Aporosa

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Aporosa
Aporosa lindleyana.jpg
Aporosa cardiosperma
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Phyllanthaceae
Subfamily: Antidesmatoideae
Tribe: Scepeae
Genus: Aporosa
Blume
Synonyms [1]

Aporosa is a genus of flowering plant belonging to the family Phyllanthaceae, first described as a genus in 1825. [4] It is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Papuasia, and Queensland. [1] [5] [6] [7]

When the genus was erected by Carl Ludwig Blume in 1825, he used the spelling Aporosa but in a publication the next year he used the spelling Aporusa and some publications and Herbert Airy Shaw in 1966 argued that the second spelling was preferred due to common usage. However the original spelling has been preferred according to the botanical code. [8]

These plants are mostly dioecious trees or shrubs. [9] Four species ( A. hermaphrodita , A. heterodoxa , A. brevicaudata , and A. egreria ) have consistently bisexual flowers, although they may be functionally dioecious. [10] The seeds have brightly colored arils that are attractive to birds, which disperse the seeds. [3]

Based on fossil evidence, the genus has been hypothesized as having its origins in the Indian Subcontinent from where it may have dispersed into Southeast Asia. [11]

There are about 80 species. [3]

Species [1]
  1. Aporosa acuminata - SW India, Sri Lanka
  2. Aporosa alia - Borneo
  3. Aporosa annulata - New Guinea, Bismarcks
  4. Aporosa antennifera - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia
  5. Aporosa arborea - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Java, S Thailand
  6. Aporosa aurea - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
  7. Aporosa banahaensis - Philippines, Sabah
  8. Aporosa basilanensis - Borneo, Basilan
  9. Aporosa benthamiana - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Philippines
  10. Aporosa bourdillonii - Kerala
  11. Aporosa brassii - E New Guinea, Bismarcks
  12. Aporosa brevicaudata - New Guinea
  13. Aporosa bullatissima - Borneo
  14. Aporosa caloneura - Borneo
  15. Aporosa cardiosperma - W India, Sri Lanka
  16. Aporosa carrii - E New Guinea
  17. Aporosa chondroneura - Borneo
  18. Aporosa confusa - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia
  19. Aporosa decipiens - New Guinea
  20. Aporosa dendroidea - Maluku
  21. Aporosa duthieana - Indochina
  22. Aporosa egregia - W New Guinea
  23. Aporosa elmeri - Borneo
  24. Aporosa falcifera - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Sulawesi, S Thailand
  25. Aporosa ficifolia - Mainland Southeast Asia
  26. Aporosa flexuosa - New Guinea
  27. Aporosa frutescens - Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
  28. Aporosa fulvovittata - Sabah
  29. Aporosa fusiformis - SW India, Sri Lanka
  30. Aporosa globifera - Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
  31. Aporosa grandistipula - Borneo, Sulawesi
  32. Aporosa granularis - Borneo
  33. Aporosa hermaphrodita - E New Guinea
  34. Aporosa heterodoxa - Bougainville I
  35. Aporosa illustris - Borneo
  36. Aporosa lagenocarpa - Borneo
  37. Aporosa lamellata - New Guinea
  38. Aporosa lanceolata - Sri Lanka
  39. Aporosa latifolia - Sri Lanka
  40. Aporosa laxiflora - E New Guinea, Bismarcks
  41. Aporosa ledermanniana - New Guinea, Bismarcks, Louisiades
  42. Aporosa leptochrysandra - New Guinea
  43. Aporosa leytensis - Philippines, Sulawesi
  44. Aporosa longicaudata - New Guinea
  45. Aporosa lucida - Malaysia, Indonesia
  46. Aporosa lunata - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Java, S Thailand
  47. Aporosa macrophylla - Myanmar
  48. Aporosa maingayi - W Malaysia
  49. Aporosa microstachya - W Malaysia, Java, S Thailand, S Myanmar
  50. Aporosa misimana - E New Guinea
  51. Aporosa nervosa - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
  52. Aporosa nigricans - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
  53. Aporosa nigropunctata - New Guinea
  54. Aporosa nitida - Borneo
  55. Aporosa octandra - S China, SE Asia, New Guinea, Queensland
  56. Aporosa papuana - New Guinea, Bismarcks, Solomons
  57. Aporosa parvula - W New Guinea
  58. Aporosa penangensis - W Malaysia, S Thailand
  59. Aporosa planchoniana - Mainland Southeast Asia
  60. Aporosa praegrandifolia - New Guinea
  61. Aporosa prainiana - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia
  62. Aporosa pseudoficifolia - W Malaysia, S Thailand, S Myanmar
  63. Aporosa quadrilocularis - Kedah, Sumatra
  64. Aporosa reticulata - E New Guinea
  65. Aporosa rhacostyla - Sarawak
  66. Aporosa sarawakensis - Borneo
  67. Aporosa sclerophylla - E New Guinea
  68. Aporosa selangorica - W Malaysia
  69. Aporosa serrata - Laos, N Thailand
  70. Aporosa sphaeridiophora - Philippines, Java
  71. Aporosa stellifera - Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
  72. Aporosa stenostachys - Sarawak
  73. Aporosa subcaudata - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia
  74. Aporosa sylvestri - Sarawak
  75. Aporosa symplocifolia - Philippines
  76. Aporosa symplocoides - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
  77. Aporosa tetrapleura - Cambodia, Vietnam
  78. Aporosa vagans - New Guinea to Admiralty Is
  79. Aporosa villosa - Southeast Asia, Andaman & Nicobar
  80. Aporosa wallichii - Assam, Bangladesh, Indochina
  81. Aporosa whitmorei - Sumatra, W Malaysia
  82. Aporosa yunnanensis - Indochina, S China, Assam
formerly included [1]

moved to other genera: Antidesma Baccaurea Drypetes Shirakiopsis

  1. A. bilitonensis - Baccaurea minor
  2. A. calocarpa - Drypetes longifolia
  3. A. dolichocarpa - Baccaurea javanica
  4. A. griffithii - Antidesma coriaceum
  5. A. inaequalis - Drypetes leonensis
  6. A. somalensis - Shirakiopsis elliptica

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ↑ Tropicos, Aporusa Blume
  3. 1 2 3 Debski, I., et al. (2002). Habitat preferences of Aporosa in two Malaysian forests: implications for abundance and coexistence. Ecology, 83(7), 2005-2018.
  4. ↑ Blume, Carl Ludwig von. 1825. Flora Javae 1: vi
  5. ↑ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  6. ↑ Schot, A.M. (2004). Systematics of Aporosa (Euphorbiaceae). Blumea. Supplement 17: 1-381.
  7. ↑ Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 215 银柴属 yin chai shu Aporosa Blume, Bijdr. 514. 1825.
  8. ↑ Schot, Anne M. (1995). "A synopsis of taxonomic changes in Aporosa Blume (Euphorbiaceae)" (PDF). Blume. 40: 449–460.
  9. ↑ Debski, Igor; Burslem, David F. R. P.; Palmiotto, Peter A.; Lafrankie, James V.; Lee, H. S.; Manokaran, N. (2002). "Habitat Preferences of Aporosa in Two Malaysian Forests: Implications for Abundance and Coexistence". Ecology. 83 (7): 2005. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2005:HPOAIT]2.0.CO;2. ISSN   0012-9658.
  10. ↑ Wurdack, Kenneth J.; Hoffmann, Petra; Samuel, Rosabelle; Bruijn, Anette; Bank, Michelle; Chase, Mark W. (2004). "Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Phyllanthaceae (Phyllanthoideae pro parte, Euphorbiaceae sensu lato) using plastid RBCL DNA sequences". American Journal of Botany. 91 (11): 1882–1900. doi: 10.3732/ajb.91.11.1882 . PMID   21652335.
  11. ↑ Shukla, Anumeha; Mehrotra, Rakesh C.; Spicer, Robert A.; Spicer, Teresa E.V. (2016). "Aporosa Blume from the paleoequatorial rainforest of Bikaner, India: Its evolution and diversification in deep time". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 232: 14–21. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.05.006.
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