SC, The International Conference for High Performance Computing Networking, Storage, and Analysis | |
---|---|
Status | active |
Genre | High Performance Computing |
Frequency | annual |
Years active | 35 |
Founder | George Michael |
Previous event | SC23 Website |
Next event | SC24 Website |
Sponsors | ACM SIGHPC and IEEE Computer Society |
Website | SC Conference Series |
SC (formerly Supercomputing), the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, is the annual conference established in 1988 by the Association for Computing Machinery and the IEEE Computer Society. In 2019, about 13,950 people participated overall; [1] by 2022 attendance had rebounded to 11,830 both in-person and online. [2] The not-for-profit conference is run by a committee of approximately 600 volunteers who spend roughly three years organizing each conference.
SC is sponsored by the Association for Computing Machinery and the IEEE Computer Society. From its formation through 2011, ACM sponsorship was managed through ACM's Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture (SIGARCH). Sponsors are listed on each proceedings page in the ACM DL; see for example. [3] Beginning in 2012, [4] ACM began the process of transitioning sponsorship from SIGARCH to the recently formed Special Interest Group on High Performance Computing (SIGHPC). This transition was completed after SC15, [5] and for SC16 ACM sponsorship was vested exclusively in SIGHPC (IEEE sponsorship remained unchanged). [6] The conference is non-profit.
The conference is governed by a steering committee that includes representatives of the sponsoring societies, the current conference general chair, the general chairs of the preceding two years, the general chairs of the next two conference years, and a number of elected members. [7] All steering committee members are volunteers, with the exception of the two representatives of the sponsoring societies, who are employees of those societies. The committee selects the conference general chair, approves each year's conference budget, and is responsible for setting policy and strategy for the conference.
Although each conference committee introduces slight variations on the program each year, the core components of the conference remain largely unchanged from year to year.
The SC Technical Program is competitive with an acceptance rate around 20% for papers (see History). Traditionally, the program includes invited talks, panels, research papers, tutorials, workshops, posters, and Birds of a Feather (BoF) sessions. [8]
Each year, SC hosts the following conference and sponsoring society awards: [9]
In addition to the technical program, SC hosts a research exhibition each year that includes universities, state-sponsored computing research organizations (such as the Federal labs in the US), and vendors of HPC-related hardware and software from many countries around the world. There were 353 exhibitors at SC16 in Salt Lake City, UT. [13]
SC's program for students has gone through a variety of changes and emphases over the years. Beginning with SC15 [14] the program is called "Students@SC", and is oriented toward undergraduate and graduate students in computing related fields, and computing-oriented students in science and engineering. The program includes professional development programs, opportunities to learn from mentors, and engagement with SC's technical sessions.
SCinet is SC's research network. Started in 1991, SCinet features emerging technologies for very high bandwidth, low latency wide area network communications in addition to operational services necessary to provide conference attendees with connectivity to the commodity Internet and to many national research and engineering networks.
Since its establishment in 1988, [3] and until 1995, [15] the full name of the conference was the "ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference" (sometimes: "ACM/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing"). The conference's abbreviated (and more commonly used) formal name was "Supercomputing 'XY", where XY denotes the last two digits of the year. In 1996, according to the archived front matter of the conference proceedings, [16] the full name was changed to the ACM/IEEE "International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications". The latter document further announced that, as of 1997, the conference will undergo a name change and will be called "SC97: High Performance Networking and Computing". The document explained that
1997 [will mark] the first use of "SC97" as the name of the annual conference you've known as "Supercomputing 'XY". This change reflects our growing attention to networking, distributed computing, data-intensive applications, and other emerging technologies that push the frontiers of communications and computing.
— SC97 Call for Participation, included in the archived front matter of Supercomputing '96. [16]
A 1997 HPC Wire article discussed at length the reasoning, considerations, and concerns that accompanied the decision to change the name of the conference series from "Supercomputing 'XY" to "SC 'XY", [17] stating that
It's official: the age of supercomputing has ended. At any rate, the word "supercomputing" has been excised from the title of the annual trade shows, sponsored by the IEEE and ACM, that have been known for almost ten years as "Supercomputing '(final two digits of year)". The next event, to be held in San Jose next November, has been redesignated "SC '97." Like Lewis Carroll's Cheshire Cat, "supercomputing" has faded steadily away until only the smile, nose, and whiskers remain. ... The loss is a real one. An enormous range of ordinary people had some idea, however vague, what "supercomputing" meant. No-caf, local alternatives like "SC" and "HPC" lack this authority. This is not a trivial issue. In these days of rapid change, passing technofancies, and information overload, a rose with the wrong name is just another thorn -- or forgotten immediately. After all, how can businessmen, ordinary consumers, and taxpayers be expected to pay money for something they can't comprehend? More important, will investors and grant-givers hand over money to support further R&D on something whose only identity is an arbitrary clump of capital letters?
— Norris Parker Smith. HPC Wire. February 7, 1997.
Despite these concerns, the abbreviated name of the conference, "SC", is still used today, a reminiscent of the abbreviation of the conference's original name—"Supercomputing Conference".
The full name, in contrast, underwent several changes. Between 1997 and 2003, [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] the name "High Performance Networking and Computing" was specified in the front matter of the archived conference proceedings in some years (1997, 1998, 2000, 2002), whereas in other years it was omitted altogether in favor of the abbreviated name (1999, 2001, 2003). In 2004, [25] the stated front matter full name was changed to "High Performance Computing, Networking and Storage Conference". In 2005, [26] this name was replaced by the original name of the conference—"supercomputing"— in the front matter. Finally, in 2006, [27] the current full name, as used today, emerged: "The International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis".
Despite all of the name variances in the proceedings through the years, the digital library of ACM, the co-sponsoring society, records the name of the conference as "The ACM/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing" from 1998 - 2008, when it changes to ""The International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis". It is these two names that are used in the full citations to the conference proceedings provided in this article.
The table below provides the location, name of the general chair, and acceptance statistics for each year of SC. Note that references for data in these tables apply to data preceding the reference to the left on the same row; for example, for SC17 the single reference substantiates all the information in that row, but for SC05 the source for the convention center and chair is different than the source for the acceptance statistics.
Originally slated to be held in Atlanta, GA, SC20 was converted to a fully virtual conference [28] due to the COVID-19 pandemic; the conference agenda spread across two weeks instead of the typical one week for an in-person conference. Over 7,440 attendees participated from 115 countries. [29] SC21 was held as a hybrid conference with both in-person attendance in St. Louis, MO, and virtual attendance options available. [30]
The following table details the keynote speakers during the history of the conference; as of SC23, 16.7% of the keynote speakers have been female, with a mix of speakers from corporate, academic, and national government organizations.
Conference | Keynote Speaker | Gender | Affiliation [71] | Job Title [71] | Presentation Title |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SC88 | Seymour Cray | Male | Cray Research | Founder | What's this about Gallium Arsenide? [72] |
SC89 | John Rollwagon | Male | Cray Research | CEO | Supercomputing – A Look Into the Future [73] |
SC90 | Danny Hillis | Male | Thinking Machines Corporation | Founder | The Fastest Computers [73] |
SC91 | Allan Bromley | Male | Office of Science and Technology Policy | Chair | The President's Initiative in HPCC [34] |
SC92 | Larry Smarr | Male | NCSA | Director | Grand Challenges! Voyages of Discovery in the 1990s [74] |
SC93 | Neal Lane | Male | National Science Foundation | Director | HPCC and the NII [73] |
SC94 | Ed McCracken | Male | SGI | CEO | Making the NII Real [75] |
SC95 | William A. Wulf | Male | University of Virginia | Professor | And Now For Some "Really" Super Computing [76] |
SC96 | Frances Allen | Female | IBM | IBM Fellow | Scaling Up [77] |
SC97 | Paul Saffo | Male | Institute for the Future | Director | Is Digital Dead? [78] |
SC98 | Bran Ferren | Male | Walt Disney Imagineering | President of R&D | There's No Bits Like Show Bits [79] |
SC99 | Donna Shirley | Female | NASA | Mars Exploration Program manager | Managing Creativity in Technical Projects [80] |
SC00 | Steve Wallach | Male | CenterPoint Ventures | Advisor | Petaflops in the year 2009 [43] |
SC01 | Craig Venter | Male | Celera Genomics | Founder | Accelerating Discovery through Supercomputing [44] |
SC02 | Rita Colwell | Female | National Science Foundation | Director | Computing: Getting us on the Path to Wisdom [45] |
SC03 | Donna Cox | Female | NCSA | Professor | Beyond Computing: The Search for Creativity [46] |
SC04 | Tom West | Male | National LambdaRail | CEO | NLR: Providing the Nationwide Network Infrastructure for Network and "Big Science" Research [47] |
SC05 | Bill Gates | Male | Microsoft | CEO | The Changing Role of IT in the Sciences [26] |
SC06 | Ray Kurzweil | Male | Inventor | The Coming Merger of Biological and Non-Biological Intelligence [27] | |
SC07 | Neil Gershenfeld | Male | MIT | Professor | Programming Bits and Atoms [50] |
SC08 | Michael Dell | Male | Dell | Founder and CEO | Higher Performance: Supercomputing in the Connected Era [81] |
SC09 | Al Gore | Male | US Government | Former Vice President of the United States | Building Solutions: Energy, Climate and Computing for a Changing World [82] |
SC10 | Clayton M. Christensen | Male | Harvard Business School | Professor | How to Create New Growth in a Risk-Minimizing Environment [53] |
SC11 | Jen-Hsun Huang | Male | NVIDIA | CEO | Exascale: An Innovator's Dilemma [54] |
SC12 | Michio Kaku | Male | City University of New York | Professor | Physics of the Future [83] |
SC13 | Genevieve Bell | Female | Intel | Intel Fellow | The Secret Life of Data [84] |
SC14 | Brian Greene | Male | Columbia University | Professor | The Quest for Nature's Deepest Laws [85] |
SC15 | Alan Alda | Male | Actor | Getting Beyond a Blind Date with Science: Communicating Science for Scientists [86] | |
SC16 | Katharine Frase | Female | IBM (Retired) | Chief Technology Officer of Public Sector | Cognitive Computing: How can we accelerate human decision making, creativity and innovation using techniques from Watson and beyond? [87] |
SC17 | Philip Diamond | Male | Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project | Director General | Life, the Universe and Computing: The Story of the SKA Telescope [88] |
SC18 | Erik Brynjolfsson | Male | MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy | Director | How to Deploy the Unruly Power of Machine, Platform, and Crowd [89] |
SC19 | Steven Squyres | Male | Cornell University | Professor | Exploring the Solar System with the Power of Technology [90] |
SC20 | Bjorn Stevens | Male | Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology | Department Head/Professor | Climate Science in the Age of Exascale [91] |
SC21 | Vint Cerf | Male | Vice President | Computing and the Humanities [92] | |
SC22 | Jack Dongarra | Male | University of Tennessee | Distinguished Professor | ACM A.M. Turing Award Lecture: A Not So Simple Matter of Software [93] |
SC23 | Hakeem Oluseyi | Male | Self | Inspirational Speaker | A Quantum Life: My Unlikely Journey from the Street to the Stars [94] |
A supercomputer is a type of computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer. The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million instructions per second (MIPS). Since 2017, supercomputers have existed which can perform over 1017 FLOPS (a hundred quadrillion FLOPS, 100 petaFLOPS or 100 PFLOPS). For comparison, a desktop computer has performance in the range of hundreds of gigaFLOPS (1011) to tens of teraFLOPS (1013). Since November 2017, all of the world's fastest 500 supercomputers run on Linux-based operating systems. Additional research is being conducted in the United States, the European Union, Taiwan, Japan, and China to build faster, more powerful and technologically superior exascale supercomputers.
The fat tree network is a universal network for provably efficient communication. It was invented by Charles E. Leiserson of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1985. k-ary n-trees, the type of fat-trees commonly used in most high-performance networks, were initially formalized in 1997.
SUPER-UX was a version of the Unix operating system from NEC that is used on its SX series of supercomputers.
David A. Bader is a Distinguished Professor and Director of the Institute for Data Science at the New Jersey Institute of Technology. Previously, he served as the Chair of the Georgia Institute of Technology School of Computational Science & Engineering, where he was also a founding professor, and the executive director of High-Performance Computing at the Georgia Tech College of Computing. In 2007, he was named the first director of the Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor at Georgia Tech.
SCinet is the high-performance network built annually by volunteers in support of SC . SCinet is the primary network for the yearly conference and is used by attendees and exhibitors to demonstrate and test high-performance computing and networking applications.
In computer science, partitioned global address space (PGAS) is a parallel programming model paradigm. PGAS is typified by communication operations involving a global memory address space abstraction that is logically partitioned, where a portion is local to each process, thread, or processing element. The novelty of PGAS is that the portions of the shared memory space may have an affinity for a particular process, thereby exploiting locality of reference in order to improve performance. A PGAS memory model is featured in various parallel programming languages and libraries, including: Coarray Fortran, Unified Parallel C, Split-C, Fortress, Chapel, X10, UPC++, Coarray C++, Global Arrays, DASH and SHMEM. The PGAS paradigm is now an integrated part of the Fortran language, as of Fortran 2008 which standardized coarrays.
Maxine D. Brown is an American computer scientist and retired director of the Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL) at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). Along with Tom DeFanti and Bruce McCormick, she co-edited the 1987 NSF report, Visualization in Scientific Computing, which defined the field of scientific visualization.
Anton is a massively parallel supercomputer designed and built by D. E. Shaw Research in New York, first running in 2008. It is a special-purpose system for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of proteins and other biological macromolecules. An Anton machine consists of a substantial number of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), interconnected by a specialized high-speed, three-dimensional torus network.
The Seymour Cray Computer Engineering Award, also known as the Seymour Cray Award, is an award given by the IEEE Computer Society, to recognize significant and innovative contributions in the field of high-performance computing. The award honors scientists who exhibit the creativity demonstrated by Seymour Cray, founder of Cray Research, Inc., and an early pioneer of supercomputing. Cray was an American electrical engineer and supercomputer architect who designed a series of computers that were the fastest in the world for decades, and founded Cray Research which built many of these machines. Called "the father of supercomputing," Cray has been credited with creating the supercomputer industry. He played a key role in the invention and design of the UNIVAC 1103, a landmark high-speed computer and the first computer available for commercial use.
The DEGIMA is a high performance computer cluster used for hierarchical N-body simulations at the Nagasaki Advanced Computing Center, Nagasaki University.
Cherri M. Pancake is an ethnographer and computer scientist who works as a professor of electrical engineering and computer science and Intel Faculty Fellow at Oregon State University, and as the director of the Northwest Alliance for Computational Science & Engineering. She is known for her pioneering work on usability engineering for high performance computing. In 2018 she was elected for a two-year term as president of the Association for Computing Machinery.
Mary Katherine Vernon is an American computer scientist who works as a professor of computer science and industrial engineering at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Her research concerns high-performance computer architecture and streaming media.
Cache prefetching is a technique used by computer processors to boost execution performance by fetching instructions or data from their original storage in slower memory to a faster local memory before it is actually needed. Most modern computer processors have fast and local cache memory in which prefetched data is held until it is required. The source for the prefetch operation is usually main memory. Because of their design, accessing cache memories is typically much faster than accessing main memory, so prefetching data and then accessing it from caches is usually many orders of magnitude faster than accessing it directly from main memory. Prefetching can be done with non-blocking cache control instructions.
In the high-performance computing environment, burst buffer is a fast intermediate storage layer positioned between the front-end computing processes and the back-end storage systems. It bridges the performance gap between the processing speed of the compute nodes and the Input/output (I/O) bandwidth of the storage systems. Burst buffers are often built from arrays of high-performance storage devices, such as NVRAM and SSD. It typically offers from one to two orders of magnitude higher I/O bandwidth than the back-end storage systems.
ACM SIGHPC is the Association for Computing Machinery's Special Interest Group on High Performance Computing, an international community of students, faculty, researchers, and practitioners working on research and in professional practice related to supercomputing, high-end computers, and cluster computing. The organization co-sponsors international conferences related to high performance and scientific computing, including: SC, the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis; the Platform for Advanced Scientific Computing (PASC) Conference; Practice and Experience in Advanced Research Computing (PEARC); and PPoPP, the Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming.
OpenHPC is a set of community-driven FOSS tools for Linux based HPC. OpenHPC does not have specific hardware requirements.
Richard Vuduc is a tenured professor of computer science at the Georgia Institute of Technology. His research lab, The HPC Garage, studies high-performance computing, scientific computing, parallel algorithms, modeling, and engineering. He is a member of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). As of 2022, Vuduc serves as Vice President of the SIAM Activity Group on Supercomputing. He has co-authored over 200 articles in peer-reviewed journals and conferences.
Ilkay Altintas is a Turkish-American data and computer scientist, and researcher in the domain of supercomputing and high-performance computing applications. Since 2015, Altintas has served as chief data science officer of the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC), at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), where she has also served as founder and director of the Workflows for Data Science Center of Excellence (WorDS) since 2014, as well as founder and director of the WIFIRE lab. Altintas is also the co-initiator of the Kepler scientific workflow system, an open-source platform that endows research scientists with the ability to readily collaborate, share, and design scientific workflows.
The Tri-Lab Operating System Stack (TOSS) is a Linux distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) that was created to provide a software stack for high performance computing (HPC) clusters for laboratories within the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). The operating system allows multiple smaller systems to emulate a high-performance computing (HPC) platform.
Torsten Hoefler is a Professor of Computer Science at ETH Zurich and the Chief Architect for Machine Learning at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre. Previously, he led the Advanced Application and User Support team at the Blue Waters Directorate of the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, and held an adjunct professor position at the Computer Science Department at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. His expertise lies in large-scale parallel computing and high-performance computing systems. He focuses on applications in large-scale artificial intelligence as well as climate sciences.
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