Berberis oiwakensis

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Berberis oiwakensis
Mahonia oiwakensis.jpg
Berberis oiwakensis
Mahonia oiwakensis 1.jpg
Flowers of Berberis oiwakensis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Berberidaceae
Genus: Berberis
Species:
B. oiwakensis
Binomial name
Berberis oiwakensis
Synonyms
Synonyms
  • Berberis caelicolor(S.Y.Bao) Laferr. (1997)
  • Berberis discolorifolia(Ahrendt) Laferr. (1997)
  • Berberis lomariifolia(Takeda) Laferr. (1997)
  • Berberis lomariifolia var. estylis(C.Y.Wu ex S.Y.Bao) Laferr. (1997)
  • Berberis pucaLaferr. (1997)
  • Mahonia alexandriC.K.Schneid. (1917)
  • Mahonia caelicolorS.Y.Bao (1987)
  • Mahonia discolorifoliaAhrendt (1961)
  • Mahonia hainanensisC.M.Hu, Ze X.Li & F.W.Xing (1994)
  • Mahonia lomariifoliaTakeda (1917)
  • Mahonia lomariifolia var. estylisC.Y.Wu ex S.Y.Bao (1987)
  • Mahonia morrisonensisTakeda (1917)
  • Mahonia oiwakensisHayata (1916)
  • Mahonia oiwakensis subsp. lomariifolia(Takeda) J.M.H.Shaw (2011)
  • Mahonia oiwakensis var. tenuifoliolaJ.M.H.Shaw (2011)

Berberis oiwakensis is a species of plant in the barberry family, Berberidaceae. It is native to Taiwan, China (Guizhou, Hong Kong, Sichuan, Xizang (Tibet) and Yunnan) and Myanmar, where it occurs at elevations of 600 to 3800 m. [2] It has recently been found naturalized in South Africa. [3]

Contents

Description

Berberis oiwakensis is a shrub or tree up to 7 m tall. Leaves are up to 45 cm long, compound with 12-20 pairs of leaflets plus a larger terminal one, dark green above, yellow-green below. The inflorescence is a fascicled raceme up to 25 cm long. The berries are egg-shaped, dark blue, sometimes almost black, up to 8 mm long. [2] [4]

Taxonomy

Berberis oiwakensis was first scientifically described and named Mahonia oiwakensis by Bunzō Hayata in 1916. [5] [4] One year later Hisayoshi Takeda described a species that he named Mahonia lomariifolia. [5] [6] Under that name, it was considered to occur only in mainland China, while Mahonia oiwakensis was limited to Taiwan. Modern taxonomic sources unite the two as a single species with priority going to the first description. [5] Because of differences between the Taiwanese and mainland Chinese plants, Julian Shaw described them as separate subspecies of Mahonia oiwakensis in 2011. [5] [7] However, this has not yet been accepted by the majority of botanists. In addition, there has been a longstanding disagreement on if Mahonia should be more properly classified as a synonym of Berberis . A paper was published by Joseph Edward Laferrière in 1997 summarized the arguments in favor of classification in Berberis and published a new name for the species, Berberis oiwakensis. [5] [8] As of 2023, this is the most widely accepted classification. [5] [9]

Hybrids

Berberis oiwakensis is one parent of the important garden hybrid Berberis × hortensis, which includes popular cultivars such as 'Charity', 'Winter Sun' and 'Lionel Fortescue' (the other parent is Berberis japonica ). [10] It is also a parent of the cultivar 'Arthur Menzies', though with Berberis bealei as the other parent. [11] In the wild in Taiwan, Berberis oiwakensis appears to hybridize with wild Berberis japonica. [7]

Berberis oiwakensis subsp. lomariifolia has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. [12] [13]

Related Research Articles

<i>Mahonia</i> Genus of flowering plants belonging to the barberry family

Mahonia is a formerly accepted genus of approximately 70 species of shrubs or, rarely, small trees with evergreen leaves in the family Berberidaceae, native to eastern Asia, the Himalaya, North America, and Central America. They are closely related to the genus Berberis and as of 2023 the majority of botanical sources list it as a synonym for Berberis.

<i>Berberis</i> Genus of flowering plants representing the barberry family

Berberis, commonly known as barberry, is a large genus of deciduous and evergreen shrubs from 1–5 m (3.3–16.4 ft) tall, found throughout temperate and subtropical regions of the world. Species diversity is greatest in South America and Asia; Europe, Africa and North America have native species as well. The best-known Berberis species is the European barberry, Berberis vulgaris, which is common in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and central Asia, and has been widely introduced in North America. Many of the species have spines on the shoots and all along the margins of the leaves.

Berberis decipiens is a species of shrub in the Berberidaceae described as a species in 1913. It is endemic to Hubei Province in China. The species is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN.

<i>Berberis japonica</i> Species of flowering plant

Berberis japonica is a species of flowering plant in the family Berberidaceae, native to Taiwan. Despite the name, it is not native to Japan, though it has been known in cultivation there for centuries. The wild origins of this species have long puzzled botanists, but wild plants in Taiwan, previously known under the name Mahonia tikushiensis, appear most similar to the cultivated forms of B. japonica.

Berberis × hortensis is an interspecific hybrid shrub. Its parents are Berberis oiwakensis and Berberis japonica. It was raised in gardens during the 20th century, and has become an important garden and landscape plant.

<i>Berberis fortunei</i> Species of shrub

Berberis fortunei is a species of shrubs in the family Berberidaceae, the barberry family, described as a species in 1846. It is endemic to China, found in the provinces of Chongqing, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, and Zhejiang. It is grown as an ornamental in many lands, with common names including Chinese mahonia, Fortune's mahonia, and holly grape.

<i>Berberis bealei</i> Species of shrub

Berberis bealei, also known as leatherleaf mahonia, Beale's barberry, or Oregon grape, is a species of evergreen shrub native to mainland China. The species has been regarded as the same species as Berberis japonica, native to Taiwan, but the two differ consistently in certain floral and leaf characters. Both species are widely cultivated in many countries as ornamentals. Berberis bealei has reportedly escaped cultivation and become established in the wild in scattered places in the south-eastern United States from Arkansas to Florida to Delaware.

Berberis bracteolata is a shrub in the Berberidaceae described as a species in 1917. It is endemic to China, known from Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces.

Berberis breviracema is a shrub in the Berberidaceae described as a species in 1985. It is endemic to China, native to Guangxi and probably Guizhou Provinces.

<i>Berberis eurybracteata</i> Species of shrub

Berberis eurybracteata is a species of shrub in the Berberidaceae described as a species in 1901. It is endemic to China.

Berberis fordii is a species of shrub in the Berberidaceae described as a species in 1913. It is endemic to China, found in Chongqing and Guangdong Provinces.

<i>Berberis gracilipes</i> Species of shrub

Berberis gracilipes is a shrub in the family Berberidaceae, first described in 1887. It is endemic to China, native to the Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces.

Berberis hancockiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Berberidaceae, first described in 1917. It is endemic to Yunnan Province in southwestern China.

Berberis leptodonta is a shrub in the family Berberidaceae, first described in 1938. It is endemic to China, found in Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces.

Berberis longibracteata is a shrub in the family Berberidaceae, first described as a species in 1917. It is endemic to China, found in Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces.

Berberis monyulensis is a shrub in the family Berberidaceae first described as a species in 1961. It is endemic to Tibet.

<i>Berberis napaulensis</i> Species of shrub

Berberis napaulensis Nepali: जमाने मान्द्रो is a shrub in the family Berberidaceae described as a species in 1821. It is native to China and the Himalayas. This species is used medicinally throughout the Sikkim Eastern Himalayas.

Berberis schochii is a shrub in the Berberidaceae described as a species in 1913. It is endemic to China, known from the provinces of Guizhou and Sichuan.

Berberis paucijuga is a shrub in the family Berberidaceae described as a species in 1987. It is endemic to the province of Yunnan in southwestern China.

Berberis polyodonta is a shrub in the Berberidaceae described as a species in 1901. It is native to Assam, Myanmar, and southwestern China.

References

  1. ↑ Pan, F.J. (1998). "Mahonia oiwakensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1998: e.T34757A9887847. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T34757A9887847.en . Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 Flora of China v 19 p 774,
  3. ↑ Jaca, T. P. 2017. Chinese hollygrape (Mahonia oiwakensis): newly detected weed. South African Plant Invaders Atlas (SAPIA) News 45:2-3. Last accessed February 15, 2018, from http://www.arc.agric.za/ARC%20Newsletters/SAPIA%20NEWS%20No.%2045,%20July%202017.pdf.
  4. 1 2 Hayata, Bunzo (1916). "Contributions to the Flora of Formosa". Icones Plantarum Formosanarum Nec non et Contributiones Ad Floram Formosanam. 6: 1–163 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Berberis oiwakensis (Hayata) Laferr". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  6. ↑ Takeda, Hisayoshi (1917). "Contributions to the Knowledge of the Old World Species of the Genus Mahonia". Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. 6 (29–30): 209–248 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  7. 1 2 Shaw, Julian (2011). "Developments in Mahonia" (PDF). The Plantsman. New Series. 10: 44–49.
  8. ↑ Laferrière, Joseph Edward (1997). "Transfer of Specific and Infraspecific Taxa from Mahonia to Berberis (Berberidaceae)". Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 82 (9): 95–98. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  9. ↑ WFO (2023). "Berberis oiwakensis (Hayata) Laferr". World Flora Online. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  10. ↑ Brickell, C.D. (1979). "The hybrids between Mahonia japonica and M. lomariifolia". The Plantsman. 1: 12–20.
  11. ↑ Witt, J.A. (1967). "Mahonia 'Arthur Menzies'". Arboretum Bulletin Washington. Spring: 14–15.
  12. ↑ "RHS Plantfinder - Mahonia oiwakensis subsp. lomariifolia" . Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  13. ↑ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 62. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
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