A special economic zone (SEZ) is an area in which the business and trade laws are different from the rest of the country. SEZs are located within a country's national borders, and their aims include increasing trade balance, employment, increased investment, job creation and effective administration. To encourage businesses to set up in the zone, financial policies are introduced. These policies typically encompass investing, taxation, trading, quotas, customs and labour regulations. Additionally, companies may be offered tax holidays, where upon establishing themselves in a zone, they are granted a period of lower taxation.
Aceh, officially the Province of Aceh, is the westernmost province of Indonesia. It is located on the northern end of Sumatra island, with Banda Aceh being its capital and largest city. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west, Strait of Malacca to the northeast, as well bordering the province of North Sumatra to the east, its sole land border, and shares maritime borders with Malaysia and Thailand to the east, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India to the north. Granted a special autonomous status, Aceh is a religiously conservative territory and the only Indonesian province practicing Sharia law officially. There are ten indigenous ethnic groups in this region, the largest being the Acehnese people, accounting for approximately 70% of the region's population of about 5.5 million people in mid-2023. Its area is comparable to Croatia or Togo.
An industrial park, also known as industrial estate or trading estate, is an area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development. An industrial park can be thought of as a more heavyweight version of a business park or office park, which has offices and light industry, rather than heavy industry. Industrial parks are notable for being relatively simple to build; they often feature speedily erected single-space steel sheds, occasionally in bright colours.
Batam, officially the City of Batam, is the largest city in the Indonesian province of Riau Islands. The city administrative area covers three main islands of Batam, Rempang, and Galang, as well as Bulang to the west and several smaller islands. Batam Island is the core urban and industrial zone, while both Rempang Island and Galang Island maintain their rural character and low-density population; they are connected to Batam Island by short bridges. Bulang Island and the islands to its north forming Belakang Padang District lie to the west of Batam Island but are also administratively within the city. Batam is an industrial boomtown, an emerging transport hub, and part of a free trade zone in the Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore Growth Triangle, located 20 km (12 mi) off Singapore's south coast.
In justifying opening up and the series of economic reforms that ensued in China, Deng Xiaoping referred to Karl Marx and his theories, which predicted that nations need to undergo urbanization and a stage of capitalism for a natural socialist transition. One of the most renowned reforms under Deng was establishing four "special economic zones" along the Southeastern coast of China, with Shenzhen, Shantou, and Zhuhai located in Guangdong province and Xiamen located in Fujian province. The four aforementioned special economic zones were all established from 1980 to 1981. As of 2024, there have been 3 additional special economic zones. In 1988, Hainan became the fifth "SEZ". In 1990, Pudong district in Shanghai became the sixth "SEZ". In 2009, Binhai district in Tianjin became the seventh "SEZ". Special economic zones (SEZs) in mainland China are granted more free market-oriented economic policies and flexible governmental measures by the government of China, compared to the planned economy elsewhere.
PT Pertamina (Persero) is an Indonesian state-owned oil and natural gas corporation, located in Jakarta. It was created in August 1968 by the merger of Pertamin (established 1961) and Permina (established in 1957). In 2020, the firm was the third-largest crude oil producer in Indonesia behind US-based companies ExxonMobil's Mobil Cepu Ltd and Chevron Pacific Indonesia. According to the 2020 Fortune Global 500 list. Pertamina is the largest company in Indonesia.
The Coega Special Economic Zone (SEZ), established in 1999 and 9 003 ha in extent, is situated near Gqeberha in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The initiative is a multibillion-dollar industrial development complex customised for heavy, medium and light industries, and adjacent to a deep-water port, the Port of Ngqura. The Coega Development Corporation (CDC) is the developer and operator of the Coega SEZ and is responsible for the land side infrastructure, while the Transnet National Ports Authority (TNPA) develops the deep-water port facility, the Port of Ngqura.
Lhokseumawe, is the second largest city in Aceh province, Indonesia, having recently overtaken Langsa. The city covers an area of 181.06 square kilometres, and had a population of 171,163 at the 2010 census and 188,713 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 196,067. The city is a key regional centre important for the economy of Aceh.
Pidie Regency is a regency of Aceh Special region, in Indonesia. It is located in the north of the island of Sumatra, in Western Indonesia, bordered by the Malacca Strait and Pidie Jaya Regency in the north, Aceh Besar Regency in the west, Bireuen Regency in the northeast, and Aceh Jaya Regency in the south. The regency covers an area of 3,184.46 square kilometres and had a population of 379,108 people at the 2010 Census and 435,275 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 448,085 - comprising 223,208 males and 224,877 females. Pidie was the largest rice-producing area of Aceh province, producing some 20% of its total output.
Bitung, officially the City of Bitung, is a coastal city at the north-eastern edge of the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia. Bitung is located in the province of North Sulawesi, and faces Lembeh Island, and the Lembeh Strait, which is known for its colourful marine life, in particular sea slugs. Bitung has a population of 187,932 at the 2010 Census, making it the second most populated city in the province after the capital Manado, rising to 225,134 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 232,440.
North Aceh Regency is a regency in Indonesia's Aceh Province - which was formerly called the Aceh special territory in 1959–2001), and then Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam in 2001–2009), before reverting to Aceh Province in 2009. It is located on the island of Sumatra. The regency covers an area of 3,296.86 square kilometres and had a population of 534,085 at the 2010 census and 602,793 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 624,582.
Malikus Saleh Airport is an airport located in Pinto Makmur, Muara Batu, North Aceh Regency, Aceh province. The airport operated by Pertamina, and later by Government of North Aceh Regency.
The Arun gas field is a natural gas field located in the Aceh province on north Sumatra, Indonesia. It was discovered by Mobil Oil Corporation in 1971 and has been described as "the most lucrative LNG operation in the twentieth century." The field began production of natural gas and condensates in 1975.
Tanjung Lesung Beach is a beach in Pandeglang Regency, Banten, western tip of Java. It is 160 kilometres (99 mi) from the capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta, and can be reached by car or public bus in about a 3-4-hour drive. It is known as a beach resort with sea views, having a 15-kilometre (9.3 mi) white sand coastline and also marine life where visitors can enjoy snorkeling, diving as well as fishing. The area has been declared as a "cultural heritage" since the location is near Ujung Kulon National Park, Mount Krakatau and Umang Island.
The Port of Krueng Geukueh, sometimes called the Port of Lhokseumawe, is a seaport in Aceh, Indonesia, located on the Strait of Malacca.
Java Integrated Industrial and Ports Estate or JIIPE is an industrial area, integrated with deep sea port, residential estate and industrial area at Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. The project is located 24 km from Surabaya. It is a Public Private Partnership development, which is jointly developed by PT Usaha Era Pratama Nusantara, a subsidiary of PT AKR Corporindo Tbk, and PT Berlian Jasa Terminal Indonesia, a subsidiary of state owned company Pelindo III.
Mandalika is a coastal resort area in Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. It is designated as a special economic zone which stretches over 1,035.67 hectares of the southern coast of the island of Lombok. Mandalika is 17 km straight from Lombok International Airport and approximately 50 km from the city centre of Mataram, the province's capital. It was inaugurated by Indonesian President Joko Widodo on 20 October 2017.
Sei Mangkei Special Economic Zone or abbreviated as Sei Mangkei KEK, is a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) located in Bosar Maligas district, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This SEZ has been established through Government Regulation No. 29 of 2012 on 27 February 2012. The development of SEZ Sei Mangkei is being focused mainly on Palm Oil and Rubber Processing Industry. SEZ Sei Mangkei was inaugurated by President Joko Widodo on January 27, 2015.
Legnica Special Economic Zone is a special economic zone in Poland, situated in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in the southwest of the country. Cited by the Polish Investment and Trade Agency as "one of the most dynamically developing regions in Poland", it lies near the border with Germany and the Czech Republic and comprises an area which includes the cities of Chojnow, Glogow, Legnica, Lubin, Zgorzelec, Zlotoryja and the communes of Chojnow, Gromadka, Iłowa, Kostomloty, Legnickie Pole, Miekinia, Milkowice, Polkowice, Prochowice, Prochowice, Przemkow, Radwanice, and Sroda Slaska.
