Arisaema pusillum | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Alismatales |
Family: | Araceae |
Genus: | Arisaema |
Species: | A. pusillum |
Binomial name | |
Arisaema pusillum (Peck) Nash [1] | |
Synonyms [2] | |
A. pusillum
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Arisaema pusillum is a species of flowering plant in the arum family Araceae. [2] It is a member of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, a group of closely related taxa in eastern North America. The specific name pusillum, which means "very small, slender", [3] describes the overall size of the plant relative to that of the more common Arisaema triphyllum. [4] It is commonly known as the small Jack-in-the-pulpit (or small Jack). It is sometimes referred to as the swamp Jack, not to be confused with Arisaema stewardsonii , which is also known by that name.
Arisaema pusillum is a herbaceous, perennial, flowering plant growing from a corm. Like other members of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, it has three leaflets per leaf. Throughout most of its range, it is a relatively small plant, seldom over 3.5 dm (14 in) tall. [4] In Georgia and Florida, it can reach up to 1.2 m (47 in) tall, but some botanists refer to the latter as Arisaema acuminatum . [5]
The overall habit and character of Arisaema pusillum is very similar to that of Arisaema stewardsonii but the latter is easily distinguished by its strongly fluted spathe tube. Arisaema pusillum is less like Arisaema triphyllum sensu stricto, but since a diagnostic character is lacking, the two species are more difficult to distinguish in practice. The following table of characters compares the three species side-by-side: [5] [6] [7]
Arisaema pusillum | Arisaema stewardsonii | Arisaema triphyllum | |
---|---|---|---|
Leaflets | Light green, glossy underneath | Light green, glossy underneath | Glaucous underneath |
Spathe tube | Smooth to slightly fluted | Strongly fluted | Smooth to slightly fluted |
Spathe hood | Wholly purple or wholly green, rarely purple with fine green stripes | Green with purple stripes | Green with purple stripes or wholly green |
Spathe flange | Revolute, 1–3 mm wide | Revolute, 1–3 mm wide | Flat or slightly revolute, 4.5–7 mm wide |
Spadix appendix | Cylindric (shaped like a cylinder), 2–5 mm in diameter | Cylindric, 2–5 mm in diameter | Clavate (shaped like a club), 4–10 mm in diameter |
Habitat | Hydric (wet) deciduous woodlands, swamps, wetlands | Hydric deciduous woodlands, bogs, swamps, wetlands | Mesic (moist) deciduous woodlands |
Range | Primarily southeastern U.S. | Primarily northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada | Wide ranging across eastern North America |
Arisaema pusillum was first described as Arisaema triphyllum var. pusillum by Charles Horton Peck in his Report of the State Botanist of 1897. [8] Peck's description was based on a specimen collected by Fred Thorne in Millbrook, New York, also in 1897. The variety was given species rank by the American botanist George Valentine Nash in 1901. [4] As of February 2023 [update] , the name Arisaema pusillum(Peck) Nash is widely recognized.
Arisaema pusillum is a member of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, a group of closely related taxa that also includes Arisaema acuminatum, Arisaema quinatum, Arisaema stewardsonii, and Arisaema triphyllum. As of March 2023 [update] , some authorities consider Arisaema pusillum to be a synonym for Arisaema triphyllum or A. triphyllum subsp. pusillum, [9] [10] [11] However, most authorities accept Arisaema pusillum and the other species-level members of the complex. [5] [12] [13] [14]
Arisaema pusillum is found primarily in the eastern United States, from Louisiana and Mississippi, northward to New York and southern New England. Some sources claim that it occurs as far north as Ontario and Quebec in eastern Canada, [2] [10] [15] while others claim its range extends to New York and southeastern Connecticut but no further. [6] In the southeastern United States, it is common throughout the Appalachian Mountains, from northern Alabama to West Virginia. [16]
The global conservation status of Arisaema pusillum is unknown. Based on the conservation status of Arisaema triphyllum subsp. pusillum, [15] it may be inferred that Arisaema pusillum is globally secure (G5). It is uncommon (or worse) in New York (S3?), Quebec (S2?), Illinois (S1S2), and West Virginia (S1).
Trillium is a genus of about fifty flowering plant species in the family Melanthiaceae. Trillium species are native to temperate regions of North America and Asia, with the greatest diversity of species found in the southern Appalachian Mountains in the southeastern United States.
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Goldenrod is a common name for many species of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae, commonly in reference to the genus Solidago.
Arisaema is a large and diverse genus of the flowering plant family Araceae. The largest concentration of species is in China and Japan, with other species native to other parts of southern Asia as well as eastern and central Africa, Mexico and eastern North America. Asiatic species are often called cobra lilies, while western species are often called jack-in-the-pulpit; both names refer to the distinctive appearance of the flower, which consists of an erect central spadix rising from a spathe.
Arisaema triphyllum, the Jack-in-the-pulpit, is a species of flowering plant in the arum family Araceae. It is a member of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, a group of four or five closely related taxa in eastern North America. The specific name triphyllum means "three-leaved", a characteristic feature of the species, which is also referred to as Indian turnip, bog onion, and brown dragon.
Tiarella, the foamflowers, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Saxifragaceae. The generic name Tiarella means "little turban", which suggests the shape of the seed capsules. Worldwide there are seven species, one each in eastern Asia and western North America, plus five species in eastern North America. As of October 2022, the taxonomy of Tiarella in eastern North America is in flux.
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Arisaema quinatum is a species of flowering plant in the arum family Araceae. It is a member of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, a group of closely related taxa in eastern North America. The specific name quinatum means "divided into five lobes", a reference to its characteristic leaves. It is commonly known as the southern Jack-in-the-pulpit but some refer to it as Preacher John.
Arisaema stewardsonii is a species of flowering plant in the arum family Araceae. It is a member of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, a group of closely related taxa in eastern North America. The specific name stewardsonii honors American botanist Stewardson Brown (1867–1921). It is commonly known as the bog Jack-in-the-pulpit. It is sometimes referred to as the swamp Jack-in-the-pulpit, not to be confused with Arisaema pusillum, which is also known by that name.
Arisaema acuminatum is a species of flowering plant in the arum family Araceae. It is a member of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, a group of closely related taxa in eastern North America. The specific name acuminatum means "with a long, narrow and pointed tip", which describes the shape of the spathe hood. The species is commonly known as the Florida Jack-in-the-pulpit.
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