Calycanthaceae

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Calycanthaceae
Temporal range: Turonian - recent [1]
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Possible Aptian record
Calycanthus floridus - sweet shrub - desc-flower.jpg
Calycanthus floridus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Calycanthaceae
Lindl. [2]
Genera

The Calycanthaceae (sweetshrubs or spicebushes) are a small family of flowering plants in the order Laurales. The family contains three genera and only 10 known species [3] , restricted to warm temperate and tropical regions:

Calycanthaceae

Calycanthus (three species; western and southeastern North America and one species in eastern Asia)

Chimonanthus (six species; eastern Asia)

Idiospermum (one species; Queensland, Australia)

They are aromatic, deciduous shrubs growing to 2–4 m tall, except for Idiospermum, which is a large evergreen tree. The flowers are white to red, with spirally arranged tepals. DNA-based phylogenies indicate the Northern Hemisphere Calycanthus and Chimonanthus diverged from each other in the mid-Miocene, while the Australian Idiospermum had already diverged by the Upper Cretaceous and likely represents a remnant of a former Gondwanan distribution of Calycanthaceae.

The oldest definitive fossil of the family is Jerseyanthus from the Turonian of New Jersey; the even earlier Araipa of Brazil and Virginianthus from Virginia may also represent members of the family, but may also be stem-Calycanthaceae or more basal Laurales. [1]

In the APG IV system of 2016, Calycanthaceae is placed in the Laurales order in the magnoliids clade. [4]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nyssaceae</span> Family of trees

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Petrosaviaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nartheciaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Schisandraceae</span> Family of flowering plants

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juncaginaceae</span> Family of aquatic plants

Juncaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, recognized by most taxonomists for the past few decades. It is also known as the arrowgrass family. It includes 3 genera with a total of 34 known species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypoxidaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trimeniaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

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<i>Euptelea</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tecophilaeaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basal angiosperms</span> Descendants of most extant flowering plants

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<i>Hydrostachys</i> Genus of flowering plants

Hydrostachys is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants native to Madagascar and southern and central Africa. It is the only genus in the family Hydrostachyaceae. All species of Hydrostachys are aquatic, growing on rocks in fast-moving water. They have tuberous roots, usually pinnately compound leaves, and highly reduced flowers on dense spikes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Huaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Huaceae is a family of plant in the rosids group, which has been classed in the orders Malpighiales, Malvales, and Violales or in its own order Huales. The APG II system placed it in the clade eurosids I, whereas the APG III system of 2009 and APG IV (2016) place it within the Oxalidales. The family is endemic to central Africa. It contains four species in the following two genera:

References

  1. 1 2 "Laurales". www.mobot.org. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
  2. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x .
  3. Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 .
  4. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi: 10.1111/boj.12385 . ISSN   0024-4074.