Attulus distinguendus

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Attulus distinguendus
Attulus distinguendus.jpg
Siberian morph
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Salticidae
Subfamily: Salticinae
Genus: Attulus
Species:
A. distinguendus
Binomial name
Attulus distinguendus
(Simon, 1868)
Synonyms [1]
  • Attus cinereusWestring, 1861 (invalid; preoccupied by Walckenaer, 1837)
  • Euophrys cinerea(Westring, 1861) (invalid)
  • Attulus cinereus(Westring, 1861) (invalid)
  • Attus distinguendusSimon, 1868
  • Attulus distinguendus(Simon, 1868)
  • Sitticus distinguendus(Simon, 1868)
  • Attus helveolusSimon, 1871 (replacement name for Attus cinereus)
  • Attulus helveolus(Simon, 1871)
  • Sitticus helveolus(Simon, 1871)
  • Attus histrioSimon, 1875
  • Attulus histrio(Simon, 1875)
  • Attus psammodesThorell, 1875
  • Sitticus psammodes(Thorell, 1875)
  • Attus solarisMenge, 1877
  • Attus ruficarpusSimon, 1884
  • Attulus ruficarpus(Simon, 1884)
  • Sitticus numeratusBösenberg & Strand, 1906
  • Sitticus paraviduusSchenkel, 1963

Attulus distinguendus, also called the distinguished jumper spider, [2] is a species of spider in the family Salticidae, the jumping spiders. Until 2017, it was placed in the genus Sitticus. It inhabits central and western Europe, the Palaearctic region, and eastern Asia.

Contents

Description

The spider has four forward-facing eyes (two small ones on the sides, two large ones in the middle). [3] Jumping spiders have good vision, second only to cephalopods among invertebrates. [4] The species are grey coloured with brown dots. [5]

Taxonomy

In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus Attulus from the genus Attus . Simon gave Attus cinereus Westring, 1861 as the type of the genus. However, this name had already been used by Walckenaer in 1837 for a different species, so Simon's 1871 replacement name Attus helveolus is used instead. A. helveolus is now regarded as the same species as Attus distinguendus, described by Simon in 1868, so having priority as a name. Thus Attulus distinguendus (under the original name Attus distinguendus) is the type of the genus. [1]

Distribution

The species has a Palearctic distribution. It is found in only two UK regions: North Kent, and South Essex. The species can also be found in countries like: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Romania and the Netherlands. [6] The species have also been recorded from Japan, the city of Shanxi and the South Yakutia. [7]

Ecology and habitat

The species prefers dry climate with a limited amount of vegetation. It lives in cement and stony clinker, and can be found in pulverised fuel ash as well. The spider feed in areas with a high salt concentration, which it finds on halophytic plants such as Salicornia. [8]

Threat level

The species are considered to be endangered in the Czech Republic, Norway, and in Flanders, Belgium. The species gained vulnerable status in Poland. The species are almost wiped out in Serbia. [6]

Related Research Articles

<i>Attulus</i> Genus of spiders

Attulus is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, -attus.

Tomis is a genus of South American jumping spiders that was first described by F.O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1901. The genus Pseudattulus, erected by Lodovico di Caporiacco in 1947, was formerly considered distinct with two species, but was placed in synonymy in 2020 when Tomis was re-separated from Sitticus.

A. solaris may refer to:

<i>Thelacantha</i> Genus of spiders

Thelacantha is a genus of orb-weaver spiders containing the single species, Thelacantha brevispina. It was first described by A. W. M. van Hasselt in 1882, and has been found in Australia, Madagascar, and across southern Asia from India to Philippines, including Japan. It has also been introduced into Hawaii. T. brevispina is closely related those in the genus Gasteracantha, and was briefly synonymized with it in 1859, but revalidated in 1974. Saito described three other Thelacantha species in 1933, which were later synonymized with T. brevispina.

Attulus caricis is a species of spider in the family Salticidae. It has a Palearctic distribution, including Britain. Until 2017, it was placed in the genus Sitticus.

<i>Attulus terebratus</i> Species of spider

Attulus terebratus is a species of spiders from the family Salticidae, found in all European countries except for Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, and the former Yugoslavian states. It is also commonly found in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Turkey.

<i>Attulus saltator</i> Species of spider

Attulus saltator is a species of jumping spider, from the Sitticinae subfamily. It was first described by Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1868 and has a Palearctic distribution, including Great Britain.

<i>Attulus inexpectus</i> Species of spider

Attulus inexpectus is a species of spider from family Salticidae, found in from Europe to central Asia. It was previously misidentified as Attulus rupicola.

<i>Attulus floricola</i> Species of spider

Attulus floricola is a species of jumping spider with a Palearctic distribution. They are typically 4–4.5 millimetres (0.16–0.18 in) in length. Females are dark reddish brown, with an almost black anterior.

<i>Attulus fasciger</i> Species of spider

Attulus fasciger is a species of spider from the family Salticidae native to northern and western Asia. However, it has also been introduced to North America.

Attulus nenilini is a jumping spider species that lives in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. It was first described in 1993 and named Sitticus nenilini but was moved to the genus Attulus in 2017.

Attulus talgarensis is a jumping spider species that lives in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. It was first described in 1993 and named Sitticus talgarensis but was moved to the genus Attulus in 2017.

Attulus penicilloides is a jumping spider species that lives in North Korea. The female was first described by Wanda Wesołowska in 1993 and named Sitticus penicilloides in the genus Sitticus but was moved to the genus Attulus in 2017.

<i>Attinella</i> Genus of jumping spiders

Attinella is a genus of North American jumping spiders. It was first described by Nathan Banks in 1905 based on the type species Attinella dorsata. As of March 2022 it contains only three species: A. concolor, A. dorsata, and A. juniperi. It was synonymized with Sitticus from 1979 to 2017, when the genus Sittiab was split from Sitticus by Prószyński in 2017, and Attinella was recognized as its senior synonym.

Attulus eskovi is a jumping spider species in the family Salticidae that was first described in 1995.

<i>Pellenes brevis</i> Species of spider

Pellenes brevis is a species of jumping spider in the genus Pellenes. Initially named Attus brevis, the species was first identified in 1878 in France and Spain. It has subsequently been found in many countries in southern Europe and western Asia from Portugal to Iran. The spider is very dark brown or black, with a distinctive white semi-circle marking on the abdomen. The female is larger than the male, measuring up to 5.3 millimetres (0.21 in) in length. It lays its eggs in snail shells.

<i>Pellenes nigrociliatus</i> Species of spider

Pellenes nigrociliatus is a jumping spider species in the genus Pellenes.

<i>Pellenes geniculatus</i> Species of arachnid

Pellenes geniculatus is a jumping spider species in the genus Pellenes. First named Attus geniculatus by Eugène Simon in 1868, it was given its current name by Simon in 1876. A small spider, between 3.35 and 5 mm long, it has a large range that stretches across Southern Europe, Africa and Central Asia. There is some variation between those found in Africa and in Europe and Asia, the former generally being slightly smaller. The head has a distinctive pattern of lines formed of white scales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sitticini</span> Tribe of spiders

The Sitticini are a tribe of spiders in the family Salticidae. The tribe has been divided into two subtribes, Aillutticina, with five Neotropical genera, and Sitticina, with five genera from Eurasia and the Americas. One genus is unplaced within the tribe. The taxonomy of the tribe has been subject to considerable uncertainty. It was clarified in 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amycoida</span> Clade of spiders

Amycoida is an unranked clade of the jumping spider family Salticidae. It is the smaller and less widespread of the two subdivisions of the "typical" jumping spiders, occurring mainly in the New World, particularly the Amazon basin. Its sister clade is the Salticoida.

References

  1. 1 2 "Taxon details Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868)", World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 25 August 2020
  2. Name Retrieved 8 July 2024.
  3. Facial description Retrieved 8 July 2024.
  4. "Distinguished jumping spider". Buglife. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  5. "Picture: Sitticus distinguendus female". British Bugs. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  6. 1 2 "Summary for Sitticus distinguendus (Araneae)". British Bugs. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  7. "Species Account for Sitticus distinguendus". The Essex Field Club. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
  8. Habitat Retrieved 8 July 2024.