entered the public domain in 2026 instead of 2027 because they were released so early in the year that they carry 1930 copyright registrations instead. [9]

Dave Fleischer's cartoons Dizzy Dishes and Hot Dog , the respective debuts of Betty Boop and Bimbo, entered into the public domain. The 1930 Mickey Mouse cartoons entered the public domain this year as well, bringing with them the design of Pluto, who entered the public domain through his debut appearance in The Chain Gang (where he was an unnamed prison guard dog), and his second appearance as "Rover" (owned by Minnie Mouse) in The Picnic . [a] Also entering the public domain were the Disney studio's second year of Silly Symphony shorts, and an Ub Iwerks cartoon character created independently of Disney: Flip the Frog, whose debut film Fiddlesticks was the first sound cartoon in color. The initial week of the Mickey Mouse comic strip [b] and the first appearances of Chic Young's Blondie also entered the public domain, [c] [7] as did Hergé's first Quick & Flupke comic strips and the full album version of his Tintin in the Land of the Soviets , the character's debut story, in its original French black-and-white version (accompanied by part of the serialized version of Tintin in the Congo ). [8]

Notable popular songs that entered the public domain in 2026 include "Dream a Little Dream of Me", which spawned 400 recorded versions and was a signature song for Mama Cass; Johnny Green's song "Body and Soul", the most recorded jazz standard of all time; George and Ira Gershwin's songs "Embraceable You", "But Not for Me" and "I Got Rhythm", the last of which introduced the "rhythm changes" which became a foundational jazz chord progression; Hoagy Carmichael's song "Georgia on My Mind", which was Ray Charles' signature song and is the state song of Georgia; "Get Happy", the first hit from songwriter Harold Arlen; Jimmy McHugh's song "On the Sunny Side of the Street"; Cole Porter's song "Love for Sale"; Rodgers and Hart's songs "Ten Cents a Dance" and "Dancing on the Ceiling"; Walter Donaldson's songs "Little White Lies", "You're Driving Me Crazy", and "My Baby Just Cares for Me" (the last of which was made famous later by Nina Simone); Howard Dietz and Arthur Schwartz's song "Something to Remember You By"; "Fine and Dandy"; "Someday I'll Find You"; "Three Little Words"; "Please Don't Talk About Me When I'm Gone"; "Sing, You Sinners"; "Cheerful Little Earful"; "Would You Like to Take a Walk?"; and "It Happened in Monterey". The first English translation of "Just a Gigolo" and John Philip Sousa's march The Royal Welch Fusiliers also entered the public domain. Some songs introduced in films became public domain as well: the entry of The Blue Angel brought along Dietrich's signature song "Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)", that of Monte Carlo brought along the song "Beyond the Blue Horizon" as sung by MacDonald, and that of The Big Pond brought along the songs "Livin' in the Sunlight, Lovin' in the Moonlight" and "You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me". [7] [8]

Sound recordings that were published in 1925 entered the public domain, [5] including Marian Anderson's recording of "Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen"; the song "Saint Louis Blues" as recorded by Bessie Smith and Louis Armstrong; the first recordings of the songs "Yes Sir, That's My Baby", "Sweet Georgia Brown", "Fascinating Rhythm", "I'll See You in My Dreams", "Everybody Loves My Baby", "Manhattan", [7] "Remember", "If You Knew Susie", "Tea for Two", "Oh, How I Miss You Tonight", and "Dinah"; and the first recordings of the jazz standards "Davenport Blues" and "Indian Love Call". [8]

Among the well-known works of art entering the public domain were Piet Mondrian's painting Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow , Paul Klee's painting Animal Friendship, Sophie Tauber-Arp's Composition of Circles and Overlapping Angles, Theo van Doesburg's Simultaneous Counter-Composition, the design of the Jules Rimet Cup, Edward Steichen's photograph Fashion for Vogue, [7] Edward Weston's photograph Pepper No. 30 , Martin Munkácsi's photograph Three Boys at Lake Tanganyika , and Ansel Adams' photobook Taos Pueblo . On the other hand, José Clemente Orozco's painting Prometheus and Grant Wood's painting American Gothic were already in the public domain; the former was published without a copyright notice, and the latter had a notice but was not renewed. [7]

See also

Notes

  1. Mickey's ownership of the bloodhound character will not enter the public domain until 2027, through the short The Moose Hunt .
  2. The rest of Mickey's comic strips from 1930 were not renewed properly; the same also applies to his strips from 1931. Since Clarabelle Cow was introduced in the strip before debuting in animation in The Shindig , she was already in the public domain as a result of that.
  3. In Young's first Blondie comics, the title character was a flapper, and Dagwood was the young heir to a railway company. Many strips from later in the decade where Dagwood's obsession with sandwiches was established did not seem to have their copyrights properly renewed and may or may not be public domain already, although Duke University School of Law has stated the renewals from 1935 may count, but the idea of a character's fixation with food may be uncopyrightable. Furthermore, King Features Weekly was not started until May 4, 1933, so any subsequent strips beyond the first up to that date (including those where Dagwood and Blondie married) were not renewed and are undoubtedly public domain. [10]

References

  1. "How long does copyright last?". National Library of Australia . Archived from the original on 20 December 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  2. "An Act to implement certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on April 7, 2022 and other measures". Parliament of Canada. 2022-06-23. Archived from the original on 2023-01-01. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  3. "PC Number: 2022-1219". Government of Canada. 2022-11-17. Archived from the original on 2022-11-28. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  4. "Crown Copyright - FAQ". Government of Canada. www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 Hirtle, Peter B. (3 January 2020). "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States". Cornell University Library Copyright Information Center. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  6. "Copyright and the Public Domain". Public Domain Information Project. Archived from the original on 2014-08-01. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jenkins, Jennifer. "January 1, 2026 is Public Domain Day: Works from 1930 are open to all, as are sound recordings from 1925!". Duke University School of Law – Duke Center for the Study of the Public Domain.
  8. Library of Congress. Copyright Office. (1958). Catalog of Copyright Entries, Third Series. Parts 12-13: Motion Pictures and Filmstrips Jan-Dec 1958: Vol 12 No 1-2. United States Copyright Office. U.S. Govt. Print. Off. The films' registrations are on pages 34 and 36 of the catalog.
  9. https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/cinfo/kingfeatilluswk