The Communist Party of Indonesia was a communist party in the Dutch East Indies and later Indonesia. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in 1965. The party had two million members in the 1955 elections, with 16 percent of the national vote and almost 30 percent of the vote in East Java. During most of the period immediately following the Indonesian Independence until the eradication of the PKI in 1965, it was a legal party operating openly in the country. Accused of responsibility for the 1965 army-led coup attempt, the party was banned by General Suharto in March 1966.
Semaun (1899–1971), also spelled Semaoen, was the first chairman of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and was a leader of the Semarang branch of the Sarekat Islam.
The Indonesian National Party was the name used by several nationalist political parties in Indonesia from 1927 until 1973. The first PNI was established by future President Sukarno. After independence, the new PNI supplied a number of prime ministers, and participated in the majority of cabinets in the 1950s and 1960s. The party was fused into the Indonesian Democratic Party in 1973. In the years following the reforms of the late 1990s, a number of parties claiming to be the continuation of previous PNIs stood in elections, but gained only a handful of seats.
Tan Malaka was an Indonesian teacher, Marxist, philosopher, founder of Struggle Union and Murba Party, independent guerrilla and spy, Indonesian fighter, and national hero. Tempo credited him as "Father of the Republic of Indonesia".
Munawar Musso, commonly known as Musso, was an Indonesian revolutionary and political figure who was the leader of the Communist Party of Indonesia and one of the key figures in the 1948 Madiun affair.
The Labour Party of Indonesia was a political party in Indonesia.
Ibnu Parna was an Indonesian communist politician and leader of the Acoma Party, and trade unionist.
The Labour Party was a political party in Indonesia. It was formed on 25 December 1949 by a group of former Labour Party of Indonesia (PBI) members, who had disagreed with the merger of PBI into the Communist Party of Indonesia.
Party of the People of Free Indonesia was a political party in Indonesia. The party was based amongst the Sundanese population in West Java. In the 1955 parliamentary election, PRIM got 72,523 votes. One parliamentarian was elected from the party. After the election the party joined the Fraction of Upholders of the Proclamation, a heterogenous parliamentary group with ten MPs.
The Village People's Union was a political party in Indonesia. The party was based amongst the Sundanese population in West Java. In the 1955 parliamentary election, PRD got 77,919 votes. One parliamentarian was elected from the party. After the election the party joined the Fraction of Upholders of the Proclamation, a heterogenous parliamentary group with ten MPs.
The Islamic Tharikah Unity Party was an Islamic political party in Indonesia. In the 1955 parliamentary election, PPTI got 85,131 votes. One parliamentarian was elected from the party.
The Indonesian Marhaen People's Union, generally known by its acronym Permai, was a social movement in Indonesia, functioning both as a political party and an Abangan mystical association. The organisation was founded on 17 December 1945. Permai was led and founded by Mei Kartawinata in Cimerta, Pasirkareumbi, Subang, Subang Regency with two friends, M. Rasyid and Sumitra. At its peak on 17 December 1945, It was declared as a political party with J.B. Assa, Iwa Kusumasumantri, Izaak Riwoe Lobo, and S. Karsono Werdojo.
The National Progressive Fraction was a parliamentary group in the Indonesian People's Representative Council, formed after the 1955 parliamentary election. The group consisted of ten Members of Parliament, all elected from Java.
The Fraction of Upholders of the Proclamation was a parliamentary group in the Indonesian People's Representative Council, formed after the 1955 parliamentary election. The group included ten Members of Parliament. The group was politically heterogenous, but was somewhat pro-Masjumi/Socialist Party of Indonesia.
The National People's Party, initially founded as the Indonesian National Party–Independent, was a political party in Indonesia. It was founded on 23 July 1950 after a split within the Indonesian National Party (PNI). The divisions with the PNI had appeared at the party congress in May the same year, when Sidik Djojosukarto's followers had emerged victorious. Djody Gondokusumo was the chairman of the party.
Murba Party was a 'national communist' political party in Indonesia. The party was founded by Tan Malaka, Chairul Saleh, Sukarni and Adam Malik in 1948. The history of the party was largely intertwined with that of the powerful Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). Initially relations between PKI and the Murba Party were fluid, but gradually the two parties developed into each other's arch-enemies. The Murba Party continued to exist under the New Order, but was merged into the Indonesian Democratic Party in 1973.
The Times of Indonesia was a daily English newspaper published in Jakarta, Indonesia. Founded in 1952, it was the first English daily newspaper in Indonesia. The founding editor was Mochtar Lubis, who was also the editor of Indonesia Raya at the time. Mochtar Lubis had close links to the army leadership. In 1953, Lubis stepped down from his position due to the stresses of his simultaneous editorship of Indonesia Raya. Charles Tambu, from Ceylon, took over as managing editor of the newspaper.
The Central All-Indonesian Workers Organization was the largest trade union federation in Indonesia. Founded during the period of the country's independence in the late 1940s, the federation grew rapidly in the 1950s. It was initially formed with loose connections to the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and with members from other parties, but over time, the PKI became dominant in the organisation. With the introduction of President Sukarno's guided democracy in the late 1950s, SOBSI was formally recognised and given a place in the national decision-making structures. In the 1960s, SOBSI came into conflict with the Army, whose officers controlled the country's state enterprises. After the 1965 coup that subsequently produced Suharto's New Order regime, SOBSI was declared illegal, its members killed and imprisoned and most of the leadership executed.
Communism in Sumatra has historically had an influence in the politics and society of Sumatra. Padang, Pariaman, Silungkang, Sawah Lunto, Alahan Panjang, and Suliki of West Sumatra have been cited as an area which was particular active in communism.
Oetarjo Anwar Tjokroaminoto was an Indonesian politician and journalist. He served as Minister of Social Affairs for a year in the Wilopo Cabinet and was the Prime Minister of Pasundan for less than a month during January 1950.
