2020 Belizean general election

2020 Belizean general election

←  2015 11 November 2020 2025 →
All 31 seats in the House of Representatives 16 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	81.86% ( 9.17pp)
First party Second party   Leader Johnny Briceño Patrick Faber Party PUP UDP Last election 12 seats 19 seats Seats won 26 5 Seat change 14 14 Popular vote 88,040 57,374 Percentage 59.60% 38.84% Swing 11.83pp 11.68pp
Most voted-for party by constituency
Prime Minister before election Dean Barrow UDP Subsequent Prime Minister Johnny Briceño PUP

General elections were held in Belize on 11 November 2020 to elect the 31 members of the House of Representatives. ^[1] Nomination day was 21 October. ^[2]

The People's United Party achieved its first national election victory since 2003, winning 26 seats, while the incumbent United Democratic Party had its worst result since 1998, winning the remaining 5 seats. ^[3] Despite the effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and a recent tropical storm, election turnout was over 81%, the highest since 1998. ^[4]

The election also featured the first female party leader and Prime Ministerial candidate in Belizean general election history: Nancy Marin, leader of the Belize People's Front. ^[5]

Several high-profile MP's also chose not to contest the elections. The previous prime minister, Dean Barrow (UDP), was constitutionally required to step down after serving three terms in office; having been an MP since 1984, he also decided to retire from the House. His predecessor as prime minister, Said Musa (PUP), also chose to retire; Musa was the last remaining MP to have served before independence in 1981.

Date

The previous general elections were held on 4 November 2015, and the new National Assembly was opened on 13 November 2015. ^[6] According to Section 84 of the Constitution of Belize, the National Assembly must be dissolved "five years from the date when the two Houses of the former National Assembly first met" unless dissolved sooner by the Governor-General of Belize upon the advice of the prime minister. ^[7] A general election must be called within three months of a dissolution, which meant the latest possible date for the next Belizean general election would be 13 February 2021. ^[6]

Despite the five-year term, three of the last four general elections had been called at least a year early. Both Prime Minister Dean Barrow and the opposition People's United Party were on record supporting the reduction of the maximum term of the National Assembly to four years. ^[8]

Barrow initially stated his intention to retire as Prime Minister no later than the end of 2019, but changed his mind to stay on until 2020 at the urging of his Cabinet. However, he said that he would still retire as the United Democratic Party Leader at the party's national convention and leadership election, which was first tentatively scheduled for 9 February 2020. He strongly hinted at a snap election in early 2020. ^[9] But in May 2019, Barrow dismissed that remark and said that elections would be held in November 2020. ^[10]

On 5 October 2020, Barrow called the elections for 11 November, with Nominations Day on 21 October. The Writ of Election was formally filed by the Governor-General immediately afterwards. ^[2] He advised the Governor-General to dissolve the National Assembly on 6 October. ^[11]

The Belize Peace Movement (BPM), a civil society organisation, filed a court petition in December 2019 for a redistricting process to be held before the next elections. In the BPM's view, the district map in use did not reflect the distribution of the population, leading to unequal representation. As no action had been taken by the court before the election announcement on 6 October, the BPM filed for a Supreme Court injunction on 13 October to delay the election until this process could be completed. The PUP joined the case on the side of the government, arguing that they would lose their campaign money if the election were to be delayed. On 28 October, acting Chief Justice Michelle Arana ruled in favour of the Government: as the election process had already begun and the National Assembly had already been dissolved, the court did not have jurisdiction to intervene. ^[12]

During election week, Tropical Storm Eta led to flooding in parts of the country. While Barrow acknowledged that postponing the election would be possible (with the approval of the participating parties), he decided to stay with 11 November as there was no explicit provision for postponement in the Constitution. ^[13]

Debates

For the first time since 1998, ^[14] a Prime Ministerial debate was held, organized jointly by the Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BCCI), Galen University and LOVE FM. ^[15] It was scheduled for 28 October, and the rules and format were taken from the Jamaica Debates Commission. ^[16] The questions were submitted by a variety of local NGO's, business associations, and unions. As of 23 October, three of the four invited party leaders had announced their participation in the debate. ^[17] The remaining invitee, Johnny Briceño of the PUP, wanted to meet privately with the organizers before deciding to participate. The organizers had already released the debate rules publicly; since one of the rules prohibited private communication between the organizers and the participants, the organizers did not reply to the PUP. ^[16] Patrick Faber of the UDP then decided not to participate either. ^[18] In the end, the debate was held between Belize Progressive Party leader Patrick Rogers and Belize People's Front leader Nancy Marin. ^[19] The debate was livestreamed on each of the organizer's Facebook pages, attracting 33,500 viewers overall. ^[20]

At the constituency level, the Dangriga-based NGO "Citizens for Good Governance" (CGG) organized a debate on 3 November between the two challenger candidates, Louis Zabaneh (PUP) and John Suazo (BPF). The incumbent, Frank Mena (UDP), declined to participate. ^{[21] [22]} This debate was broadcast live on Dangriga Cable Vision (Channel 58). ^[23] It was also livestreamed from the Facebook pages of the CGG, Southern Belize Media, and Tropical Vision Limited. ^[24]

Background

Contesting parties

With the exception of the Belize Progressive Party, led by Patrick Rogers in the 2015 elections, all parties were contesting under first-time leaders.

Party		Position	Ideology	Leader (since)	Slogan and Manifesto	Campaign Song
	United Democratic Party (UDP)	Centre-right	Conservatism	Patrick Faber (October 2020)	"Because YOUR Future Matters" [25]	"Your Future Matters!" "Staying with the UDP" [26]
	People's United Party (PUP)	Centre to centre-left	Christian democracy Social democracy Nationalism	Johnny Briceño (January 2016)	"#PlanBelize" [27]	"Vote BLU, Everybody fi win" (Todos Ganamos)" [28]
	Belize Progressive Party (BPP)	Centre-left to left-wing	Social democracy Reformism Republicanism	Patrick Rogers (September 2015)	"Changing the system in Belize" [29]	"For Progress! BPP for Belize!" [30]
	Belize People's Front (BPF)	Centre to centre-left	Progressivism Christian democracy	Nancy Marin (October 2013)	"Breaking Corruption. Building a Nation." [31]	"Time fi mek di change" "BELIZE" [32]

UDP

The ruling United Democratic Party, in power since 2008, attempted to win a fourth consecutive general election. However, as the Constitution of Belize limits the Prime Minister to three terms in office, ^[33] the UDP needed to contest with a new leader. To this end, the incumbent UDP leader and Prime Minister Dean Barrow had stated his intention to step down from both posts in the months leading up to the election. The UDP tentatively scheduled a May 2019 convention to name Barrow's successor as party leader, ^[34] but in January 2019 the date was pushed back to February 2020. Deputy Prime Minister Patrick Faber and Belmopan Area Representative John Saldivar contested the position. Minister of Foreign Affairs and Pickstock Area Representative Wilfred Elrington had also been mentioned as a possible candidate, but did not stand in the convention. ^{[35] [36]}

On 9 February 2020, Saldivar was elected UDP leader over Faber, but three days later was forced to resign after allegations surfaced he accepted US$50,000 from accused fraudster Lev Dermen, who was on trial in Salt Lake City. Saldivar was also stripped of his Cabinet post. ^[37]

On 12 July 2020, a second leadership convention was held with Faber, Saldivar, and Elrington as candidates. This time, Faber won with a margin of 19 votes over Saldivar (286 to 267). Elrington received 10 votes. ^[38] Faber was formally inaugurated as party leader on 9 October, with Barrow continuing to serve as Prime Minister until the elections. ^[39]

PUP

Despite gains in Belize City in 2015, most notably Kareem Musa's upset win over Belize City Mayor Darrell Bradley in the Caribbean Shores constituency, the opposition PUP remained at 11 seats overall thanks to losses in the Cayo and Corozal Districts. For its leader, the PUP chose Johnny Briceño, who had served as Deputy Prime Minister in the previous PUP administration. ^[40] Francis Fonseca, who led the party during the past two general elections, resigned from leadership soon after the party's 2015 loss. Although Briceño served a previous term as PUP leader from 2008 to 2011, he had yet to lead the party during a general election. ^[41] Briceño, who represented a constituency in Orange Walk Town, was the first PUP member to lead the party in an election from outside Belize City. Belizean news sources pointed out that the PUP nominated only 2 female candidates out of 31 total, while the UDP had nominated 5. ^[42]

BPP

The Belize Progressive Party, which made its electoral debut in 2015 but failed to win any seats, announced its intention to contest nine seats, ^[43] of which they ultimately filed for eight.

BPF

The Belize People's Front, a progressive party, announced its intention to contest 17 seats, ^[44] of which they ultimately filed for 13. The party was founded in 2013, but this was its first general election. ^[45] BPF leader Nancy Marin was the first female political party leader in Belize. ^[42]

Retirements

The election was marked by several high-profile retirements. Fonseca had initially indicated that he would not stand in this election. ^[46] However, he decided to stay for the last time. Former PUP leader Said Musa also stood down from his seat in this election. Musa, who contested the Belize City-based Fort George constituency in every election since 1974, was the sole remaining House member from before Belize's 1981 independence from Great Britain. ^[47]

On the UDP side, former Deputy Prime Minister Gaspar Vega also announced that he would stand down. ^[48] Other announced UDP retirements include Barrow – who had served in the Belize House continuously since 1984 – and Michael Finnegan, who had been in office since 1993. Moses Barrow, Dean Barrow's son and Finnegan's nephew, was nominated to succeed Finnegan as the UDP standard bearer in the Mesopotamia constituency. ^[49] Veteran UDP Area Representative Wilfred Elrington also did not seek re-election. ^[50]

Candidates by district

Belize District

District	Division	UDP	PUP	BPP	BPF	Incumbent [51]
Belize	Freetown	Orson Jerome "OJ" Elrington	Francis Fonseca				Francis Fonseca
Belize	Caribbean Shores	Lee Mark Chang	Kareem David Musa				Kareem Musa
Belize	Pickstock	Anthony "Uncle Boots" Martinez	Anthony Robert Mahler	Patrick Raymond Rogers			Wilfred Elrington
Belize	Fort George	Melvin "Mello" Hewlett	Henry Charles Usher Sr.	William "Wil" Maheia			Said Musa
Belize	Albert	Tracy Ann Panton	Paul Adrian Thompson				Tracy Ann Panton
Belize	Queen's Square	Denise "Sista B" Barrow	Allan Pollard	Gary Matus			Dean Barrow
Belize	Mesopotamia	Shyne Barrow	(Dr.) Candice Pitts				Michael Finnegan
Belize	Lake Independence	Dianne "Miss D" Finnegan	Cordel Hyde				Cordel Hyde
Belize	Collet	Patrick Faber	Oscar "Polo" Arnold				Patrick Faber
Belize	Port Loyola	"Superman" Philip Willoughby	Gilroy Usher Sr.	"Boo Boo" Evan Thompson			Anthony Martinez
Belize	Belize Rural North	Edmond "Clear The Land" Castro	Marconi Prince Leal	Karen Sharon Banner			Edmond Castro
Belize	Belize Rural Central	Beverly Williams	Dolores Balderamos-Garcia	Lion Bennett	Luz Maria Hunter		Beverly Williams
Belize	Belize Rural South	Manuel Heredia	"Andre" Perez		Thomas Henry Greenwood Jr.		Junior Heredia

Corozal District

District	Division	UDP	PUP	BPP	BPF	Independents	Incumbent [51]
Corozal	Corozal Bay	Pablo Marin	David "Dido" Vega			Carlos Javier Sawers		Pablo Marin
Corozal	Corozal North	Hugo Patt	David Castillo		Alfonso Acosta			Hugo Amilcar Patt
Corozal	Corozal South East	Antonio "Tony" Herrera	Florencio Julian Marin Jr.	Edna Doris Diaz	Eloim Ellis			Florencio Julian Marin
Corozal	Corozal South West	Dr. Angel Campos	Ramiro Ramirez		Laurencio Lucio Bul			Angel Campos

Orange Walk District

District	Division	UDP	PUP	BPF	Incumbent [51]
Orange Walk	Orange Walk Central	Denni Grijalva	Johnny Briceño	Antonia Cruz Sanchez		Johnny Briceño
Orange Walk	Orange Walk North	Carlos Zetina	Ramon "Monchi" Cervantes	Marino Assi		Gaspar Vega
Orange Walk	Orange Walk East	Elodio "Son Of The East" Aragon Jr.	Kevin Bernard	Lorenzo Adrian "Andy" Aldana		Elodio Aragon Jr.
Orange Walk	Orange Walk South	Guadalupe "Lupe" Dyck Magaña	Jose Abelardo Mai	Eber Misael Herrador		Jose Abelardo Mai

Cayo District

District	Division	UDP	PUP	BPF	Independents	Incumbent [51]
Cayo	Cayo North	Omar Figueroa	Michel "Micho" Chebat	Kurt Mathew Lizarraga			Omar Figueroa
Cayo	Cayo Central	Rene Montero	Alex Balona				Rene Montero
Cayo	Cayo West	Erwin Rafael Contreras	Jorge "Milon" Espat	Eduardo Raul Ayala			Erwin Contreras
Cayo	Cayo South	Ramon Francisco Witz	Julius Espat				Julius Espat
Cayo	Cayo North East	John Francis August Jr.	Orlando "Landy" Habet	Nefretery "Nancy" Marin			Orlando Habet
Cayo	Belmopan	John Birchman Saldivar	Oscar Mira		Anna "ABG" Banner-Guy		John Saldivar

Stann Creek District

District	Division	UDP	PUP	BPP	BPF	Independents	Incumbent [51]
Stann Creek	Dangriga	Frank "Papa" Mena	"Dr. Zab" Louis Zabaneh		John Francis Suazo			Frank Mena
Stann Creek	Stann Creek West	Ivan Hilbert Williams	Rodwell Stephen Ferguson	Hubert Alexander McCaulay		Mateo Tomas Polanco Melvin Hulse		Rodwell Ferguson

Toledo District

District	Division	UDP	PUP	Independents	Incumbent [51]
Toledo	Toledo East	Dennis Garbutt	Michael Espat	Orlando Albert Muschamp		Mike Espat
Toledo	Toledo West	Simeon Coc	Oscar Requena			Ruben Oscar Requena

Source: Belize Elections and Boundaries Department Archived 2020-10-31 at the Wayback Machine

Results

At the invitation of the Belizean Ministry of Foreign Affairs, CARICOM sent a six-member observation team. The team's preliminary statement showed the elections to have been conducted in a smooth and timely manner; they especially commended the election commission's ability to implement COVID-19 sanitary measures while dealing with the effects of Tropical Storm Eta. ^[52]

The polls closed at 6:15 pm. With the early counts already forecasting a lead for the PUP, Faber delivered a concession speech on television three hours later, congratulating Briceño and the PUP while calling for national unity. ^[53] Election turnout was over 81%, the highest since 1998. ^[4]

The results showed the PUP achieving its first national election victory since 2003, winning 26 seats. By contrast, the incumbent United Democratic Party had its lowest result since 1998, winning the remaining 5 seats. ^[3] Four of the five UDP seats were in Belize City: Faber and Tracy Panton retained their seats, while Denise Barrow and Shyne Barrow won seats of retiring UDP members. The fifth seat was in Corozal, retained by incumbent Deputy Prime Minister Hugo Patt. ^[54]

Briceño was sworn in as the new Prime Minister on 12 November by the Governor-General. ^[55] He intended to swear in his cabinet on 16 November. ^[56]

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	People's United Party	88,040	59.60	26	+14
	United Democratic Party	57,374	38.84	5	–14
	Belize People's Front	820	0.56	0	New
	Belize Progressive Party	548	0.37	0	0
	Independents	924	0.63	0	0
Total		147,706	100.00	31	0
Valid votes		147,706	98.70
Invalid/blank votes		1,944	1.30
Total votes		149,650	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		182,815	81.86
Source: Elections & Boundaries Department, The Tribune

By division

Division	Electorate	Turnout	%	Political party		Candidate	Votes	%
Albert	2,886	2,531	87.70		United Democratic Party	Tracy Ann Panton	1,271	50.82
					People's United Party	Paul Adrian Thompson	1,230	49.18
Belize Rural Central	7,445	5,956	80.00		People's United Party	Dolores Balderamos-Garcia	3,409	58.67
					United Democratic Party	Beverly Williams	2,166	37.28
					Belize Progressive Party	Lion Bennett	181	3.12
					Belize People's Front	Luz Maria Hunter	54	0.93
Belize Rural North	4,721	3,903	82.67		People's United Party	Marconi Prince Leal	2,238	58.01
					United Democratic Party	Edmond "Clear The Land" Castro	1,568	40.64
					Belize Progressive Party	Karen Sharon Banner	52	1.35
Belize Rural South	8,586	6,887	80.21		People's United Party	"Andre" Perez	4,336	63.84
					United Democratic Party	Manuel Heredia	2,419	35.62
					Belize People's Front	Thomas Henry Greenwood Jr.	37	0.54
Belmopan	8,758	6,943	79.28		People's United Party	Oscar Mira	4,172	60.82
					United Democratic Party	John Birchman Saldivar	2,004	29.21
					Independent	Anna "ABG" Banner-Guy	684	9.97
Caribbean Shores	4,363	3,726	85.40		People's United Party	Kareem David Musa	2,194	59.60
					United Democratic Party	Lee Mark Chang	1,487	40.40
Cayo Central	8,107	6,219	76.71		People's United Party	Alex Balona	3,434	55.99
					United Democratic Party	Rene Montero	2,699	44.01
Cayo North	8,058	6,679	82.89		People's United Party	Michel "Micho" Chebat	3,745	56.77
					United Democratic Party	Omar Figueroa	2,790	42.29
					Belize People's Front	Kurt Mathew Lizarraga	62	0.94
Cayo North East	5,706	4,764	83.49		People's United Party	Orlando "Landy" Habet	2,996	63.35
					United Democratic Party	John Francis August Jr.	1,674	35.40
					Belize People's Front	Nefretery "Nancy" Martin	59	1.25
Cayo South	7,069	5,261	74.42		People's United Party	Julius Espat	4,071	78.53
					United Democratic Party	Ramon Francisco Witz	1,113	21.47
Cayo West	6,465	5,340	82.60		People's United Party	Jorge "Milon" Espat	2,703	51.50
					United Democratic Party	Erwin Rafael Contreras	2,478	47.21
					Belize People's Front	Eduardo Raul Ayala	68	1.29
Collet	3,732	3,037	81.38		United Democratic Party	Patrick Faber	1,834	61.63
					People's United Party	Oscar "Polo" Arnold	1,142	38.37
Corozal Bay	5,410	4,475	82.72		People's United Party	David "Dido" Vega	2,402	54.37
					United Democratic Party	Pablo Marin	1,994	45.13
					Independent	Carlos Javier Sawers	22	0.50
Corozal North	7,000	6,155	87.93		United Democratic Party	Hugo Patt	3,479	56.96
					People's United Party	David Castillo	2,563	41.96
					Belize People's Front	Alfonso Acosta	66	1.08
Corozal South East	7,012	6,138	87.54		People's United Party	Florencio Julian Marin Jr.	3,413	55.97
					United Democratic Party	Antonio "Tony" Herrera	2,614	42.87
					Belize People's Front	Eloim Ellis	57	0.93
					Belize Progressive Party	Edna Doris Diaz	14	0.23
Corozal South West	5,888	5,130	87.13		People's United Party	Ramiro Ramirez	2,898	56.91
					United Democratic Party	Angel Campos	2,142	42.07
					Belize People's Front	Laurencio Lucio Bul	52	1.02
Dangriga	5,482	4,212	76.83		People's United Party	"Dr. Zab" Louis Zabaneh	2,600	62.55
					United Democratic Party	Frank "Papa" Mena	1,501	36.11
					Belize People's Front	John Francis Suazo	56	1.34
Fort George	1,876	1,541	82.14		People's United Party	Henry Charles Usher Sr.	983	64.84
					United Democratic Party	Melvin "Mello" Hewlett	499	32.92
					Belize Progressive Party	William "Wil" Maheia	34	2.24
Freetown	3,782	3,114	82.34		People's United Party	Francis Fonseca	2,114	68.79
					United Democratic Party	Orson Jerome "OJ" Elrington	959	31.21
Lake Independence	4,863	3,958	81.39		People's United Party	Cordel Hyde	3,539	90.79
					United Democratic Party	Dianne "Miss D" Finnegan	359	9.21
Mesopotamia	2,277	1,715	75.32		United Democratic Party	Shyne Barrow	910	54.79
					People's United Party	Candice Pitts	751	45.21
Orange Walk Central	6,045	5,157	85.31		People's United Party	Johnny Briceño	2,902	56.87
					United Democratic Party	Denni Grijalva	2,140	41.94
					Belize People's Front	Antonia Cruz Sanchez	61	1.19
Orange Walk East	7,033	6,038	85.85		People's United Party	Kevin Bernard	3,277	54.96
					United Democratic Party	Elodio "Son Of The East" Aragon Jr.	2,612	43.80
					Belize People's Front	Lorenzo Adrian "Andy" Aldana	74	1.24
Orange Walk North	7,833	6,785	86.62		People's United Party	Ramon "Monchi" Cervantes	4,043	60.09
					United Democratic Party	Carlos Zetina	2,628	39.06
					Belize People's Front	Marino Assi	57	0.85
Orange Walk South	6,858	5,782	84.31		People's United Party	Jose Abelardo Mai	3,499	61.34
					United Democratic Party	Guadalupe "Lupe" Dyck Magaña	2,088	36.61
					Belize People's Front	Eber Misael Herrador	117	2.05
Pickstock	3,997	3,281	82.09		People's United Party	Anthony Robert Mahler	2,570	80.21
					United Democratic Party	Anthony "Uncle Boots" Martinez	574	17.92
					Belize Progressive Party	Patrick Raymond Rogers	60	1.87
Port Loyola	4,717	3,649	77.36		People's United Party	Gilroy Usher Sr.	2,106	58.98
					United Democratic Party	"Superman" Philip Willoughby	1,313	36.77
					Belize Progressive Party	"Boo Boo" Evan Thompson	152	4.25
Queen's Square	2,714	2,431	89.57		United Democratic Party	Denise "Sista B" Barrow	1,351	56.43
					People's United Party	Allan Pollard	1,020	42.61
					Belize Progressive Party	Gary Matus	23	0.96
Stann Creek West	9,864	7,745	78.52		People's United Party	Rodwell Stephen Ferguson	4,900	64.23
					United Democratic Party	Ivan Hilbert Williams	2,509	32.89
					Independent	Melvin Hulse	179	2.35
					Belize Progressive Party	Hubert Alexander McCaulay	32	0.42
					Independent	Mateo Tomas Polanco	9	0.11
Toledo East	6,831	4,698	68.77		People's United Party	Michael Espat	2,869	61.65
					United Democratic Party	Dennis Garbutt	1,755	37.71
					Independent	Orlando Albert Muschamp	30	0.54
Toledo West	7,437	6,400	86.06		People's United Party	Oscar Requena	3,921	61.60
					United Democratic Party	Simeon Coc	2,444	38.40
Source: Elections & Boundaries Department

Reactions

• Guatemala: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs congratulated Briceño, ^[57] as did President Alejandro Giammattei. ^[58]
• Nicaragua: The President and Vice President sent a joint letter to congratulate "Brother Prime Minister" Briceño and the PUP, invoking the memory of George Cadle Price. ^[59]
• Taiwan: President Tsai Ing-wen and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs congratulated Briceño and thanked outgoing PM Barrow, acknowledging the "longstanding friendship" between Taiwan and Belize. ^[60]
• United States: The US Embassy commended the Belizean people "for upholding the democratic heritage of the hemisphere." ^[61]

Additional congratulations were sent by the Organization of American States. ^[58]

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