Anxau

Last updated
The Anxau people
Regions with significant populations
southeastern Tejas, near Medina River
Languages
Coahuilteco variant
Related ethnic groups
Coahuiltecan, Pampopa, Payaya

The Anxau people (sometimes spelled "Xauno" and "Xana") [1] were a hunter-gatherer tribe of the Coahuiltecan. [2] The Anxau inhabited the area south of San Antonio, [3] largely near the Medina River between present-day Medina and Bexar counties. [4] [5] The Anxau are believed to have been affiliated with the Pastia people. [6] [7]

Contents

History

In 1690, [8] early Spanish explorers and missionaries (including Damián Massanet) [9] encountered a number of ethnically distinct bands of aboriginal peoples near the Medina River who spoke a common Coahuiltecan dialect. [10] [6] [11] These tribes also shared similar societal values and traditions. [10] This group included the Anxau, Pampopa, Pastia, Payaya, and others. [11] [12] [13]

The Anxau people were largely extinct by the eighteenth century. [14]

Legacy

The tribe was cited in an archaeological survey of the land of Lackland Air Force Base. [15]

In 2010, a sculpture was unveiled at the Texas State Capitol which included the Anxau among a list of extinct tribes. [16]

References

  1. ↑ Campbell, Thomas Nolan (1985). Indian Groups Associated with Spanish Missions of the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park: T.N. Campbell and T.J. Campbell. Center for Archaeological Research, University of Texas at San Antonio.
  2. ↑ Baird, Bill. "A trek through the Medina River Valley is a journey into San Antonio's rich past". San Antonio Current. Retrieved 2025-03-12.
  3. ↑ "Heritage South Sector Plan" (PDF). City of San Antonio. September 16, 2010. p. B-34.
  4. ↑ Kenmotsu, Nancy A.; Wade, Mariah F. (2002). "American Indian Tribal Affiliation Study, Phase I: Ethnohistoric Literature Review". National Park Service. Retrieved 2025-03-12.
  5. ↑ The History of Rancho de las Cabras (PDF). U.S. Department of Interior. 1998.
  6. 1 2 Campbell, Thomas N. "Pastia Indians". The Handbook of Texas. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  7. ↑ Naylor, Thomas H. (1986). The Presidio And Militia On The Northern Frontier Of New Spain. University of Arizona Press.
  8. ↑ Foster, William C. (2010-01-01). Spanish Expeditions into Texas, 1689–1768. Univ of TX + ORM. ISBN   978-0-292-76250-3.
  9. ↑ "Indian Groups Associated with Spanish Missions of the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park (Indian Groups and Mission San Jose)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2025-03-12.
  10. 1 2 Jennifer L., Logan. "Reassessing Cultural Extinction: Change and Survival at Mission San Juan Capistrano, Texas". Coahuiltecan Language. NPS.gov. Archived from the original on November 10, 2004. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  11. 1 2 "Historic Camps and Crossings on the Medina and San Antonio Rivers". Beyond Texas History.com. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  12. ↑ "Who Were the "Coahuiltecans"?". BeyondTexasHistory.com. 2006-09-18.
  13. ↑ Clark, Patricia Roberts (2009-10-21). Tribal Names of the Americas: Spelling Variants and Alternative Forms, Cross-Referenced. McFarland. ISBN   978-0-7864-5169-2.
  14. ↑ Miller, Char (2000-12-08). "Afterword". The Texas Observer. Retrieved 2025-03-12.
  15. ↑ Bousman, Britt. "Archaeological Survey of Lackland Air Force Base, Bexar County, Texas". Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State.
  16. ↑ Dean, Rob (2010). Santa Fe: Its 400th Year : Exploring the Past, Defining the Future. Sunstone Press. ISBN   978-0-86534-795-3.
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