Indonesian Christian Party

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Indonesian Christian Party
Partai Kristen Indonesia
AbbreviationParkindo
Chairman Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes (first)
Melanchton Siregar (last)
Secretary-GeneralMaryoto (first)
Sabam Sirait (last)
Founded10 November 1945
Dissolved11 January 1973
Preceded byParki
Merged into Indonesian Democratic Party
Succeeded by Indonesian Christian Party 1945
Prosperous Peace Party (claimed)
HeadquartersDjakarta
NewspaperKemudi
Sinar Harapan
Think tank Association of Indonesian Christian Intelligence
Student wing Indonesian Christian Student Movement
Indonesian Christian Pupil Movement
Youth wing Indonesian Christian Youth Movement
Women's wing Indonesian Christian Women's Association
Armed wing Arrow Division (during Indonesian National Revolution)
Membership1,049,475 (1969)
Ideology Pancasila
Christian democracy
Political position Centre-right
Religion Protestant

The Indonesian Christian Party (Indonesian : Partai Kristen Indonesia), better known as Parkindo, was a Christian political party active in Indonesia from 1950 until 1973, when it was merged to make the Indonesian Democratic Party.

Contents

Founded by Johannes Leimena and Melanchton Siregar, the former Military Governor of North Sumatra, who was known as a local teacher in Tarutung. Its support was concentrated in Protestant areas of Indonesia. It had considerable influence despite the small number of Christians in Indonesia due to the large numbers of Christians in the civil service, the army and educational establishments and because of the high profile of party leader Johannes Leimena who served in several Indonesian cabinets and as deputy prime minister. [1] In the 1955 Indonesian legislative election, the party won 2.6% of the vote and eight seats in the People's Representative Council. [2] However, in the 1971 elections, the last it contested before being merged into the Indonesian Democratic Party, it gained only 1.34% of the vote. [3] [4]

History

Pre-independence

The first Christian party in the Dutch East Indies was the Christelijk Ethische Partij (transl.Christian Ethic Party), which was established on 25 September 1917. [5] According to the constitution of the party, the party strives to make the statutes of God, as revealed in the Holy Scriptures, nature and history, the foundation of the political life in the Dutch East Indies. At the formation of the party, it had around 800 members. The party also invited native Indonesians, which was a rarity for Dutch-majority party at that time. The party changed its name to Christenlijk Staatkundige Partei (transl.Christian Constitutional Party) on 1929. The party gained five seats in the 1935 Dutch East Indies Volksraad election, on which three seats to the native Indonesians, and two seats to Europeans. [6]

Establishment

The party was established following the decree by the government on 3 November 1945 to form "as many political parties as possible" in Indonesia. The decree was an attempt by the government to eradicate rumors that stated that Sukarno and Hatta would make Indonesia a one-party state, governed by the Indonesian National Party. Six days after the decree, Christian politicians of Indonesia held a meeting to discuss the possibility of establishing a party for Christians. The meeting was held in the Pasundan Church. The Protestants sent Basuki Probowinoto, Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia, Fredrick Laoh, Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes, J. K. Panggabean, Soedarsono, Maryoto and Martinus Abednego, while the Catholics sent Suradi and Hadi. After the delegates agreed to form a political party, the Catholic delegates withdrew from the meeting, giving the reason that they had to talk about it first with the leaders of the Catholic Church. [7]

The meeting finally produced an agreement to form a party for Christians under the name National Christian Party (Indonesian : Partai Kristen Nasional). The name was proposed by Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia. The delegates chose Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes as the chairman and Maryoto as the general secretary by acclamation. On 10 November 1945, the delegates declared the formation of the National Christian Party. [8]

Notable members

National Heroes of Indonesia

Ministers

Chairmen

#PortraitName
(Birth – Death)
Term of office [9]
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1 Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes 1999 Indonesia stamp.jpg Wilhelmus Zakaria
Johannes

(1895 – 1952)
9 November 19457 December 194528 days
2 Basuki Probowinoto.jpg Basuki Probowinoto
(1917 – 1989)
7 December 19459 April 19504 years, 123 days
3 Johannes Leimena, Indonesia Memilih, p223.jpg Johannes Leimena
(1905 – 1977)
9 April 19505 February 196110 years, 298 days
4 Albert Mangaratua Tambunan 1951.jpg A. M. Tambunan
(1910 – 1970)
5 February 196122 October 19676 years, 263 days
5 Melanchton Siregar, Hasil Rakjat Memilih Tokoh-tokoh Parlemen (Hasil Pemilihan Umum Pertama - 1955) di Republik Indonesia, p346.jpg Melanchton Siregar
(1912 – 1975)
22 October 196711 January 19735 years, 81 days

Election results

ElectionTotal seats wonTotal votesShare of votesOutcome of electionParty leader
April 1955
8 / 257
1,003,3252.6% [10] Increase2.svg8 seats Johannes Leimena
December 1955
16 / 514
988,8102.61% [10] Increase2.svg8 seats Johannes Leimena
1971
7 / 360
733,3591.34% [10] Decrease2.svg9 seats Melanchton Siregar

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References

  1. Feith (2007) p. 145
  2. Feith (2007) p. 434
  3. Evans (2003) pp. 21-21
  4. Liddle (1994) p. 46
  5. Christelijk-Ethische Partij 1917 , p. 28
  6. Koloniaal Tijdschrift, Vol.24, 1935
  7. Parkindo 1945 2006 , p. 2
  8. Parkindo 1945 2006 , pp. 2–3
  9. Cribb & Kahin 2004, pp. 479–480.
  10. 1 2 3 "Bab V - Hasil Pemilu - KPU" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Komisi Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.

Bibliography