2012 Myanmar by-elections

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2012 Myanmar by-election
Flag of Myanmar.svg
  2010 1 April 2012 2015  

40 (of the 440) seats to the Pyithu Hluttaw (House of Representatives)
6 (of the 224) seats to the Amyotha Hluttaw (House of Nationalities)
2 seats to Regional Parliaments
 First partySecond partyThird party
  TheinSeinASEAN.jpg Aung San Suu Kyi 17 November 2011.jpg Noimage.png
Leader Thein Sein Aung San Suu Kyi Sai Ai Pao
Party USDP NLD SNDP
Leader since2 June 2010 (2010-06-02)27 September 1988 (1988-09-27)8 April 2010 (2010-04-08)
Leader's seatDid not contest Kawhmu (Pyithu)Did not contest
Seats before260 R / 128 N 0 R / 1 N 18 R / 3 N
Seats after220 R / 123 N 37 R / 5 N 18 R / 4 N
Seat changeDecrease2.svg40 R / Decrease2.svg5 N Increase2.svg37 R / Increase2.svg4 N Steady2.svg R / Increase2.svg1 N

05-Sector Map Gov IFES Political Party Result of Pyithu Hluttaw-2010 MIMU1248v03 26Jan2016 A3.pdf 07-Sector Map Gov IFES Political Party Result of Amyotha Hluttaw-2010 MIMU1248v03 26Jan2016 A3.pdf
Results of the election in the Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw in the 2010 General Election and by-elections up to December 2014.
A woman places her ballot into the Pyithu Hluttaw representative election box in the April by-elections. Burma By-Election 2012.JPG
A woman places her ballot into the Pyithu Hluttaw representative election box in the April by-elections.

The 2012 Myanmar by-elections were held on 1 April 2012. [1] The elections were held to fill 48 vacant parliamentary seats. [2] [3] Three of those remained vacant as polling in three Kachin constituencies was postponed. [4] There was no plan to fill the additional five seats cancelled in the 2010 election and one seat vacated after the death of a RNDP member. [5]

Contents

The main opposition party National League for Democracy was re-registered for the by-elections on 13 December 2011 as part of the reforms in Burma since 2010. It won in 43 of the 44 seats they contested (out of 45 available). [6] Its leader Aung San Suu Kyi ran for the seat of Kawhmu, [7] and won.

Changes during the term of office

House of Representatives

House of Nationalities

Election observers

In February 2012, President Thein Sein remarked that the government would "seriously consider" allowing Southeast Asian observers from the Association of South East Asian Nations to observe the election. [10] The Burmese government confirmed that it had requested for ASEAN election observers to arrive on 28 March, five days before the election. [11] Canada, United States, European Union, China, and North Korea, as well as ASEAN dialogue partners (India, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Russia and Australia), were also invited to observe the election, although it remained unclear the degree of access these international observers were to have. [12] [13] The United States sent two election observers and three journalists. [14]

On 13 March 2012, the Union Election Commission approved political party monitors to monitor polling stations during the election. [15] In the previous election, only Union Solidarity and Development Party monitors had been allowed to observe the elections and ballot counts. [15] A civilian-led monitoring group, including members of the 88 Generation Students Group, also scrutinised election irregularities. [16]

On 28 March 2012, Canada's Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade sent a delegation consisting of Senator Consiglio Di Nino and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Foreign Affairs Deepak Obhrai. [17]

Pre-election controversies

Aung Din of the US Campaign for Burma said that the Burmese government was exploiting the elections to have international economic sanctions lifted as quickly as possible, since a free and transparent election had been one of the conditions set by the European Union and American governments. [12] Moreover, the National League for Democracy has pointed out irregularities in voter lists and rule violations by local election committees. [18] On 21 March 2012, Aung San Suu Kyi was quoted as saying "Fraud and rule violations are continuing and we can even say they are increasing." [18]

With regard to the invitations of international election observers, a US State Department spokesperson said that the Burmese government fell short of expectations to accommodate observers during the entirety of the campaign season (as typically done), which is nearing the end, as a select number of observers were allowed only to observe the election: [19] [20]

"...it does fall short of international complete transparency on an election, and we hope they’ll continue to keep the system open, and open it further... A full-scale international observation effort would typically include quite a bit of pre-Election Day observation, systematic coverage on Election Day, post-election follow-up, and professional monitors from non-governmental organisations."

Asian Network for Free Elections (ANFREL), a Bangkok-based election monitoring organisation, has publicly called the election observations inadequate, failing to meet international standards, being too restrictive (only two observers are allowed per government, or five for ASEAN nations), and coming too late (invitations were sent less than two weeks before the election date), all of which make it logistically impossible to monitor all 48 polling stations. [21] On 20 March 2012, Somsri Hananuntasuk, executive director of ANFREL, was deported from Yangon, purportedly for entering the country on a tourist visa. [22]

On 23 March 2012, the three by-elections in Kachin State, namely in the constituencies of Mogaung, Hpakant and Bhamo Townships, were postponed due to the security situation there. [4] [23]

Two days before the by-elections, at press conference, Suu Kyi remarked that the voter irregularities were "beyond what is acceptable for democratic elections," said she did not consider the campaign "genuinely free and fair" and referred to acts of intimidation (such as stone-throwing incidents and vandalism) toward party members. [24] [25] On 1 April, the opposition National League for Democracy alleged irregularities, claiming that ballot sheets had been tampered to allow the election commission to cancel the vote for Suu Kyi's party. [26]

Two Australian MPs (Janelle Saffin and Mathias Cormann), who were selected to observe the by-elections as part of Australia's monitoring team, were denied visas to enter the country. [27]

Aftermath

Much of the international reaction on the by-elections revolved around the sanctions imposed by Western countries (including the United States, Australia, and the European Union). President Thein Sein and the Burmese government were eager to work with Aung San Suu Kyi to remove these measures. [28]

President Thein Sein remarked that the by-elections were conducted "in a very successful manner." [29]

The Union Solidarity and Development Party said it would lodge official complaints to the Union Election Commission on poll irregularities, voter intimidation, and purported campaign incidents that involved National League for Democracy members and supporters. [30] [31] The National League for Democracy also sent an official complaint to the commission, regarding ballots that it claimed had been tampered with wax. [32]

In response to the by-elections, a Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman said: [33]

China has noted that some Western countries have said they will lift sanctions on Myanmar. China has had a consistent stance on this issue. We welcome moves by these countries to lift sanctions on Myanmar and call on all parties to fully lift sanctions on Myanmar as soon as possible.

ASEAN leaders, including those from Cambodia, Malaysia, and Indonesia, called for the immediate removal of sanctions. [34] Singapore's Prime Minister said the following: "President Thein Sein has been much bolder than many observers have expected. ASEAN is happy that Myanmar has been able to take these steps forward." [35] Australia's foreign minister, Bob Carr, said the Australian government was planning to loosen sanctions, but not abolish them altogether. [36]

US Senator John McCain, who had met with Aung San Suu Kyi in January 2012, said: [37] [38]

We should now work with our many international partners to begin the process of easing sanctions on Burma. This will be a gradual and incremental process, and the U.S. Congress will have a critical role to play.

On 4 April 2012, the Obama administration announced that it would nominate an ambassador to the country and ease some travel and finance restrictions, without specifying a time table. [39] Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said of the elections: [40]

The results of the April 1st parliamentary by-elections represents a dramatic demonstration of popular will that brings a new generation of reformers into government. This is an important step in the country’s transformation, which in recent months has seen the unprecedented release of political prisoners, new legislation broadening the rights of political and civic association, and fledgling process in internal dialogue between the government and ethnic minority groups.

To normalise diplomatic relations between the countries, she also said that following the nomination of an ambassador, the US would establish USAID mission in Burma, ease restrictions on export of finance services and developmental assistance and facilitate travel for some government officials, although targeted sanctions toward "individuals and institutions that remain on the wrong side of these historic reform efforts" would remain in place. [40] A few sanctions (in the financial, agriculture, tourism and telecommunications sectors), are directly controlled by the executive branch, but most of the imposed sanctions were legislated by Congress, and were to take a lengthy process to remove. [41] On 6 April 2012, the Obama administration nominated Derek Mitchell, who was then serving as the American special envoy to Burma, as United States Ambassador to Burma. [42]

The European Union, which had already eased some sanctions and travel restrictions (including on Thein Sein), agreed to review travel bans and asset freezes on individuals tied to the previous ruling junta, the State Peace and Development Council on 23 April 2012. [43] UK Foreign Secretary William Hague suggested that easing of restrictions would be contingent on the release of political prisoners and further progress. [44]

Other scholars noted that the by-elections, which were a relatively minor event, given the number of seats at stake, were not as defining and important as other steps toward national reconciliation. [45] Some called removal of sanctions premature, while others considered sanctions ineffective in the reform process. [45]

Results

House of Nationalities

Six of the 224 seats in the Amyotha Hluttaw (House of Nationalities) were up for election. A by-election was not held in one remaining vacant seat, with this seat instead continuing to remain vacant until the 2015 General Election.[ citation needed ]

PartyVotesVotes %Seats WonSeats %ChangeSeats BeforeSeats After [46]
National League for Democracy 466.6Increase2.svg 41 [note 1] 5
Union Solidarity and Development Party 116.7Decrease2.svg 5128 [note 2] 123
National Unity Party 00Steady2.svg
Kokang Democracy and Unity Party 00Steady2.svg
Lahu National Development Party 00Steady2.svg
Shan Nationalities Democratic Party 116.7Increase2.svg 134
Unity and Peace Party00Steady2.svg
Vacant00Steady2.svg1 [note 2] 1
Total1006100224224
Source: ALTSEAN Burma

House of Representatives

37 of the 440 seats in the Pyithu Hluttaw (House of Representatives) were up for election. By-elections were not held in seven remaining vacant seats, with these seats instead continuing to remain vacant until the 2015 General Election.[ citation needed ]

House of Representatives by-elections, 2012
PartySeatsGainsLossesNet gain/lossSeats %Votes %Votes+/−
  NLD 37Increase2.svg 37Steady2.svgIncrease2.svg 3792.5
  USDP 0Steady2.svgDecrease2.svg 40Decrease2.svg 400
  NUP 0Steady2.svgSteady2.svgSteady2.svg0
  NDF 0Steady2.svgSteady2.svgSteady2.svg0
  NNDP 0Steady2.svgSteady2.svgSteady2.svg0
  MNC 0Steady2.svgSteady2.svgSteady2.svg0
  AMRDP 0Steady2.svgSteady2.svgSteady2.svg0
  DP 0Steady2.svgSteady2.svgSteady2.svg0
  PNO 0Steady2.svgSteady2.svgSteady2.svg0
  UMFNP 0Steady2.svgSteady2.svgSteady2.svg0
  MPP 0Steady2.svgSteady2.svgSteady2.svg0
  Independent 0Steady2.svgSteady2.svgSteady2.svg0
 Vacant due to postponement3Increase2.svg 3Steady2.svgIncrease2.svg 37.5
Total40100100
Source: ALTSEAN Burma

State and Regional Hluttaws

2 of the 860 seats in the State and Regional Hluttaws were up for election.

Regional Parliaments by-elections, 2012
PartySeatsGainsLossesNet gain/lossSeats %Votes %Votes+/−
  NLD 2Increase2.svg 2Steady2.svgIncrease2.svg 2100
  USDP 0Steady2.svgDecrease2.svg 2Decrease2.svg 20
Total2100
Source: [48]

By Constituency

House of Nationalities (Amyotha Hluttaw)

Sagaing № 3
CandidatePartyVotes%
Myint Naing National League for Democracy 169,72769.72
Tin Maung Win Union Solidarity and Development Party 55,77122.91
Bo Myint Aung National Unity Party 13,8985.71
U Hla San Shan Nationalities Democratic Party 4,0531.66
Total243,449100.00
Valid votes243,44991.68
Invalid/blank votes22,1068.32
Total votes265,555100.00
Registered voters/turnout424,20662.60
Source: UEC
Sagaing № 7
CandidatePartyVotes%
Tin Mya Union Solidarity and Development Party 70,48151.10
Chit Han National Unity Party 39,28528.48
Mar Kyin Shan Nationalities Democratic Party 28,16720.42
Total137,933100.00
Valid votes137,93390.91
Invalid/blank votes13,7879.09
Total votes151,720100.00
Registered voters/turnout146,502103.56
Source: UEC
Bago № 7
CandidatePartyVotes%
Min Oo National League for Democracy 81,86775.11
Than Than Nwe Union Solidarity and Development Party 27,12424.89
Total108,991100.00
Valid votes108,99193.17
Invalid/blank votes7,9866.83
Total votes116,977100.00
Registered voters/turnout177,37865.95
Source: UEC
Magway № 4
CandidatePartyVotes%
Aung Kyi Nyunt National League for Democracy 76,76765.57
Maung Maung Win Union Solidarity and Development Party 33,38928.52
Maung Win (Aung Win) National Unity Party 5,4044.62
Aung Than TinUnity and Peace Party1,5081.29
Total117,068100.00
Valid votes117,06891.98
Invalid/blank votes10,2088.02
Total votes127,276100.00
Registered voters/turnout174,67972.86
Source: UEC
Shan № 3
CandidatePartyVotes%
Sai Sam Min Shan Nationalities Democratic Party 47,42029.08
Sai Myint Maung National League for Democracy 45,72228.03
Nang Keng Phawng Tip Union Solidarity and Development Party 45,71128.03
Luo Xingguang (Law Shin Kwan) Kokang Democracy and Unity Party 17,88910.97
Yaw Thup Lahu National Development Party 6,3503.89
Total163,092100.00
Valid votes163,09291.30
Invalid/blank votes15,5328.70
Total votes178,624100.00
Registered voters/turnout299,75559.59
Source: UEC
Ayeyarwady № 10
CandidatePartyVotes%
Thein Swe National League for Democracy 136,41368.61
Aye Kyaing Union Solidarity and Development Party 49,65024.97
Mahn Thein Hla National Unity Party 8,7284.39
U Kyaw LinModern People's Party4,0242.02
Total198,815100.00
Valid votes198,81592.71
Invalid/blank votes15,6447.29
Total votes214,459100.00
Registered voters/turnout339,63263.14
Source: UEC

House of Representatives (Pyithu Hluttaw)

Sagaing
CandidatePartyVotes%
Khin Maung Thein National League for Democracy 95,36976.52
Soe Naing Union Solidarity and Development Party 29,26623.48
Total124,635100.00
Valid votes124,63593.14
Invalid/blank votes9,1766.86
Total votes133,811100.00
Registered voters/turnout201,50266.41
Source: UEC
Pale
CandidatePartyVotes%
Khin San Hlaing National League for Democracy 43,94667.70
Htay Naing Union Solidarity and Development Party 20,13331.02
Hein Htet AungPeople's Democracy Party8311.28
Total64,910100.00
Valid votes64,91092.45
Invalid/blank votes5,2987.55
Total votes70,208100.00
Registered voters/turnout93,36075.20
Source: UEC
Mingin
CandidatePartyVotes%
Khin Hmway Lwin National League for Democracy 27,98256.43
San Win Union Solidarity and Development Party 19,77939.89
Htay Aung National Unity Party 1,8283.69
Total49,589100.00
Valid votes49,58993.94
Invalid/blank votes3,1996.06
Total votes52,788100.00
Registered voters/turnout67,10678.66
Source: UEC
Kyunsu
CandidatePartyVotes%
Tin Tin Yi National League for Democracy 35,96569.95
Chit Than Union Solidarity and Development Party 15,44830.05
Total51,413100.00
Valid votes51,41390.10
Invalid/blank votes5,6479.90
Total votes57,060100.00
Registered voters/turnout75,79875.28
Source: UEC
Launglon
CandidatePartyVotes%
Aung Soe National League for Democracy 36,86582.24
Sein Maung Union Solidarity and Development Party 7,96117.76
Total44,826100.00
Valid votes44,82692.96
Invalid/blank votes3,3937.04
Total votes48,219100.00
Registered voters/turnout57,03484.54
Source: UEC
Taungoo
CandidatePartyVotes%
Aung Soe Myint National League for Democracy 78,95672.38
Wai Wai Tha Union Solidarity and Development Party 26,90824.67
Win Tun National Democratic Force 3,2182.95
Total109,082100.00
Valid votes109,08293.83
Invalid/blank votes7,1716.17
Total votes116,253100.00
Registered voters/turnout164,47770.68
Source: UEC
Htantabin
CandidatePartyVotes%
Sein Htun National League for Democracy 30,38768.12
Kyaw Kyaw Oo Union Solidarity and Development Party 10,96424.58
Tin Win National Unity Party 2,5165.64
Thet OoUnity and Peace Party7441.67
Total44,611100.00
Valid votes44,61192.60
Invalid/blank votes3,5637.40
Total votes48,174100.00
Registered voters/turnout71,82767.07
Source: UEC
Letpadan
CandidatePartyVotes%
Kyaw Min National League for Democracy 54,52780.23
Aung Thein Union Solidarity and Development Party 9,42513.87
Win Hlaing National Unity Party 2,6273.87
Nan Kyu Than Win National Democratic Force 1,3882.04
Total67,967100.00
Valid votes67,96792.10
Invalid/blank votes5,8337.90
Total votes73,800100.00
Registered voters/turnout118,81262.11
Source: UEC
Thanatpin
CandidatePartyVotes%
Myint Oo National League for Democracy 36,41676.63
Sein Htoo Union Solidarity and Development Party 9,11419.18
Than Hlaing National Unity Party 1,9914.19
Total47,521100.00
Valid votes47,52191.74
Invalid/blank votes4,2808.26
Total votes51,801100.00
Registered voters/turnout94,55454.78
Source: UEC
Pakokku
CandidatePartyVotes%
Paik Ko National League for Democracy 108,68178.02
Kyaw Tint Union Solidarity and Development Party 30,61221.98
Total139,293100.00
Valid votes139,29392.33
Invalid/blank votes11,5647.67
Total votes150,857100.00
Registered voters/turnout193,37578.01
Source: UEC
Pwintbyu
CandidatePartyVotes%
Aung Myo Nyo National League for Democracy 55,33669.87
Tint Lwin Union Solidarity and Development Party 20,86926.35
Kyaw Ma SoeLeague of National Political Alliances1,5381.94
Tint Lwin National Unity Party 1,4581.84
Total79,201100.00
Valid votes79,20193.04
Invalid/blank votes5,9266.96
Total votes85,127100.00
Registered voters/turnout113,05375.30
Source: UEC
Magway
CandidatePartyVotes%
Myint Thein National League for Democracy 95,88572.59
Aung Thein Kyaw Union Solidarity and Development Party 29,81522.57
Hla Myint National Unity Party 3,8272.90
Kyaw Sein Han National Democratic Force 2,5701.95
Total132,097100.00
Valid votes132,09794.44
Invalid/blank votes7,7755.56
Total votes139,872100.00
Registered voters/turnout179,35877.98
Source: UEC
Myaing
CandidatePartyVotes%
Myint Aung National League for Democracy 75,06574.70
Kyaw Myint Than Union Solidarity and Development Party 25,42825.30
Total100,493100.00
Valid votes100,49392.45
Invalid/blank votes8,2127.55
Total votes108,705100.00
Registered voters/turnout158,08068.77
Source: UEC
Yezagyo
CandidatePartyVotes%
Tin Htay Aung National League for Democracy 71,35268.38
Bo Win Union Solidarity and Development Party 29,83328.59
Han Shin WinIndependent3,1623.03
Total104,347100.00
Valid votes104,34792.00
Invalid/blank votes9,0708.00
Total votes113,417100.00
Registered voters/turnout143,55179.01
Source: UEC
Zabuthiri
CandidatePartyVotes%
Sanda Min National League for Democracy 23,28556.68
Win Htay Union Solidarity and Development Party 17,79643.32
Total41,081100.00
Valid votes41,08196.16
Invalid/blank votes1,6413.84
Total votes42,722100.00
Registered voters/turnout53,26180.21
Source: UEC
Dekkhinathiri
CandidatePartyVotes%
Naing Ngan Lin National League for Democracy 7,49163.83
Maung Shein Union Solidarity and Development Party 4,24536.17
Total11,736100.00
Valid votes11,73692.37
Invalid/blank votes9697.63
Total votes12,705100.00
Registered voters/turnout16,93175.04
Source: UEC
Pobbathiri
CandidatePartyVotes%
Phyo Zeya Thaw National League for Democracy 23,65154.52
Tha Htay Union Solidarity and Development Party 19,17044.19
Lwin Myint ThanIndependent5571.28
Total43,378100.00
Valid votes43,37892.94
Invalid/blank votes3,2937.06
Total votes46,671100.00
Registered voters/turnout56,94181.96
Source: UEC
Ottarathiri
CandidatePartyVotes%
Min Thu National League for Democracy 15,17859.49
Hla Thein Swe Union Solidarity and Development Party 9,09235.64
Kyi Myint National Unity Party 1,2424.87
Total25,512100.00
Valid votes25,51292.16
Invalid/blank votes2,1717.84
Total votes27,683100.00
Registered voters/turnout37,93572.97
Source: UEC
Tada-U
CandidatePartyVotes%
Khin Thanda National League for Democracy 37,33762.75
Aung Mon Union Solidarity and Development Party 20,48734.43
Nan Htaik Zaw National Democratic Force 1,1051.86
San HtunUnity and Peace Party5690.96
Total59,498100.00
Valid votes59,49889.97
Invalid/blank votes6,63310.03
Total votes66,131100.00
Registered voters/turnout93,63470.63
Source: UEC
Kyaukpadaung
CandidatePartyVotes%
Zaw Myint Maung National League for Democracy 85,91071.61
Aung Win Kyi Union Solidarity and Development Party 34,05328.39
Total119,963100.00
Valid votes119,96391.86
Invalid/blank votes10,6318.14
Total votes130,594100.00
Registered voters/turnout206,00763.39
Source: UEC
Natogyi
CandidatePartyVotes%
Paw Khin National League for Democracy 44,70364.00
Soe Naing Win Union Solidarity and Development Party 23,45233.57
Aung Than National Unity Party 1,6952.43
Total69,850100.00
Valid votes69,85089.78
Invalid/blank votes7,95410.22
Total votes77,804100.00
Registered voters/turnout141,01055.18
Source: UEC
Maha Aungmye
CandidatePartyVotes%
Ohn Kyaing National League for Democracy 78,43689.54
Than Htun Union Solidarity and Development Party 6,7857.75
Tun Kyi National Unity Party 1,1711.34
Than Thing OoPeople's Democracy Party4280.49
Hla Ko National Democratic Force 4050.46
Sein HlaIndependent1910.22
Nyunt OoIndependent1060.12
Kyaw KyawIndependent760.09
Total87,598100.00
Valid votes87,59895.33
Invalid/blank votes4,2944.67
Total votes91,892100.00
Registered voters/turnout131,56769.84
Source: UEC
Meiktila
CandidatePartyVotes%
Win Htein National League for Democracy 62,09852.10
Hla Myint Union Solidarity and Development Party 48,06740.33
Myint Myint AyeIndependent6,3785.35
Win ZanUnion of Myanmar Federation of National Politics2,6502.22
Total119,193100.00
Valid votes119,19389.61
Invalid/blank votes13,81410.39
Total votes133,007100.00
Registered voters/turnout207,40064.13
Source: UEC
Pyinoolwin
CandidatePartyVotes%
Kyaw Thiha National League for Democracy 54,32761.40
Khin Maung Win Union Solidarity and Development Party 34,15138.60
Total88,478100.00
Valid votes88,47893.78
Invalid/blank votes5,8706.22
Total votes94,348100.00
Registered voters/turnout133,80570.51
Source: UEC
Mawlamyine
CandidatePartyVotes%
Khin Htay Kywe National League for Democracy 71,48072.91
Tin Soe Moe Naing Union Solidarity and Development Party 19,64820.04
Myint Myint WaiAll Mon Region Democracy Party4,8244.92
Aung Than Oo National Unity Party 2,0822.12
Total98,034100.00
Valid votes98,03494.27
Invalid/blank votes5,9645.73
Total votes103,998100.00
Registered voters/turnout101,735102.22
Source: UEC
Kawhmu
CandidatePartyVotes%
Aung San Suu Kyi National League for Democracy 55,90285.38
Soe Min Union Solidarity and Development Party 9,17214.01
Tin YiUnity and Peace Party3970.61
Total65,471100.00
Valid votes65,47196.18
Invalid/blank votes2,5993.82
Total votes68,070100.00
Registered voters/turnout87,71677.60
Source: UEC
Dagon Seikkan
CandidatePartyVotes%
Myo Aung National League for Democracy 36,12675.18
Aung Win Union Solidarity and Development Party 10,36521.57
Win Myint National Unity Party 4971.03
Kyi Myint National Democratic Force 4901.02
Win ShweNew National Democracy Party2250.47
Tin AungMyanmar National Congress1850.38
Myo NyuntPeople's New Democratic Party1660.35
Total48,054100.00
Valid votes48,05494.95
Invalid/blank votes2,5545.05
Total votes50,608100.00
Registered voters/turnout81,58462.03
Source: UEC
Mayangon
CandidatePartyVotes%
May Win Myint National League for Democracy 60,21677.54
Ye Htut Union Solidarity and Development Party 14,47518.64
Khin Hlaing (Zawtika)Independent1,2431.60
Khin Phyu Phyu Nyein National Democratic Force 1,1621.50
Ye Min Thein (Yatha)New National Democracy Party4140.53
Hayma HtayMyanmar National Congress1490.19
Total77,659100.00
Valid votes77,65996.51
Invalid/blank votes2,8113.49
Total votes80,470100.00
Registered voters/turnout137,15058.67
Source: UEC
Mingala Taungnyunt
CandidatePartyVotes%
Phyu Phyu Thin National League for Democracy 55,81987.91
Lei Lei Aye Union Solidarity and Development Party 5,9779.41
Thu Wai Democratic Party 7981.26
Phone MyintNew National Democracy Party7651.20
Kaung Myint HtutMyanmar National Congress1400.22
Total63,499100.00
Valid votes63,49995.61
Invalid/blank votes2,9134.39
Total votes66,412100.00
Registered voters/turnout102,90864.54
Source: UEC
Hlegu
CandidatePartyVotes%
Phyo Min Thein National League for Democracy 63,60065.57
Aung Myat Thu Union Solidarity and Development Party 32,25233.25
Zin AungPeople's New Democracy Party1,1471.18
Total96,999100.00
Valid votes96,99993.41
Invalid/blank votes6,8426.59
Total votes103,841100.00
Registered voters/turnout151,40168.59
Source: UEC
Thongwa
CandidatePartyVotes%
Su Su Lwin National League for Democracy 44,88968.62
Aung Kyaw Min Union Solidarity and Development Party 18,00527.52
Kyi Than National Democratic Force 1,6122.46
Aung GyiPeople's New Democracy Party9141.40
Total65,420100.00
Valid votes65,42091.70
Invalid/blank votes5,9258.30
Total votes71,345100.00
Registered voters/turnout112,79063.25
Source: UEC
Kalaw
CandidatePartyVotes%
Daw Than Ngwe National League for Democracy 43,94059.04
Mya Win Union Solidarity and Development Party 17,90524.06
Khun Than Maung Pa-O National Organisation 10,25813.78
Khin Maung Hla National Unity Party 1,7112.30
Sao Tha Oo Shan Nationalities Democratic Party 6070.82
Total74,421100.00
Valid votes74,42192.35
Invalid/blank votes6,1677.65
Total votes80,588100.00
Registered voters/turnout98,39381.90
Source: UEC
Pathein
CandidatePartyVotes%
Win Myint National League for Democracy 109,32674.19
Aung Tin Myint Union Solidarity and Development Party 34,64523.51
Tin Win National Democratic Force 3,3882.30
Total147,359100.00
Valid votes147,35993.57
Invalid/blank votes10,1276.43
Total votes157,486100.00
Registered voters/turnout217,99672.24
Source: UEC
Maubin
CandidatePartyVotes%
Sein Win Han (Sein Win) National League for Democracy 69,01551.57
Myo Thant Tin Union Solidarity and Development Party 55,55841.52
Maung Maung Thin National Unity Party 4,2063.14
Khin Su Su Aung National Democratic Force 3,8582.88
Thein ShweModern People's Party1,1830.88
Total133,820100.00
Valid votes133,82091.17
Invalid/blank votes12,9578.83
Total votes146,777100.00
Registered voters/turnout202,95372.32
Source: UEC
Myaungmya
CandidatePartyVotes%
Mahn Johnny National League for Democracy 80,57365.14
Phyo Ko Ko Tint San Union Solidarity and Development Party 40,97333.12
Aung Myo Hlaing National Democratic Force 2,1481.74
Total123,694100.00
Valid votes123,69493.83
Invalid/blank votes8,1296.17
Total votes131,823100.00
Registered voters/turnout184,85671.31
Source: UEC
Myanaung
CandidatePartyVotes%
Kyaw Myint National League for Democracy 75,23175.01
Than Htut Union Solidarity and Development Party 21,60521.54
Win Hlaing National Unity Party 3,4613.45
Total100,297100.00
Valid votes100,29789.43
Invalid/blank votes11,85310.57
Total votes112,150100.00
Registered voters/turnout151,92273.82
Source: UEC
Wakema
CandidatePartyVotes%
Myint Myint San National League for Democracy 79,73364.28
Htun Aung Kyaw Union Solidarity and Development Party 32,37426.10
Than Aung National Unity Party 8,7077.02
Ri Ri SanModern People's Party3,2212.60
Total124,035100.00
Valid votes124,03591.72
Invalid/blank votes11,1908.28
Total votes135,225100.00
Registered voters/turnout184,96573.11
Source: UEC

Regional Parliaments

Bago Region Hluttaw's Kawa Township № 2 by-election, 2012
PartyCandidateVotes%
NLD Myo Khaing
USDP Aye Win
NUP Kyi Lwin
Total votes
Ayeyarwady Region Hluttaw's Yekyi Township № 2 by-election, 2012
PartyCandidateVotes%
NLD Hla Myat Thway
USDP Tin Soe
NUP Win Kyi
Total votes

See also

Notes

  1. In December 2011, Myat Nyana Soe (Rangoon Region constituency No. 4) left NDF and joined NLD. [47]
  2. 1 2 On 28 January 2012, Bogyi a.k.a. Aung Ngwe (USDP, Sagaing Division constituency 2) deceased and was not replaced. [9]

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