| Apopestes spectrum | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Dorsal view | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Genus: | Apopestes |
| Species: | A. spectrum |
| Binomial name | |
| Apopestes spectrum (Esper, 1787) | |
| Synonyms | |
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Apopestes spectrum is a species of moth in the family Erebidae first described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1787.
Apopestes spectrum has a wingspan of 74–82 mm. [1] The forewings of this large moth are light brown, with dark brown markings. In the postdiscal area near the inner edge there is a dark spot. The hindwings have a pale brown color. The caterpillars are slender and yellow, with two black stripes and irregular black markings on each side. The head shows whitish and black dots. The chrysalis is reddish brown. [2]
There is one generation per year (univoltine). Caterpillars can be found from late April to June. They feed on Papilionaceae species, including Genista , Sarothamnus , Spaltium , Glycyrrhiza and Retama raetam . The moths overwinter from July up to March of the following year.
This species has a Mediterranean distribution. [1] It can be found in many European countries (Albania, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, and Switzerland) [3] and from Maghreb, to western Turkey, Lebanon, Israel and Jordan. [4]
In the valleys of the southern Alps this moth lives in warm areas up to an elevation of about 800 meters. [5]
The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because many of the clades are constantly changing, along with the other families of the Noctuoidea. It was considered the largest family in Lepidoptera for a long time, but after regrouping Lymantriinae, Catocalinae and Calpinae within the family Erebidae, the latter holds this title now. Currently, Noctuidae is the second largest family in Noctuoidea, with about 1,089 genera and 11,772 species. This classification is still contingent, as more changes continue to appear between Noctuidae and Erebidae.
Abrostola tripartita is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found throughout much of the Palearctic realm including all Europe, Russia, Siberia Amur, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan.
Heliothis peltigera, also known as the bordered straw, is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae.
Euxoa nigrofusca, the white-line dart, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from Europe, to southern Siberia, central Asia to the Pacific Ocean. In North Africa it is known from Morocco and Algeria.
Tathorhynchus is a monotypic moth genus in the family Erebidae erected by George Hampson in 1894. Its only species, Tathorhynchus exsiccata, the Levant blackneck or double-spotted snout, was first described by Julius Lederer in 1855. The nominate form is found on the Canary Islands and in North Africa, tropical Asia and tropical Africa. It has been introduced in Dominica and Argentina. Subspecies Tathorhynchus exsiccata fallax is found in the northern half of Australia, as well as Norfolk Island and New Zealand.
Catocala cara, the darling underwing, is an moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It can be found in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains; it occurs west at least to Oklahoma and north at least to Illinois. It also ranges into southern Canada, but only barely so.
Abrostola asclepiadis is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in South and Central Europe as far north as Finland and Sweden, Asia Minor and the Caucasus.
Chersotis cuprea is a moth of the family Noctuidae.
Catocala neogama, the bride, is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by James Edward Smith in 1797. It is found in North America east of the Rocky Mountains, from Maine and Quebec south to northern Florida and west to South Dakota, New Mexico, and into Arizona and Texas. Its westernmost population from the semiarid Colorado Plateau region is rather distinct and was once considered a separate species, but is now regarded as a well-marked subspecies C. n. euphemia.
Clytie illunaris is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Jacob Hübner in 1813. It is found in France, Spain, North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.
Dysgonia torrida, commonly known as the jigsaw, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found from the tropical and subtropical areas of Africa to Spain, southern Italy, Greece, Syria, Israel, Iran, Uzbekistan towards India, Sri Lanka and Myanmar.
Grammodes stolida, the geometrician, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. It is found in Africa, southern Europe, most of Asia and Australia. It migrates to central and northern Europe as far north as England, Denmark and Finland.
Catocala delilah, the Delilah underwing, is a moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Strecker in 1874. It is found in the southern and midwestern United States, from Ohio south to Florida and west to Texas and Oklahoma.
Eudocima phalonia, the common fruit-piercing moth, is a fruit piercing moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1763 Centuria Insectorum. It is found in large parts of the tropics, mainly in Asia, Africa and Australia but introduced into other areas such as Hawaii, New Zealand and the Society Islands. It is one of major fruit pests in the world.
Apamea rubrirena is a moth of the family Noctuidae.
Xestia ochreago is a moth of the family Noctuidae.
The Erebinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae erected by William Elford Leach in 1815. Erebine moths are found on all continents except Antarctica, but reach their greatest diversity in the tropics. While the exact number of species belonging to the Erebinae is not known, the subfamily is estimated to include around 10,000 species. Some well-known Erebinae include underwing moths (Catocala) and witch moths (Thermesiini). Many of the species in the subfamily have medium to large wingspans, up to nearly 30 cm in the white witch moth, which has the widest wingspan of all Lepidoptera. Erebine caterpillars feed on a broad range of plants; many species feed on grasses and legumes, and a few are pests of castor bean, sugarcane, rice, as well as pistachios and blackberries.
Ischyja manlia is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Pieter Cramer in 1776. It is found in the Indian subregion, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Okinawa, Sundaland, Sulawesi, Korea, the southern Moluccas, Australia (Queensland) and Palau. Adults pierce the skin of fruit to suck the juice.
Panchrysia aurea is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in southern Europe and western and central Asia. The range extends from Portugal, east to Tian Shan, the Altai and the north-western Himalayas. In central Europe, it is found in the southern Alps, lower Austria and the mountains on the Balkan Peninsula.
The Toxocampinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae. Moths in the subfamily typically have a primitive form of genital claspers similar to those of some subfamilies of the Noctuidae.
