| Arianta arbustorum | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Shell of Arianta arbustorum (syntype at MNHN, Paris) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Heterobranchia |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Helicidae |
| Genus: | Arianta |
| Species: | A. arbustorum |
| Binomial name | |
| Arianta arbustorum | |
| Synonyms | |
Arianta arbustorum, sometimes known as the copse snail, is a medium-sized species of pulmonate land snail in the family Helicidae. [3]
Several subspecies are recognized by some authors:
This species is native to Europe:
Arianta arbustorum is introduced to North America, but is only known from Canada, where established populations are known from Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Ontario, [7] and Prince Edward Island. [8]
This species has not yet become established in the US, but it is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest, an invasive species which could negatively affect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce. Therefore, it has been suggested that this species be given top national quarantine significance in the USA. [9]
The shell is usually brown with numerous pale yellowish rows of spots and usually with a brown band above the periphery, occasionally yellowish, reddish or with greenish hue, weakly striated and with fine spiral lines on the upper side. [4] The shell has 5-5.5 convex whorls with deep suture. [4] The last whorl is slightly descending near the aperture. [4] The aperture is with prominent white lip inside. [4] The apertural margin is reflected. [4] Umbilicus is entirely covered by the reflected columellar margin. [4]
The width of the shell is 18–25 mm. [4] The height of the shell is 12–22 mm. [4] Dimensions are locally variable. [4]
The shell shape is globular in most present-day populations, but originally is believed to have been depressed in the Pleistocene, before lowlands were invaded and shells became globular, re-invading mountain regions except some isolated spots among glaciers. [4]
The animal is usually black. [4]
Arianta arbustorum lives in forests and open habitats of any kind. [4] It requires humidity. [4] It lives also in disturbed habitats (not in Ireland where it is restricted to old native woodland). [4] It may locally tolerate non-calcareous substrate, in north Scotland also on sandhills. [4] In the Alps up to 2700 m, in Britain 1200 m, in Bulgaria 1500 m. [4]
It feeds on green herbs, dead animals and faeces. [4]
If snails hatched more than 50 m distant from each other, they are considered isolated since they would not move more than 25 m (neighbourhood area 32–50 m), usually they move about 7–12 m in a year, mostly along water currents. [4]
This species of snail makes and uses calcareous love darts during mating. Reproduction is usually after copulation, but self-fertilization is also possible. [4] The size of the egg is 3.2 mm. [10] Maturity is reached after 2–4 years. [4] The maximum age up to 14 years. [4]
Angiostrongylus vasorum has successfully experimentally infected this snail. [11]
Metaldehyde and iron phosphate can be used to exterminate snails. [12] Since copper generates electric shocks that make it difficult for snails to move, it makes a great barrier material for them. [13]
Helix is a genus of large, air-breathing land snails native to the western Palaearctic and characterized by a globular shell.
The grove snail, brown-lipped snail or lemon snail is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc.
Helix pomatia, common names the Roman snail, Burgundy snail, or escargot, is a species of large, air-breathing stylommatophoran land snail native to Europe. It is characterized by a globular brown shell. It is an edible species. Helix pomatia commonly occurs synanthropically throughout its range.
Conus marmoreus, common name the "marbled cone", is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails, cone shells or cones. It is the type species for the genus Conus. This is a species which is believed to feed mostly on marine molluscs including other cone snails. This snail is venomous, like all cone snails.
Helicidae is a large, diverse family of western Palaearctic, medium to large-sized, air-breathing land snails, sometimes called the "typical snails." It includes some of the largest European land snails, several species are common in anthropogenic habitats, and some became invasive on other continents. A number of species in this family are valued as food items, including Cornu aspersum the brown or garden snail, and Helix pomatia. The biologies of these two species in particular have been thoroughly studied and documented.
Helicigona lapicida is a species of medium-sized, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helicidae, the typical snails.
Noricella oreinos is a species of small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. This species is endemic to Austria.
Arianta is a medium-sized genus of European land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicidae.
Pupilla muscorum, commonly known as the Moss Chrysalis snail or widespread column, is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupillidae.
Papillifera papillaris, also known as Papillifera bidens, is a species of small, air-breathing land snail with a clausilium, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. This is a Mediterranean species.
Chicoreus ramosus, common name the ramose murex or branched murex, is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails. It is considered an economically important species in the Indo-West Pacific, especially in India.
Conus ammiralis, common name the admiral cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Conus bullatus, common name the bubble cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Conus capitaneus, common name the captain cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Conus generalis, common name the general cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Oxymeris maculata, common name the marlinspike auger, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Terebridae, the auger snails.
Lotoria lotoria, common name the black-spotted snail or washing bath triton, is a species of predatory sea snail, a tropical marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cymatiidae. This species was previously known as Cymatium lotorium.
This article incorporates public domain text from the reference. [4]
