716 Berkeley

Last updated

716 Berkeley
Discovery  [1]
Discovered by J. Palisa
Discovery site Vienna Obs.
Discovery date30 July 1911
Designations
(716) Berkeley
Pronunciation /ˈbɜːrkliː/ [2]
Named after
 Berkeley   [3]
(U.S. City, California)
A911 OC ·1947 CH
1952 FA ·A906 OB
1911 MD
Orbital characteristics   [4]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 113.32 yr (41,390 d)
Aphelion 3.0557 AU
Perihelion 2.5682 AU
2.8120 AU
Eccentricity 0.0867
4.72 yr (1,722 d)
136.21°
0° 12m 32.4s / day
Inclination 8.4872°
145.89°
56.811°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
15.55±0.04  h [12] [lower-alpha 1]

    716 Berkeley ( prov. designation:A911 OCor1911 MD) is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory on 30 July 1911. [1] The stony S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 15.6 hours and measures approximately 21 kilometers (13 miles) in diameter. It was named after the city of Berkeley, California, where the discoverer's colleague Armin Otto Leuschner (1868–1953) was the director of the local observatory. [3]

    Contents

    Orbit and classification

    Berkeley is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. [5] [6] [7] It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.6–3.1  AU once every 4 years and 9 months (1,722 days; semi-major axis of 2.81 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic. [4] The body's observation arc begins with its first observation at Heidelberg on 16 July 1906, five years prior to its official discovery observation by Johann Palisa at Vienna. [1]

    Naming

    According to Alexander Schnell, this minor planet was named by the discoverer after the U.S. city of Berkeley in California, where American astronomer and colleague Armin Otto Leuschner (1868–1953) was a long-time director at the Leuschner Observatory (then called Students' Observatory). Known for his books Celestial Mechanics and The Minor Planets of the Hecuba Group, Leuschner worked on the orbit determination of 719 Albert, which was originally discovered by Palisa in 1911 but remained a lost asteroid until 2000. The naming citation was not mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955. [3] Palisa also named asteroid 718 Erida after Leuschner's daughter. The lunar crater Leuschner and asteroid 1361 Leuschneria, discovered by Eugène Delporte in 1935, were later named directly after the American astronomer.

    Physical characteristics

    In both the Tholen and SMASS classification, Berkeley is a common, stony S-type asteroid. [4] It is also an S-type in the Bus–DeMeo classification, [13] while in the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomic variants of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), this asteroid is a K-type and Sq-subtype which transitions to the uncommon Q-type, respectively. [6] [14]

    Rotation period

    In May 2009, a rotational lightcurve of Berkeley was obtained from photometric observations by American amateur astronomer Joe Garlitz at his Elgin Observatory in Oregon. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 15.55±0.04 hours with a brightness variation of 0.25±0.03 magnitude ( U=2+ ). [lower-alpha 1] Lower rated lightcurves obtained by Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist in 1977, and by David Romeuf in 2018, gave a divergent period of larger than 17 h and 34.3±0.6 h with an amplitude of larger than 0.2 and 0.25±0.02 magnitude, respectively ( U=1/2 ). [15] [16]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, and the Japanese Akari satellite, Berkeley measures (19.768±0.167), (21.28±1.5) and (21.55±0.57) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (0.220±0.045), (0.1801±0.028) and (0.182±0.011), respectively. [8] [9] [10] [11]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2027 and a diameter of 21.38 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.7. [12] Alternative mean-diameters published by the WISE team include (21.519±0.054 km) and (21.89±0.78 km) with a corresponding albedo of (0.1808±0.0518) and (0.170±0.017). [6] [12]

    Notes

    1. 1 2 Lightcurve plot of (716) Berkeley. Rotation period 15.577 hours by Joe Garlitz (2009). Quality code is 2+. Summary figures at the LCDB and J. Garlitz (archived) websites.

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">220 Stephania</span> Dark background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt

    Stephania is a dark background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 32 km (20 mi) in diameter. It was discovered on 19 May 1881, by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory. The C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 18.2 hours. It was named after Princess Stéphanie of Belgium.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">251 Sophia</span> Main-belt asteroid

    251 Sophia is a stony background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 4 October 1885, by astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory in Austria. The S-type asteroid (S/L) has a rotation period of 20.2 hours and measures approximately 28 kilometers in diameter. It was named after Sophia von Seeliger, wife of German astronomer Hugo von Seeliger (1849–1924).

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">406 Erna</span> Main-belt asteroid

    Erna, provisional designation 1895 CB, is a dark asteroid of the background population in the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 46 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by French astronomer Auguste Charlois at Nice Observatory on 22 August 1895. The asteroid was presumably named after Erna Bidschof, the granddaughter of Johann Palisa.

    Croatia, provisional designation 1906 TM, is a dark asteroid and parent body of the Croatia family, located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 88 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered in 1906, by astronomer August Kopff at Heidelberg Observatory, and later named for the independent country of Croatia, then part of Austria-Hungary.

    641 Agnes, provisional designation 1907 ZX, is a stony Florian asteroid and slow rotator from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers (6 mi) in diameter.

    717 Wisibada is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 26 August 1911, by German astronomer Franz Kaiser at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The D-type asteroid measures approximately 29 kilometers in diameter with no rotation period yet determined. It was named after the discoverer's birthplace, the city of Wiesbaden in Hesse, Germany.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">722 Frieda</span>

    722 Frieda is a bright background asteroid and slow rotator from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory on 18 October 1911. The stony S-type asteroid has a notably long rotation period of 131.1 hours and measures approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was named after Frieda Hillebrand, daughter of Austrian astronomer Karl Hillebrand (1861–1939), and grand-daughter of Edmund Weiss (1837–1917) who had been the director of the discovering observatory.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">725 Amanda</span> Dark background asteroid

    725 Amanda is a dark background asteroid, approximately 22 kilometers in diameter, that is located in the central regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory on 21 October 1911. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid (CSU/C0) has a short rotation period of 3.7 hours. It was named after Amanda Schorr, wife of German astronomer Richard Schorr (1867–1951).

    783 Nora is a dark background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory on 18 March 1914. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a longer-than average rotation period of 55.5 hours and measures approximately 40 kilometers in diameter. It was likely named after Nora Helmer, principal character in the play A Doll's House by Norwegian poet Henrik Ibsen.

    794 Irenaea is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 27 August 1914, by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory. The presumed C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 9.1 hours and measures approximately 36 kilometers in diameter. It was likely named after Irene Hillebrand, daughter of Austrian astronomer Edmund Weiss (1837–1917).

    795 Fini is a dark and large background asteroid, approximately 76 kilometers in diameter, located in the central region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory on 26 September 1914. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a poorly determined rotation period of 9.3 hours and seems rather spherical in shape. Any reference of the asteroid's name to a person is unknown.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">882 Swetlana</span>

    882 Swetlana is a dark background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 15 August 1917, by Russian astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The X-type asteroid has a longer-than average rotation period of 29.9 hours and measures approximately 42 kilometers in diameter. The origin of the asteroid's name remains unknown.

    929 Algunde, is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, that measures approximately 11 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 10 March 1920. The S-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 3.3 hours and is likely spherical in shape. It was named "Algunde", a common German female name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.

    932 Hooveria is a dark background asteroid, approximately 59 kilometers in diameter, located in the inner region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory on 23 March 1920. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid (Ch) has a long rotation period of 78.4 hours. It was named after then-Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover (1874–1964), who later became president of the United States.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1073 Gellivara</span> Asteroid

    1073 Gellivara, provisional designation 1923 OW, is a dark Themistian asteroid, approximately 27 kilometers in diameter, located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory on 14 September 1923, and later named after the Swedish town of Gällivare.

    1043 Beate, provisional designation 1925 HB, is a stony asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 32 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 22 April 1925. Any reference of its name to a person is unknown.

    1152 Pawona, provisional designation 1930 AD, is a stony Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 16 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in 1930, the asteroid was named in honor of astronomers Johann Palisa and Max Wolf.

    1156 Kira, provisional designation 1928 DA, is a stony background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 February 1928, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. Any reference of its name to a person or occurrence is unknown.

    3642 Frieden, provisional designation 1953 XL1, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Herta Gessner at Sonneberg Observatory on 4 December 1953. It is named after the goddess of peace, Pax.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1361 Leuschneria</span>

    1361 Leuschneria, provisional designation 1935 QA, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 August 1935, by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte at Uccle Observatory in Belgium, and named after American astronomer Armin Otto Leuschner.

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 "716 Berkeley (A911 OC)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    2. ↑ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language. (Of the two pronunciations, the first is used for UC Berkeley.)
    3. 1 2 3 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(716) Berkeley". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 69. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_717. ISBN   978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 716 Berkeley (A911 OC)" (2019-11-10 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    5. 1 2 "Asteroid 716 Berkeley – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    6. 1 2 3 4 "Asteroid 716 Berkeley". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    7. 1 2 Zappalà, V.; Bendjoya, Ph.; Cellino, A.; Farinella, P.; Froeschle, C. (1997). "Asteroid Dynamical Families". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-5-DDR-FAMILY-V4.1. Retrieved 16 June 2020.} (PDS main page)
    8. 1 2 3 4 Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-COMPIL-5-NEOWISEDIAM-V1.0. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M . Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    9. 1 2 Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv: 1406.6645 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. S2CID   119293330.
    10. 1 2 3 4 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T . Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    11. 1 2 3 4 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    12. 1 2 3 "LCDB Data for (716) Berkeley". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    13. ↑ DeMeo, Francesca E.; Binzel, Richard P.; Slivan, Stephen M.; Bus, Schelte J. (July 2009). "An extension of the Bus asteroid taxonomy into the near-infrared" (PDF). Icarus. 202 (1): 160–180. Bibcode:2009Icar..202..160D. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.02.005. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2020. (Catalog at PDS)
    14. ↑ Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006 . Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    15. ↑ Lagerkvist, C.-I. (December 1977). "Photographic Photometry of the Asteroids 716 Berkeley and 1245 Calvinia". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 34: 203. Bibcode:1978A&AS...34..203L.
    16. ↑ Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (716) Berkeley". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
    This page is based on this Wikipedia article
    Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
    Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.