Discovery [1] | |
---|---|
Discovered by | G. Neujmin |
Discovery site | Simeiz Obs. |
Discovery date | 2 January 1916 |
Designations | |
(814) Tauris | |
Pronunciation | /ˈtɔːrɪs/ |
Named after | Crimea, (peninsula on the Black Sea in Eastern Europe) [2] |
A916 AE ·1927 BA A907 JE ·1916 YT | |
Orbital characteristics [3] | |
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5) | |
Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
Observation arc | 104.01 yr (37,990 d) |
Aphelion | 4.1233 AU |
Perihelion | 2.1884 AU |
3.1558 AU | |
Eccentricity | 0.3065 |
5.61 yr (2,048 d) | |
247.26° | |
0° 10m 32.88s / day | |
Inclination | 21.822° |
88.786° | |
296.53° | |
TJupiter | 3.0250 |
Physical characteristics | |
Dimensions | 109.0 km × 109.0 km |
Mean diameter | |
Mass | (9.74 ± 5.16/3.17)×1017 kg [7] |
Mean density | 1.74 ± 0.923/0.566 g/cm3 [7] |
35.8 h [10] [11] [12] 36.081±30% h [3] | |
814 Tauris ( prov. designation:A916 AEor1916 YT) is a dark and very large background asteroid, approximately 109 kilometers (68 miles) in diameter, located the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 2 January 1916, by astronomer Russian Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on Crimea. [1] The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a longer-than average rotation period of 35.8 hours. It was named after the ancient name of the Crimean peninsula where the discovering observatory is located. [2]
Tauris is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. [4] [5] It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.2–4.1 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,048 days; semi-major axis of 3.16 AU). Its orbit has a notably high eccentricity of 0.31 and an inclination of 22° with respect to the ecliptic. [3] This gives it a TJupiter of 3.0250, near the boundary of 3, which separates asteroids (above 3) from the Jupiter-family comets (below 3). [3] Tauris was first observed as A907 JE at Taunton Observatory ( 803 ) on 12 May 1907. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg Observatory on 30 January 1916, or four weeks after its official discovery observation at Simeiz Observatory. [1]
This minor planet was named after the ancient name of the Crimean peninsula, Tauris. Lutz Schmadel, the author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names also mentions a mountain with the same name on the southwest coast of Crimea. In addition, Baltic German astronomer Ludwig von Struve (1858–1920) also taught astronomy at the Tavrida University (Tauris University) in Simferopol, a large city on the Crimean peninsula (R. Bremer). The naming was also mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 ( H 81 ). [2]
In the Tholen classification as well in the Bus–Binzel SMASS classification, Tauris is a common, carbonaceous C-type asteroid, [3] while in both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), it is an X-type asteroid. [5] [13]
In 1983, a rotational lightcurve of Tauris, obtained from photometric observations with the ESO 0.5-metre telescope at La Silla, Chile, was by published by Belgian astronomer Henri Debehogne in collaboration with Italian astronomers Giovanni de Sanctis and Vincenzo Zappalà. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 35.8 hours with a brightness variation of 0.20 magnitude ( U=2 ). [10] In May 2013, Michael S. Alkema at the Elephant Head Observatory ( G35 ) in Arizona determined an identical period of 35.8±0.1 hours with an amplitude of 0.18±0.03 magnitude ( U=2– ). [11]
According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, and the Japanese Akari satellite, Tauris measures (102.229±2.138), (109.56±3.1) and (109.76±2.78) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (0.054±0.011), (0.0470±0.003) and (0.047±0.003), respectively. [6] [8] [9] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0470 and a diameter of 109.56 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 8.74. [12] Alternative mean-diameter measurements published by the WISE team include (98.77±33.90 km ), (104.357±28.04 km), (109.854±1.947 km) and (121.55±44.26 km) with corresponding albedos of (0.05±0.05), (0.0445±0.0344), (0.0444±0.0066) and (0.036±0.015). [5] [12]
Several asteroid occultations of Tauris were observed between 1999 and 2015. [5] These timed observations are taken when the asteroid passes in front of a distant star. The two best-rated observations made on 26 and 29 July 2015, gave a best-fit ellipse dimension of (109.0 km × 109.0 km) and (110.0 km × 110.0 km), respectively. However, these two observations still received a relatively poor quality rating. [5]
716 Berkeley is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory on 30 July 1911. The stony S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 15.6 hours and measures approximately 21 kilometers in diameter. It was named after the city of Berkeley, California, where the discoverer's colleague Armin Otto Leuschner (1868–1953) was the director of the local observatory.
779 Nina is a large background asteroid, approximately 80 kilometers in diameter, located in the central region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 25 January 1914, by Russian astronomer Grigory Neujmin(1886-1946) at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The metallic X-type asteroid with an intermediate albedo has a rotation period of 11.2 hours. It was named after the discoverer's sister, Nina Neujmina (Tsentilovich) (1889–1971).
817 Annika is a background asteroid in the region of the Eunomia family, located in the central portion of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 6 February 1916, by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The stony S-type asteroid (Sl) has a rotation period of 10.56 hours and measures approximately 23 kilometers in diameter. Any reference of the asteroid's name to a person is unknown.
822 Lalage is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 31 March 1916, by astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The likely highly elongated asteroid with an unclear spectral type has a short rotation period of 3.3 hours and measures approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. Any reference to the origin of the asteroid's name is unknown.
834 Burnhamia is a large background asteroid, approximately 61 kilometers in diameter, that is located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 20 September 1916, by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The X-type asteroid (GS) has a rotation period of 13.9 hours. It was named after American astronomer Sherburne Wesley Burnham (1838–1921).
838 Seraphina is a dark and large background asteroid, approximately 58 kilometers in diameter, located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 24 September 1916. The primitive P-type asteroid has a rotation period of 15.7 hours and is rather spherical in shape. Any reference to the origin of the asteroid's name is unknown.
850 Altona is a large background asteroid, approximately 77 kilometers in diameter, that is located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 27 March 1916, by Russian astronomer Sergey Belyavsky at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The X-type asteroid has a rotation period of 11.2 hours. It was named after the city of Altona near Hamburg, Germany.
845 Naëma is a large asteroid and the parent body of the Naëma family located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 16 November 1916, by astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 20.9 hours and measures approximately 54 kilometers in diameter on average, as it is likely elongated in shape. Any reference of the asteroid's name to a person is unknown.
928 Hildrun, is a dark background asteroid, approximately 64 kilometers in diameter, located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 23 February 1920, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The X-type asteroid has a rotation period of 14.1 hours. It was named "Hildrun", a common German female name unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.
957 Camelia is a large, carbonaceous background asteroid and slow rotator, approximately 70 kilometers in diameter. It is located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt and was discovered on 7 September 1921, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in Germany and given the provisional designations A921 RF and 1921 JX. The C-type asteroid (Cb) has a long rotation period of at least 150 hours. It was named after the genus of flowering plants, Camellia.
987 Wallia is a large background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 52 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 23 October 1922, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany. The D/T-type asteroid has a rotation period of 10.1 hours and shows an unusual trinomial lightcurve. It was named after a common German female name, unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, and taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.
989 Schwassmannia is a stony background asteroid and a slow rotator from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 12.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 November 1922, by astronomer Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann at the Bergedorf Observatory in Hamburg, Germany. The bright S/T-type asteroid has a long rotation period of 107.9 hours. It was named after the discoverer himself.
1039 Sonneberga, provisional designation 1924 TL, is a dark background asteroid, approximately 34 kilometers in diameter, located in the central region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 24 November 1924, by German astronomer Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named for the German city of Sonneberg, where the Sonneberg Observatory is located.
1214 Richilde, provisional designation 1932 AA, is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in 1932. Any reference of the asteroid's name to a person is unknown.
1028 Lydina, provisional designation 1923 PG, is a carbonaceous background asteroid and member of the Cybele group from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 82 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula on 6 November 1923, by Soviet astronomer Vladimir Albitsky, who named it after his wife, Lydia Il'inichna Albitskaya. The dark C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 11.68 hours.
1244 Deira is a dark background asteroid and slow rotator from the inner region of the asteroid belt. The X-type asteroid has an exceptionally long rotation period of 210.6 hours and measures approximately 31 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 25 May 1932, by English-born South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, who named it after Deira, an old kingdom near his birthplace, the market town of Ossett, located in West Yorkshire, England.
1177 Gonnessia, provisional designation 1930 WA, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 99 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 November 1930, by French astronomer Louis Boyer at the Algiers Observatory in Algeria, North Africa, and named after astronomer François Gonnessiat.
1469 Linzia, provisional designation 1938 QD, is a dark asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 60 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in 1938, the asteroid was later named after the Austrian city of Linz.
1847 Stobbe, provisional designation A916 CA, is an asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 23 kilometers in diameter.
5176 Yoichi, provisional designation 1989 AU, is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 17 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 January 1989, by Japanese astronomers Seiji Ueda and Hiroshi Kaneda at the Kushiro Observatory on Hokkaido, Japan. The likely elongated asteroid has a brightness variation of 0.45 magnitude, and occulted a star in the constellation Cetus in November 2014. It was named for the Japanese town of Yoichi.