Biarum

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Biarum
Biarum tenuifolium.jpg
Biarum tenuifolium
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Alismatales
Family: Araceae
Subfamily: Aroideae
Tribe: Areae
Genus: Biarum
Schott 1832
Biarum distribution.svg
Range of the genus Biarum.
Synonyms [1]
  • HomaidAdans.
  • HomaidaRaf.
  • IscharumBlume
  • CylleniumSchott
  • LeptopetionSchott
  • StenurusSalisb.

Biarum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is composed of plants that are native to the Middle East, southern Europe (Spain, Portugal, Italy, Balkans), and North Africa. [1] [2] [3] [4] Biarum are often found growing in rock crevices and graveled soil composed largely of limestone.

The leaves of Biarum can be similar to grass or even oval. Their corms are spherical and the plants as a whole tend to be small. Many Biarum are quite similar in appearance to Arums. To flower Biarum required a dry rest period during summer. Their inflorescence tend to grow close to the ground and produce an extremely intense and unpleasant odor. The fruits produced tend to be camouflaged so as to resemble stones. It's not entirely known how they are dispersed, but one idea is that they have evolved to avoid seed dispersal since doing so in such inhospitable environments might not be conducive to its reproduction. [5]

Species
  1. Biarum aleppicum J.Thiébaut - Syria
  2. Biarum angustatum (Hook.f.) N.E.Br. - Syria, Israel
  3. Biarum auraniticum Mouterde - Syria
  4. Biarum bovei Blume - Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Iran
  5. Biarum carduchorum (Schott) Engl. - Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Iran
  6. Biarum carratracense (Willk.) Font Quer - southern Spain
  7. Biarum crispulum (Schott) Engl. - Turkey, Syria
  8. Biarum davisii Turrill - Crete
  9. Biarum dispar (Schott) Talavera - southern Spain, Sardinia, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Morocco
  10. Biarum ditschianum Bogner & P.C.Boyce - Turkey, Kastellorizo Island in Greece
  11. Biarum eximium (Schott & Kotschy) Engl. - Turkey, Jordan
  12. Biarum fraasianum (Schott) Nyman - Greece
  13. Biarum kotschyi (Schott) B.Mathew ex Riedl - Turkey
  14. Biarum marmarisense (P.C.Boyce) P.C.Boyce - Turkey, Symi Island in Greece
  15. Biarum mendax P.C.Boyce - southern Spain, Alto Alentejo Province in Portugal
  16. Biarum olivieri Blume - Egypt, Israel
  17. Biarum pyrami (Schott) Engl. - Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan
  18. Biarum rhopalospadix K.Koch - Greece
  19. Biarum straussii Engl. - Iran, Iraq
  20. Biarum syriacum (Spreng.) Riedl - Turkey, Syria
  21. Biarum tenuifolium (L.) Schott - Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia, Turkey

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<i>Ballota</i> Genus of flowering plants in the sage family Lamiaceae

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<i>Pothos</i> (plant) Genus of plants

Pothos is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, Australia, New Guinea, Southeast Asia, and various islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

<i>Himantoglossum</i>

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<i>Homalomena</i>

Homalomena is a genus of flowering plants within the family Araceae. Homalomena are primarily found in southern Asia and the southwestern Pacific, but there are a few species that are known to be indigenous to Latin America. Many Homalomena have a strong smell of anise. The name derives apparently from a mistranslated Malayan vernacular name, translated as homalos, meaning flat, and mene = moon.

<i>Schismatoglottis</i>

Schismatoglottis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. Members of the genus are similar in appearance and growth habit to those of the genus Homalomena, but the two genera are not closely related. The primary difference is that the leaves of Schismatoglottis are not aromatic. Schismatoglottis are found primarily in tropical parts of Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Melanesia. The majority of the species are native to the Island of Borneo.

  1. Schismatoglottis acutifoliaEngl. - Borneo
  2. Schismatoglottis adocetaS.Y.Wong - Sarawak
  3. Schismatoglottis ahmadiiA.Hay - Borneo
  4. Schismatoglottis ardeniiA.Hay - Sarawak
  5. Schismatoglottis asperataEngl. - Borneo
  6. Schismatoglottis barbataEngl. - Sarawak
  7. Schismatoglottis bauensisA.Hay & C.Lee - Sarawak
  8. Schismatoglottis bifasciataEngl. - Borneo
  9. Schismatoglottis bogneriA.Hay - Luzon, Mindoro
  10. Schismatoglottis brevicuspisHook.f. - Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra
  11. Schismatoglottis calyptrata(Roxb.) Zoll. & Moritzi - Guangxi, Taiwan, Indochina, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, Vanuatu
  12. Schismatoglottis canaliculataEngl. - Borneo
  13. Schismatoglottis ciliataA.Hay - Sarawak
  14. Schismatoglottis claraeA.Hay - Sarawak
  15. Schismatoglottis clausulaS.Y.Wong - Sarawak
  16. Schismatoglottis clemensiorumA.Hay - Sabah
  17. Schismatoglottis confinisS.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce - Sarawak
  18. Schismatoglottis conoideaEngl. - Sarawak
  19. Schismatoglottis convolvulaP.C.Boyce - Sarawak
  20. Schismatoglottis corneriA.Hay - Borneo, Anambas
  21. Schismatoglottis crinitissimaA.Hay - Borneo
  22. Schismatoglottis cyriaP.C.Boyce - Brunei
  23. Schismatoglottis decipiensA.Hay - Sabah
  24. Schismatoglottis dilectaS.Y.Wong, P.C.Boyce & S.L.Low - Sarawak
  25. Schismatoglottis dulosaS.Y.Wong - Sarawak
  26. Schismatoglottis ecaudataA.Hay - Sumatra
  27. Schismatoglottis edanoiA.Hay - Samar in Philippines
  28. Schismatoglottis elegansA.Hay - Sarawak
  29. Schismatoglottis erectaM.Hotta - Sarawak
  30. Schismatoglottis eximiaEngl. - Borneo
  31. Schismatoglottis eymaeA.Hay - Sulawesi
  32. Schismatoglottis ferrugineaMerr. - Sabah
  33. Schismatoglottis gamoandraM.Hotta - Sarawak
  34. Schismatoglottis gillianiaeP.C.Boyce - Brunei
  35. Schismatoglottis glaucaEngl. - Borneo
  36. Schismatoglottis grabowskiiEngl. - Kalimantan Selatan
  37. Schismatoglottis hainanensisH.Li - Hainan
  38. Schismatoglottis harmandiiEngl. - Laos
  39. Schismatoglottis hayanaBogner & P.C.Boyce - Sarawak
  40. Schismatoglottis hayiS.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce - Sarawak
  41. Schismatoglottis hottaeBogner & Nicolson - Brunei
  42. Schismatoglottis ifugaoensisS.Y.Wong, Bogner & P.C.Boyce - Luzon
  43. Schismatoglottis incultaKurniawan & P.C.Boyce - Sulawesi
  44. Schismatoglottis jelandiiP.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong - Sarawak
  45. Schismatoglottis jepomiiP.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong - Sarawak
  46. Schismatoglottis jitinaeS.Y.Wong - Sarawak
  47. Schismatoglottis josefiiA.Hay - Sarawak
  48. Schismatoglottis kurziiHook.f. - Myanmar
  49. Schismatoglottis lancifoliaHallier f. & Engl. - Borneo
  50. Schismatoglottis latevaginataEngl. - Borneo
  51. Schismatoglottis linaeS.Y.Wong - Sarawak
  52. Schismatoglottis linguaA.Hay - Sabah
  53. Schismatoglottis longispathaW.Bull - Sarawak
  54. Schismatoglottis luzonensisEngl. - Philippines
  55. Schismatoglottis maeliiP.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong - Sarawak
  56. Schismatoglottis matangensisS.Y.Wong - Sarawak
  57. Schismatoglottis mayoanaBogner & M.Hotta - Sarawak
  58. Schismatoglottis merrilliiEngl. - Luzon
  59. Schismatoglottis mindanaoanaEngl. - Mindanao
  60. Schismatoglottis miraS.Y.Wong, P.C.Boyce & S.L.Low - Sarawak
  61. Schismatoglottis modestaSchott - Kalimantan Tengah
  62. Schismatoglottis monoplacentaM.Hotta - Sarawak
  63. Schismatoglottis moodiiA.Hay - Sabah
  64. Schismatoglottis motleyana(Schott) Engl. - Borneo
  65. Schismatoglottis multifloraRidl. - Borneo
  66. Schismatoglottis multinerviaM.Hotta - Sarawak
  67. Schismatoglottis nervosaRidl. - Sarawak
  68. Schismatoglottis niahensisA.Hay - Sarawak
  69. Schismatoglottis nicolsoniiA.Hay - Sarawak
  70. Schismatoglottis patentinerviaEngl. - Borneo
  71. Schismatoglottis pectinerviaA.Hay - Brunei
  72. Schismatoglottis penangensisEngl - Penang
  73. Schismatoglottis petriA.Hay - Brunei
  74. Schismatoglottis platystigmaM.Hotta - Brunei
  75. Schismatoglottis pluriveniaAlderw. - Philippines, Sulawesi
  76. Schismatoglottis puberulipesAlderw. - Borneo
  77. Schismatoglottis pudendaA.Hay - Sarawak
  78. Schismatoglottis pumilaHallier f. ex Engl. - Borneo
  79. Schismatoglottis pusillaEngl. - Philippines
  80. Schismatoglottis pyrrhiasA.Hay - Sarawak
  81. Schismatoglottis retinerviaFurtado - Sabah
  82. Schismatoglottis roseospathaBogner - Sarawak
  83. Schismatoglottis samarensisA.Hay - Samar in Philippines
  84. Schismatoglottis sarikeensis(Bogner & M.Hotta) A.Hay & Bogner - Sarawak
  85. Schismatoglottis schottiiBogner & Nicolson - Borneo
  86. Schismatoglottis scortechiniiHook.f. - Peninsular Malaysia
  87. Schismatoglottis sejunctaA.Hay - Brunei
  88. Schismatoglottis silamensisA.Hay - Sabah
  89. Schismatoglottis simoniiS.Y.Wong - Sarawak
  90. Schismatoglottis subundulata(Zoll. ex Schott) Nicolson - Sulawesi
  91. Schismatoglottis tahubangensisA.Hay & Hersc. - Sabah
  92. Schismatoglottis tecturata(Schott) Engl. - Borneo, Riau Islands
  93. Schismatoglottis tessellataS.Y.Wong - Sarawak
  94. Schismatoglottis thelephoraS.Y.Wong, P.C.Boyce & S.L.Low - Sarawak
  95. Schismatoglottis trifasciataEngl. - Borneo
  96. Schismatoglottis trivittataHallier - Borneo
  97. Schismatoglottis trusmadiensisA.Hay & Mood - Sabah
  98. Schismatoglottis turbataS.Y.Wong - Sarawak
  99. Schismatoglottis ulusarikeiensisS.Y.Wong - Sarawak
  100. Schismatoglottis unifoliaA.Hay & P.C.Boyce - Sabah
  101. Schismatoglottis venustaA.Hay - Sabah
  102. Schismatoglottis viridissimaA.Hay - Sarawak
  103. Schismatoglottis wahaianaAlderw. - Seram in Maluku
  104. Schismatoglottis wallichiiHook.f. - Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
  105. Schismatoglottis warburgianaEngl. - Sagapan, Mindanao
  106. Schismatoglottis wongiiA.Hay - Sabah
  107. Schismatoglottis zonataHallier f. - - Borneo
<i>Anchomanes</i> Genus of flowering plants

Anchomanes is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. The genus is native to tropical Africa.

<i>Arisarum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Arisarum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region, east to the Caucasus and west to Macaronesia.

Aroideae Subfamily of flowering plants

Aroideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is the largest subfamily in Araceae and consists of about 72 different genera, and 2,300 species. Many Aroideae have spiny pollen grains without a sporopollenin outer exine layer and lacking an aperture.

<i>Scindapsus</i>

Scindapsus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is native to Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Queensland, and a few western Pacific islands. The species Scindapsus pictus is common in cultivation.

Amydrium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae that is native to Southeast Asia, southern China, and New Guinea.

Alloschemone is a genus of evergreen root climbing plants in the family Araceae that is native to the Amazon region of Bolivia and Brazil. There are only two species in the genus and both are extremely rare. These two species are Alloschemone occidentalis and Alloschemone inopinata. At one point in history, the genus Alloschemone was dissolved and added to Scindapsus, but it has since been reinstated after further observations of the plants.

Anadendrum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is native to China and Southeast Asia.

<i>Urospatha</i>

Urospatha is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae that consists of approximately 10 known species. They are found growing in South America and Central America in swamps, wet savannahs, and brackish water. The leaves of the species in this genus are upward pointing and sagittate (arrow-shaped). The inflorescences are quite unique; the spathe is mottled and elongated with a spiral twist at the end. The seeds are distributed by water and have a texture similar to cork that allows them to float. They also quickly germinate in water.

<i>Piptospatha</i>

Piptospatha is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. The genus is characteristic is rheophytic and has seeds that are dispersed by splashes of water hitting its cup-like spathes. It is native to Southeast Asia.

  1. Piptospatha burbidgei(N.E.Br.) M.Hotta - Sarawak, Sabah
  2. Piptospatha elongata(Engl.) N.E.Br. - Kalimantan Barat
  3. Piptospatha impolitaS.Y.Wong, P.C.Boyce & Bogner - Sarawak
  4. Piptospatha insignisN.E.Br. - Sarawak
  5. Piptospatha manduensisBogner & A.Hay - Kalimantan Timur
  6. Piptospatha marginata(Engl.) N.E.Br. - Sarawak
  7. Piptospatha perakensis(Engl.) Ridl. - southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia
  8. Piptospatha remiformisRidl. - Sarawak
  9. Piptospatha repensH.Okada & Tsukaya - Kalimantan Barat
  10. Piptospatha ridleyiN.E.Br. ex Hook.f. - Johor, Pahang, Selangor
  11. Piptospatha truncata(M.Hotta) Bogner & A.Hay - Sarawak
  12. Piptospatha viridistigmaS.Y.Wong, P.C.Boyce & Bogner - Sarawak
<i>Eminium</i>

Eminium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. The genus ranges from Turkey and Egypt east to Central Asia. Usually they can be found growing in barren areas in sand or stony soil. The foliage of Eminium resembles Helicodiceros and its inflorescence and fruit resembles those of Biarum.

  1. Eminium albertii(Regel) Engl. - Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan
  2. Eminium heterophyllum(Blume) Schott - Iran, Iraq, Turkey
  3. Eminium intortum(Banks & Sol.) Kuntze - Turkey, Syria
  4. Eminium jaegeriBogner & P.C.Boyce - Iran
  5. Eminium koenenianumLobin & P.C.Boyce - Turkey
  6. Eminium lehmannii(Bunge) Kuntze - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan
  7. Eminium rauwolffii(Blume) Schott - Turkey, Syria
  8. Eminium regeliiVved. - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
  9. Eminium spiculatum(Blume) Schott - Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Iran
<i>Taccarum</i>

Taccarum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is endemic to South America. The genus tends to grow in rocky areas.

  1. Taccarum caudatumRusby - Bolivia, Peru, Acre State in western Brazil
  2. Taccarum crassispathumE.G.Gonç. - central Brazil
  3. Taccarum peregrinum(Schott) Engl. - Paraguay, southern Brazil, Misiones Province of Argentina
  4. Taccarum uleiEngl. & K.Krause - eastern Brazil
  5. Taccarum warmingiiEngl. - southern Brazil
  6. Taccarum weddellianumBrongn. ex Schott - Bolivia, Peru, Paraguay, central and western Brazil

Arum hygrophilum is a species of flowering plant in the Araceae family. It has a disjunct distribution, found in Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Cyprus and Morocco.

<i>Thymbra</i> (plant)

Thymbra, common name Mediterranean thyme, is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. As currently categorized, the genus has seven species and one subspecies. It is native to the Mediterranean region of southern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.

References

  1. 1 2 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ↑ Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. ↑ Boyce, P.C. (2008). A taxonomic revision of Biarum Araceae. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 209: 2-119.
  4. ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, Genere: Biarum includes photos and European distribution maps
  5. ↑ Bown, Deni (2000). Aroids: Plants of the Arum Family. Timber Press. ISBN   0-88192-485-7.
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