64 Angelina

Last updated

64 Angelina
64Angelina (Lightcurve Inversion).png
Lightcurve-based 3D-model of Angelina
Discovery
Discovered by Ernst Wilhelm Tempel
Discovery dateMarch 4, 1861
Designations
(64) Angelina
Pronunciation /ˌænəˈlnə/ AN-jə-LEE-nə [1]
Main belt [2]
Adjectives Angelinian ( /ˌænəˈlɪniən/ AN-jə-LIN-nee-ən)
Orbital characteristics
Epoch December 31, 2006 (JD 2454100.5)
Aphelion 451.375 Gm (3.017 AU)
Perihelion 351.784 Gm (2.352 AU)
401.580 Gm (2.684 AU)
Eccentricity 0.124
1606.452 d (4.40 yr)
107.758°
Inclination 1.308°
309.285°
179.641°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions48x53 km [3]
52 ± 10 km [4]
60x53x45 km [5]
Mass 1.5×1017 kg (assumed) [6]
8.752 hr [2] (0.365 d)
0.28 [7]
0.157 (IRAS) [2]
E
7.67 [2]

    64 Angelina is an asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 50 kilometers in diameter. It is an unusually bright form of E-type asteroid.

    Contents

    Discovery and naming

    Angelina was discovered on March 4, 1861, by a prolific comet discoverer, E. W. Tempel, observing from Marseilles, France. It was the first of his five asteroid discoveries.

    The naming of Angelina caused some controversy. It was chosen by Benjamin Valz, director of the Marseilles Observatory, in honour of the astronomical station of that name operated by Baron Franz Xaver von Zach on the mountains above the city. At the time, asteroids were supposed to receive names from classical mythology, and several astronomers protested the choice. Tempel noted that if the second 'n' were removed, the complaints would be satisfied (referring to Angelia, a minor Greek deity). However, Valz's choice stayed. [8]

    Physical characteristics

    Angelina is an uncommon form of E-type asteroid; it is the third largest E-type after 44 Nysa and 55 Pandora, and has an exceptionally high albedo. [9] As of 1991, it is thought to have an average radius of about 30 kilometers (19 mi). [10] Back when asteroids were generally assumed to have low albedos, Angelina was thought to be the largest of this class, but modern research has shown that its diameter is only a quarter of what was previously assumed, an error caused by its exceptional brightness. Traditional calculations had suggested that since Angelina has an absolute magnitude of 7.7 and an albedo of 0.15, [2] its diameter would have been around 100 km. However, a 2004 occultation showed a cross-sectional profile of only 48x53 km. [3] Angelina was observed by Arecibo radar in January 2010. [5]

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">65 Cybele</span> Outer main-belt asteroid

    65 Cybele is one of the largest asteroids in the Solar System. It is located in the outer asteroid belt. It is thought to be a remnant primordial body. It gives its name to the Cybele group of asteroids that orbit outward from the Sun from the 2:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter. The X-type asteroid has a relatively short rotation period of 6.0814 hours. It was discovered by Wilhelm Tempel in 1861, and named after Cybele, the earth goddess.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">5 Astraea</span> Large asteroid

    5 Astraea is an asteroid in the asteroid belt. This object is orbiting the Sun at a distance of 385 million kilometres (2.5735 AU) with a period of 4.13 yr and an orbital eccentricity of 0.19. The orbital plane is inclined at an angle of 5.37° to the plane of the ecliptic. It is spinning with a period of 16.8 h. The surface of Astraea is highly reflective and its composition is probably a mixture of nickel–iron with silicates of magnesium and iron. It is an S-type asteroid in the Tholen classification system.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">216 Kleopatra</span> M-type asteroid

    216 Kleopatra is a large M-type asteroid with a mean diameter of 120 kilometers and is noted for its elongate bone or dumbbell shape. It was discovered on 10 April 1880 by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Austrian Naval Pola Observatory, in what is now Pula, Croatia, and was named after Cleopatra, the famous Egyptian queen. It has two small minor-planet moons which were discovered in 2008 and later named Alexhelios and Cleoselene.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">28 Bellona</span> Main-belt asteroid

    28 Bellona is a large main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by German astronomer R. Luther on March 1, 1854, and named after Bellōna, the Roman goddess of war; the name was chosen to mark the beginning of the Crimean War. Its historical symbol was Bellona's whip and spear; it is in the pipeline for Unicode 17.0 as U+1CECE 𜻎.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">44 Nysa</span> Main-belt asteroid

    44 Nysa is a large and very bright main-belt asteroid, and the brightest member of the Nysian asteroid family. It is classified as a rare class E asteroid and is probably the largest of this type.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">63 Ausonia</span> Main-belt asteroid

    63 Ausonia is a stony Vestian asteroid from the inner region of the asteroid belt, approximately 100 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Italian astronomer Annibale de Gasparis on 10 February 1861, from the Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte, in Naples, Italy. The initial choice of name for the asteroid was "Italia", after Italy, but this was modified to Ausonia, an ancient classical name for the Italian region.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">69 Hesperia</span> Main-belt asteroid

    69 Hesperia is a large, M-type main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli on April 29, 1861 from Milan, while he was searching for the recently discovered 63 Ausonia. It was his only asteroid discovery. Schiaparelli named it Hesperia in honour of Italy. The asteroid is orbiting the Sun with a period of 5.14 years, a semimajor axis of 2.980 AU, and eccentricity of 0.165. The orbital plane is inclined by an angle of 8.59° to the plane of the ecliptic.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">95 Arethusa</span> Main-belt asteroid

    95 Arethusa is a large main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by German astronomer Robert Luther on 23 November 1867, and named after one of the various Arethusas in Greek mythology. Arethusa has been observed occulting a star three times: first on 2 February 1998, and twice in January 2003.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">107 Camilla</span> Asteroid with 2 moons

    107 Camilla is one of the largest asteroids from the outermost edge of the asteroid belt, approximately 250 kilometers in diameter. It is a member of the Sylvia family and located within the Cybele group. It was discovered on 17 November 1868, by English astronomer Norman Pogson at Madras Observatory, India, and named after Camilla, Queen of the Volsci in Roman mythology. The X-type asteroid is a rare trinary asteroid with two minor-planet moons discovered in 2001 and 2016, respectively. It is elongated in shape and has a short rotation period of 4.8 hours.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">152 Atala</span> Main-belt asteroid

    152 Atala is a large main belt asteroid that was discovered by brothers Paul Henry and Prosper Henry on 2 November 1875, but the discovery was credited to Paul. It is a type D asteroid, meaning that it is composed of carbon, organic rich silicates and possibly water ice.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">208 Lacrimosa</span> Main-belt asteroid

    208 Lacrimosa is a main-belt asteroid that was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa on October 21, 1879, in Pola. The name derives from Our Lady of Sorrows, a title given to Mary, the mother of Jesus. It is orbiting the Sun at a distance of 2.89320 AU with a period of 4.92 yr and an eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.013. The orbital plane is inclined at an angle of 1.7° to the plane of the ecliptic.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">276 Adelheid</span> Main-belt asteroid

    276 Adelheid is a dark Alauda asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 121 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at Vienna Observatory on 17 April 1888. The meaning of the asteroids's name is unknown.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">308 Polyxo</span> Main-belt asteroid

    308 Polyxo is a main-belt asteroid that was discovered by A. Borrelly on March 31, 1891, in Marseilles. It is orbiting the Sun at a distance of 2.75 AU with a low orbital eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.04 and a period of 4.56 yr. The orbital plane is tilted at an angle of 4.36° to the plane of the ecliptic.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">334 Chicago</span> Main-belt asteroid

    334 Chicago is a very large main-belt asteroid. It is classified as a C-type asteroid and is probably composed of carbonaceous material.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">350 Ornamenta</span> Main-belt asteroid

    350 Ornamenta is a relatively large main-belt asteroid, measuring 118 km in diameter. It is classified as a C-type asteroid and is probably composed of carbonaceous material.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">849 Ara</span>

    849 Ara is a large, metallic background asteroid, approximately 80 kilometers in diameter, that is located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 9 February 1912, by Russian astronomer Sergey Belyavsky at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The M-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 4.1 hours and is likely elongated in shape. It was named after the American Relief Administration (ARA) for the help given during the Russian famine of 1921–22.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">911 Agamemnon</span> Jupiter trojan

    911 Agamemnon, provisional designation 1919 FD, is a large Jupiter trojan and a suspected binary asteroid from the Greek camp, approximately 168 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 19 March 1919, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The dark D-type asteroid is one of the largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 6.6 hours. It is named after the Greek King Agamemnon, a main character of the Iliad.

    925 Alphonsina, provisional designation 1920 GM, is a stony Hansian asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 58 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 January 1920, by Catalan astronomer Josep Comas i Solà at the Fabra Observatory in Barcelona, Spain. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 7.88 hours. It was named for the Spanish Kings Alfonso X and Alfonso XIII.

    1143 Odysseus, provisional designation 1930 BH, is a large Jupiter trojan located in the Greek camp of Jupiter's orbit. It was discovered on 28 January 1930, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany, and later named after Odysseus, the legendary hero from Greek mythology. The dark D-type asteroid has a rotation period of 10.1 hours. With a diameter of approximately 125 kilometers, it is among the 10 largest Jovian trojans.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1263 Varsavia</span> Asteroid

    1263 Varsavia, provisional designation 1933 FF, is an asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 40 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 23 March 1933, by Belgian astronomer Sylvain Arend at Uccle Observatory in Belgium. It is named for the city of Warsaw.

    References

    1. "Angelina" . Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press.(Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
    2. 1 2 3 4 5 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 64 Angelina" . Retrieved 5 September 2010. 2010-06-01 last obs
    3. 1 2 David Dunham (2–3 July 2004). "IOTA Meeting, Apple Valley, Calif". IOTA. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
    4. Ďurech, Josef; Kaasalainen, Mikko; Herald, David; Dunham, David; Timerson, Brad; Hanuš, Josef; et al. (2011). "Combining asteroid models derived by lightcurve inversion with asteroidal occultation silhouettes" (PDF). Icarus. 214 (2): 652–670. arXiv: 1104.4227 . Bibcode:2011Icar..214..652D. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.016. S2CID   119271216. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
    5. 1 2 Shepard, Michael K.; Harris, Alan W.; Taylor, Patrick A.; Clark, Beth Ellen; Ockert-Bell, Maureen; Nolan, Michael C.; et al. (2011). "Radar observations of Asteroids 64 Angelina and 69 Hesperia" (PDF). Icarus. 215 (2): 547–551. arXiv: 1104.4114 . Bibcode:2011Icar..215..547S. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.07.027. S2CID   119290080.
    6. Using a spherical radius of 26 km; volume of a sphere * density of 2 g/cm3 yields a mass (m=d*v) of 1.472E+17 kg
    7. Morrison, D.; Chapman, C. R. (1976). "Radiometric diameters for an additional 22 asteroids". Astrophysical Journal. 204: 934–939. Bibcode:1976ApJ...204..934M. doi:10.1086/154242.
    8. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 21. ISBN   978-3-540-00238-3.
    9. Kiselev, N.N; Shakhovskoy, N.M; Efimov, Yu.S (1996), "On the Polarization Opposition Effect of E-Type Asteroid 64 Angelina", Icarus, 120 (2): 408, Bibcode:1996Icar..120..408K, doi:10.1006/icar.1996.0060
    10. Lionel Wilson and Klaus Keil - Explosive Eruptions on Asteroids: The Missing Basalts on the Aubrite Parent Body - Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, volume 22, page 1515, (1991)