| Solano | |
|---|---|
| Olelato | |
| Region | Northeast Mexico (near Mission San Francisco Solano |
| Extinct | 18th century |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xso |
xso | |
| Glottolog | sanf1266 |
 Pre-contact distribution of Solano language | |
Solano is an unclassified extinct language formerly spoken in northeast Mexico and perhaps also in the neighboring U.S. state of Texas. It is a possible language isolate.
Solano is known only from a 21-word vocabulary list that appears at the end of a 1703–1708 baptism book from the San Francisco Solano Mission, [1] which hosted at least four different peoples, including the Xarame, Payuguan, Papanac, and Siaguan. [2] Supposedly the language is of the Indians of this mission – perhaps the Terocodame band cluster. The Solano peoples are associated with the 18th-century missions near Eagle Pass, Texas.
The 21 known Solano words, as reproduced in Swanton (1940), are: [3]
| Solano | English |
|---|---|
| aapag | yes |
| apam | water |
| genin, genint | three |
| hikomeya, hycomeya | is she your sister? |
| hipayō, hypayô | to wish; Spanish: quiere (?) |
| kainika, cainica | tortilla |
| krisen, crisen; krigen, crigen | bad |
| nabaog | I am hungry |
| naha | mother |
| namō | eat it |
| nikaog, nicaog | meat |
| no | fur |
| paam | there is none |
| papam | father |
| saath | four |
| sieh | give me |
| sihik, sihic | tobacco |
| sopaam | sister |
| soyā | brother |
| tciene, chiene | salt |
| taapam | there are |
Below is a comparison of selected words from Zamponi (2024). There are no obvious cognates with other neighboring languages. [2]
| language | father | four | meat | mother | three | water |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solano | papam | saath | nikaog | naha | genin | hipayō |
| Lipan Apache [4] | -ʔaaší | dínínɁí | -cinin | -Ɂ-nándí | káíɁí | kó |
| Coahuilteco [5] | -xana·y | puwa·nc̉an | aha·wh | -ta·y | axtikpil | wan |
| Comecrudo [6] | mawiʹs | nawuiʹ | eweʹ, kai | maʹt, te | ̉yiʹy | aʹx̣ |
| Tonkawa [7] | ʔewas, ta·taʔ | sikit | ʔawas | xʔay, ʔesaʔ | metis | ʔa·x |
| Proto-Uto-Aztecan [8] | *na, *ta(ta), *ʔok | *mako’ | *tuhku, *waʔi | *ye, *nan | *pahi | *pa |
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