Hyacinthoides hispanica, the Spanish bluebell, is a spring-flowering bulbous perennial native to the Iberian Peninsula. It is one of around a dozen species in the genus Hyacinthoides, others including the common bluebell in northwestern Europe, and the Italian bluebell further east in the Mediterranean region.
The Spanish toothcarp, also known as the Spanish pupfish or Iberian killifish, is a small, endemic species of fish in the family Cyprinodontidae. Its risk of extinction is one of the greatest of any Iberian vertebrate. Its limited range, coupled with the drastic population decline the species has suffered in the last two decades, has caused it to be placed on endangered species lists, both in Spain and internationally. In addition, habitat fragmentation, likely due to humans, has resulted in this species becoming increasingly stagnant and has led to increased genetic drift. Also found to be contributing to their endangerment was genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA. The mitochondrial DNA coupled with A. iberus’s geographic distribution has been able to affect their population genetic structure gradually in different spaces. Its conservation status in the south of the Iberian peninsula has notably worsened.
The Iberian barbel is a ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae. It is here placed in Luciobarbus following the IUCN, but that genus is very closely related to the other typical barbels and perhaps better considered a mere subgenus of Barbus. This large barbel can grow to over 50 cm (20 in) long.
Barbus haasi, or the Catalonian barbel or redtail barb Catalan: barb cua-roig; Spanish: barbo colirrojo or barbo de cola roja), is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae.
Luciobarbus microcephalus is a ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae. It is here placed in Luciobarbus following the IUCN, but that genus is very closely related to the other typical barbels and perhaps better considered a mere subgenus of Barbus.
The Andalusian barbel is a freshwater fish species in the family Cyprinidae. It is here placed in Luciobarbus following the IUCN, but that genus is very closely related to the other typical barbels and perhaps better considered a mere subgenus of Barbus. The Andalusian barbel was formerly included in L. bocagei as subspecies.
Luciobarbus steindachneri is a species of cyprinid fish. It is here placed in Luciobarbus following the IUCN, but that genus is very closely related to the other typical barbels and perhaps better considered a mere subgenus of Barbus.
The Northern straight-mouth nase is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Portugal and Spain. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Iberian nase is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Portugal and in Spain. Its natural habitats are rivers and intermittent rivers.
Parachondrostoma turiense is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Spain. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Pseudochondrostoma willkommii is a species of cyprinid fish. It is found in Portugal and Spain. Its natural habitats are rivers and water storage areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Squalius alburnoides is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Portugal and Spain. Its natural habitats are rivers and intermittent rivers. It may be threatened by habitat loss.
Squalius carolitertii, the Northern Iberian chub, is a species of fresh-water fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Portugal and Spain, and known there as the bordallo, escalo or gallego.
The Iberian midwife toad or brown midwife toad, in Portuguese sapo-parteiro-ibérico, is a species of frog in the family Alytidae found in Portugal and western Spain. It is typically found in open habitats such as meadows and open oak forests. Habitat loss is one of the threats to its survival.
The Iberian painted frog is a species of frog in the family Alytidae. It is found in Portugal and Spain, where its natural habitats are temperate forests, temperate shrubland, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, rivers, intermittent rivers, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, sandy shores, arable land, and grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Iberian frog, also known as Iberian stream frog, is a species of frog in the family Ranidae found in Portugal and Spain. Its natural habitats are rivers, mountain streams and swamps. It is threatened by habitat loss, introduced species, climate change, water contamination, and increased ultraviolet radiation.
The Perez's frog, also known as Iberian waterfrog, Iberian green frog or Coruna frog, is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is native to southern France, Portugal, Spain, and has been introduced to the Canary and Balearic Islands, Madeira, the United Kingdom, and the Azores. In the Iberian Peninsula it is widespread and common.
The Valencia hispanica or Valencia toothcarp is a species of freshwater fish in the family Valenciidae endemic to the south of Catalonia and the Valencian Community, Spain. There is at least one historical record of this species from near Perpignan in France but the species has been extirpated from that country.
The Portuguese oyster is a species of oyster found in the southwest Iberian Peninsula, closely related to the Pacific oyster. Although first identified as a native European species, genetic studies have suggested the Portuguese oyster originated from the Pacific coast of Asia and was introduced to Europe by Portuguese trading ships in the 16th century. The species is usually found in coastal river mouths and estuaries.
Achondrostoma arcasii, termed the bermejuela, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in the Douro River in northern Portugal and in rivers draining to both the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean, including the Ebro River, in northern Spain where it is threatened by loss of habitat caused by the building of canals and the construction of dams, as well as by introduced predators and water pollution.
