Berberidaceae

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Berberidaceae
Berberis darwinii shoot.jpg
Berberis darwinii shoot with flowers
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Berberidaceae
Juss.
Genera

See text

The Berberidaceae are a family of 18 genera of flowering plants commonly called the barberry family. This family is in the order Ranunculales. The family contains about 700 known species, [1] of which the majority are in the genus Berberis . The species include trees, shrubs and perennial herbaceous plants.

Contents

Taxonomy

The APG IV system of 2016 recognises the family and places it in the order Ranunculales in the clade eudicots. [2]

In some older treatments of the family, Berberidaceae only included four genera (Berberis, Epimedium, Mahonia, Vancouveria), with the other genera treated in separate families, Leonticaceae (Bongardia, Caulophyllum, Gymnospermium, Leontice), Nandinaceae (Nandina), and Podophyllaceae (Achlys, Diphylleia, Dysosma, Jeffersonia, Podophyllum, Ranzania, Sinopodophyllum).

Mahonia is very closely related to Berberis, and included in it by many botanists. However, recent DNA-based phylogenetic research has reinstated Mahonia, though with a handful of species transferred into the newly described genera Alloberberis (formerly Mahonia section Horridae) and Moranothamnus (formerly Mahonia claireae). [3] Species of Mahonia and Berberis can be hybridised, with the hybrids being classified in the genus × Mahoberberis. [4] [5]

Diphyllaea is closely related to or perhaps embedded within Podophyllum. Instead of the current trend to subdivide Podophyllum into three genera (Podophyllum, plus Dysosma and Sinopodophyllum), inclusion of Diphyllaea in a larger Podophyllum is equally warranted.

Genera are displayed in the following cladogram

AlloberberisC. C. Yu & K. F. Chung

Berberis L. including Mahonia Nutt. — barberry

Moranothamnus

Ranzania T. Itô (Japan)

Nandina Thunb. — heavenly bamboo (eastern Asia from the Himalaya to Japan)

Caulophyllum Michx. — blue cohosh

Gymnospermium Spach

Bongardia C. A. Mey.

Achlys DC. — vanilla-leaf

Diphylleia Michx. (southern Appalachian Mountains, northern Japan, and China)

Dysosma (China)

Podophyllum L. — mayapple (North America and Asia)

Sinopodophyllum (Afghanistan, Bhutan, northern India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan, Tibet, and western China)

Epimedium L.

Vancouveria Morren & Decne. — inside-out flower (western U.S.)

Jeffersonia W. Bartram — twinleaf

Plagiorhegma Maxim.

Leontice L. (Middle East to Central and Western Asia)

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ranunculales</span> Basal order of flowering plants in the eudicots

Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, because the name of the order is based on the name of a genus in that family. Ranunculales belongs to a paraphyletic group known as the basal eudicots. It is the most basal clade in this group; in other words, it is sister to the remaining eudicots. Widely known members include poppies, barberries, hellebores, and buttercups.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ceratophyllaceae</span> Family of aquatic plants

Ceratophyllaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants including one living genus commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. It is the only extant family in the order Ceratophyllales. Species are commonly called coontails or hornworts, although hornwort is also used for unrelated plants of the division Anthocerotophyta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nyssaceae</span> Family of trees

Nyssaceae is a family of flowering trees sometimes included in the dogwood family (Cornaceae). Nyssaceae is composed of 37 known species in the following five genera:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nartheciaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Nartheciaceae is a family of flowering plants. The APG III system places it in the order Dioscoreales, in the clade monocots. As circumscribed by APG IV (2016) it includes 35 species of herbaceous plants in the following five genera:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxalidaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

The Oxalidaceae, or wood sorrel family, are a small family of five genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees, with the great majority of the 570 species in the genus Oxalis. Members of this family typically have divided leaves, the leaflets showing "sleep movements", spreading open in light and closing in darkness.

<i>Mahonia</i> Genus of flowering plants belonging to the barberry family

Mahonia is a formerly accepted genus of approximately 70 species of shrubs or, rarely, small trees with evergreen leaves in the family Berberidaceae, native to eastern Asia, the Himalaya, North America, and Central America. They are closely related to the genus Berberis and as of 2023 the majority of botanical sources list it as a synonym for Berberis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buxaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

The Buxaceae are a small family of six genera and about 123 known species of flowering plants. They are shrubs and small trees, with a cosmopolitan distribution. A seventh genus, sometimes accepted in the past (Notobuxus), has been shown by genetic studies to be included within Buxus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asphodelaceae</span> Family of flowering plants in the order Asparagales

Asphodelaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Asparagales. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, but the circumscription has varied widely. In its current circumscription in the APG IV system, it includes about 40 genera and 900 known species. The type genus is Asphodelus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lardizabalaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Lardizabalaceae is a family of flowering plants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sabiaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Sabiaceae is a family of flowering plants that were placed in the order Proteales according to the APG IV system. It comprises three genera, Meliosma, Ophiocaryon and Sabia, with 66 known species, native to tropical to warm temperate regions of southern Asia and the Americas. The family has also been called Meliosmaceae Endl., 1841, nom. rej.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypoxidaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Hypoxidaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Circaeasteraceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Circaeasteraceae is a family of two species of herbaceous plants native to China and the Himalayas.

<i>Myrothamnus</i> Genus of shrubs

Myrothamnus is a genus of flowering plants, consisting of two species of small xerophytic shrubs, in the southern parts of tropical Africa and in Madagascar. Myrothamnus is recognized as the only genus in the family Myrothamnaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Staphyleaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Staphyleaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Crossosomatales, native to Europe, temperate and tropical Asia and the Americas. The largest genus Staphylea, which gives the family its name, contains the "bladdernut" trees. The family includes three genera with more than 40 known species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boryaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Boryaceae is a family of highly drought-tolerant flowering plants native to Australia, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family includes two genera, with twelve species in total in Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tecophilaeaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Tecophilaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. It consists of nine genera with a total of 27 species.

<i>Hydrostachys</i> Genus of flowering plants

Hydrostachys is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants native to Madagascar and southern and central Africa. It is the only genus in the family Hydrostachyaceae. All species of Hydrostachys are aquatic, growing on rocks in fast-moving water. They have tuberous roots, usually pinnately compound leaves, and highly reduced flowers on dense spikes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Huaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Huaceae is a family of plant in the rosids group, which has been classed in the orders Malpighiales, Malvales, and Violales or in its own order Huales. The APG II system placed it in the clade eurosids I, whereas the APG III system of 2009 and APG IV (2016) place it within the Oxalidales. The family is endemic to central Africa. It contains four species in the following two genera:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metteniusaceae</span> Family of trees

Metteniusaceae are a family of flowering plants, the only family in the order Metteniusales. It consists of about 10 genera and 50 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas, primarily of the tropics. The family was formerly restricted to just Metteniusa, but it is now expanded with a number of genera that were formerly placed in the widely polyphyletic Icacinaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Petiveriaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species.

References

  1. CHRISTENHUSZ, MAARTEN J.M.; BYNG, JAMES W. (2016-05-20). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201. doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 . ISSN   1179-3163.
  2. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016-05-01). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi: 10.1111/boj.12385 . ISSN   1095-8339.
  3. Yu, Chih-Chieh; Chung, Kuo-Fang (2017-12-22). "Why Mahonia? Molecular recircumscription of Berberis s.l., with the description of two new genera, Alloberberis and Moranothamnus". Taxon. 66 (6): 1371–1392. doi:10.12705/666.6.
  4. "Plants Profile for Mahoberberis". USDA PLANTS . Retrieved 2020-11-17.
  5. "Puccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals)". Invasive Species Compendium . Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International. 2019-12-10. Retrieved 2020-11-17.