Bhariati | |
---|---|
भरीयाटी | |
Native to | India |
Region | Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal |
Ethnicity | Bharia |
Native speakers | 50,000 (approximate) (2018) [1] |
Indo-European
| |
Devanagari | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | bha |
Glottolog | bhar1241 |
Bhariati is an unclassified Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Patalkot Valley of Madhya Pradesh in central India. [2]
It is not clear how many of the Bharia people of the 1981 census figure, who were spread out over several states outside the Patalkot Valley, speak the Bhariati language, or a form of Hindi. Not all Bharia people are Bhariati speakers, and the extent of the language has not been determined. Some Bhariati speakers also hold that it is not distinctive enough to be called a language independent of other Indic languages. [2]
Bhariati has mistakenly been described as "Bharia language" in some texts, however, Bharia describes the Bharia people rather than the language. This publication Ethnologue and the adjacent Bible translation organization SIL International have characterized the language as Dravidian, but this claim is unsubstantiated and the basis for it is unclear. Linguistic research on the language is scant to date, but it has been posited to be an Indo-Aryan language on the basis of similarities to Hindustani and other languages derived from Sanskrit. The language has a number of cognate features to Hindustani, and incorporates loan words from it. [2]
Bhariati is primarily a spoken language which is rarely written, but writers who have used it have tended to use a Devanagari orthography as it has many phonetic features in common with other languages which use the script. [2]
The language is critically endangered. [3]
The Dravidian languages are a family of languages spoken by 250 million people, mainly in southern India, north-east Sri Lanka, and south-west Pakistan. Dravidian is first attested in the 2nd century BCE, as inscriptions in Tamil-Brahmi script on cave walls in the Madurai and Tirunelveli districts of Tamil Nadu.
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Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan, where it is also an official language alongside English. In India, Urdu is an Eighth Schedule language whose status and cultural heritage is recognized by the Constitution of India; it also has an official status in several Indian states. In Nepal, Urdu is a registered regional dialect and in South Africa it is a protected language in the constitution. It is also spoken as a minority language in Afghanistan and Bangladesh, with no official status.
Hindustani is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Deccan, Northern India and Pakistan, and used as a lingua franca in both countries. Hindustani is a pluricentric language with two standard registers, known as Hindi and Urdu. Thus, it is also called Hindi–Urdu. Colloquial registers of the language fall on a spectrum between these standards.
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The Hindi Belt, also known as the Hindi Heartland, is a linguistic region encompassing parts of northern, central and eastern India where various Northern, Western, Eastern and Central Indo-Aryan languages subsumed under the term 'Hindi' are spoken. The Hindi belt is sometimes also used to refer to nine Indian states whose official language is Modern Standard Hindi, namely Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and the union territory of Chandigarh and the National Capital Territory of Delhi. It is also sometimes broadly referred to as the Hindi–Urdu Belt or Hindustani Belt.
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