Atherigona orientalis

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Atherigona orientalis
Atherigona orientalis.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Muscidae
Genus: Atherigona
Species:
A. orientalis
Binomial name
Atherigona orientalis
Schiner, 1868

Atherigona orientalis, the tomato fly or pepper fruit fly, is a species of fly in the family Muscidae. [1] It is the only member of Atherigona known from the New World, but is common also in warmer parts of the Old World, especially the southern Palaearctic, throughout the Oriental and Afrotropical regions, Australia and into the Pacific, and almost every island as far east as Hawaii. [2]

Contents

It is considered a pest of capsicum and tomato in the European and Mediterranean region, but may also be a pest to other crops. [3]

Biology

Adults are frequently collected from garbage, dung, carrion and decaying food, and is considered an important vectors of faecal pathogens on Guam. [2] Larvae live in decaying fruit and vegetables, and adults live in houses and on windows, in rainforests, on flowers and dung. [2]

Eggs are laid on or under the calyx of ripe or rotten fruit. Eggs hatch after one day, and the total life cycle is 18 to 30 days long, depending on temperature and humidity. [3] Pupae are barrel shaped, yellow or orange, deepening to a reddish brown over time. [4]

Description

A body length of 3.5-4 mm in males, and up to 5 mm in females. [2] Setae and setulae are completely black. Mainly yellow beneath the pruinosity, orange-yellow frontal vitta. Palpi are yellow or brown. Prementum brown to dark brown. Scutellum dark and yellowish-grey. The legs of A. orientalis are almost fully yellow, brown in some places. Wings clear and between 2.5-3 mm for males and 2.5-4 mm for females in length. Ground colour of abdomen is yellow. [2]

This species can be quite variable, differing in colour from orange-yellow to dark brown. [2]

References

  1. Kalaisekar, A.; Padmaja, P.G.; Bhagwat, V.R.; Patil, J.V. (2017). Insect Pests of Millets: Systematics, Bionomics, and Management. Academic Press. ISBN   978-0-12-804243-4.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pont, Adrian (January 1986). "Studies on Australian Muscidae (Diptera). VII*. The genus Atherigona Rondani". Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series. 34 (120): 1. doi:10.1071/AJZS120.
  3. 1 2 "EPPO Alert List – Atherigona orientalis (Diptera: Muscidae)". www.eppo.int.
  4. Zhou, Zihao; Luo, Yujie; Qin, Jiawei; Wang, Xintong; Ning, Shuaijun; He, Jing; Zhou, Qiong (4 September 2025). "Occurrence, Biological Characteristics, and Annual Dynamics of Atherigona orientalis (Schiner 1968) (Diptera: Muscidae) in China". Insects. 16 (9): 931. doi: 10.3390/insects16090931 . PMID   41009112.