Archipolypoda

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Archipolypoda
Temporal range: Lochkovian–Pennsylvanian
Acantherpestes major.jpg
Reconstruction of Acantherpestes major
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Diplopoda
Subclass: Chilognatha
Superorder:† Archipolypoda
Scudder, 1882
Orders

Archidesmida
Cowiedesmida
Euphoberiida
Palaeosomatida

Contents

Synonyms

Macrosterni Fritsch, 1899
Palaeocoxopleura Verhoeff, 1928

Cross-section (left) and side view (right) of a Euphoberiid archipolypodan body segment showing prominent tergal spines and two pair of legs. Archipolypoda Cross-section.jpg
Cross-section (left) and side view (right) of a Euphoberiid archipolypodan body segment showing prominent tergal spines and two pair of legs.

Archipolypoda is an extinct group of millipedes known from fossils in Europe and North America and containing the earliest known land animals. [1] The Archipolypoda was erected by Scudder (1882) [2] but redefined in 2005 with the description of several new species from Scotland. [3] Distinguishing characteristics include relatively large eyes with densely packed ocelli (sometimes interpreted as compound eyes), and modified leg pairs on the 8th body ring. [3] [4] Some species had prominent spines while others had a flattened appearance. [3] [5]

Classification

The Archipolypoda as currently recognized consists of four orders, [6] many with monotypic families and genera, as well as five species of uncertain placement ( incertae sedis ). [3] [7]

Archidesmida Wilson & Anderson, 2004

Cowiedesmida Wilson & Anderson, 2004

Euphoberiida Hoffman, 1969

Palaeosomatida Hannibal & Krzeminski, 2005. Carboniferous, UK and Poland [9]


Order incertae sedis

See also

References

  1. ↑ Selden, Paul; Helen Read (2008). "The Oldest Land Animals: Silurian Millipedes from Scotland" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Myriapod & Isopod Group. 23: 36–37.
  2. ↑ Scudder, Samuel H. (1882). "Archipolypoda, a Subordinal Type of Spined Myriapods from the Carboniferous Formation". Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History. 3 (5): 143.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Wilson, Heather M.; Anderson, Lyall I. (2004). "Morphology and taxonomy of Paleozoic millipedes (Diplopoda: Chilognatha: Archipolypoda) from Scotland". Journal of Paleontology. 78 (1): 169–184. Bibcode:2004JPal...78..169W. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<0169:MATOPM>2.0.CO;2. JSTOR   4094847. S2CID   131201588.
  4. ↑ Sierwald, Petra; Bond, Jason E. (2007). "Current Status of the Myriapod Class Diplopoda (Millipedes): Taxonomic Diversity and Phylogeny". Annual Review of Entomology. 52 (1): 401–420. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.52.111805.090210. PMID   17163800.
  5. ↑ Wilson, Heather M.; Daeschler, Edward B.; Desbiens, Sylvain (2005). "New Flat-Backed Archipolypodan Millipedes from the Upper Devonian of North America". Journal of Paleontology. 79 (4): 738–744. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0738:NFAMFT]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR   4095046. S2CID   140190612.
  6. ↑ Shear, William A.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2010). "The geological record and phylogeny of the Myriapoda". Arthropod Structure & Development. 39 (2–3): 174–190. Bibcode:2010ArtSD..39..174S. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2009.11.002. PMID   19944188.
  7. ↑ Wilson, Heather M. (2005). "A new genus of Archipolypodan millipede from the Coseley Lagerstatte, Upper Carboniferous, UK". Palaeontology. 48 (5): 1097–1100. Bibcode:2005Palgy..48.1097W. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00496.x .
  8. 1 2 3 Suarez, Stephanie E.; Brookfield, Michael E.; Catlos, Elizabeth J.; Stöckli, Daniel F. (2017-06-28). "A U-Pb zircon age constraint on the oldest-recorded air-breathing land animal". PLOS ONE. 12 (6): e0179262. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1279262S. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179262 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   5489152 . PMID   28658320.
  9. ↑ Hannibal, Joseph T.; Krzeminski, Wieslaw (2005). "A palaeosomatid millipede (Archipolypoda: palaeosomatida) from the Carboniferous (Namurian A) of Silesia, Poland". Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne. 74 (3): 205–217.
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