Bibliography of United States presidential spouses and first ladies

Last updated

The following is a list of works about the spouses of presidents of the United States. While this list is mainly about presidential spouses, administrations with a bachelor or widowed president have a section on the individual (usually a family member) that filled the role of First Lady. The list includes books and journal articles written in English after c.1900 as well as primary sources written by the individual themselves.

Contents

The books included here were selected because they were either published by an academic press or major nationally known publisher or were reviewed in mainstream academic journals. [lower-alpha 1] These works are generally intended for an adult audience; works specifically intended for a youth or children are not included.

Several presidents were unmarried for all or part of their administration.

Because this list also serves as a bibliography of first ladies, in these cases, when someone regularly filled the role of White House hostess and informal first lady while the president was unmarried, an entry is provided.

General works

Books

Journal articles

Specific works

Martha Washington

Martha Washington, née Dandridge; (born June 2, 1731 died May 22, 1802); (in position April 30, 1789 March 4, 1797); The wife of George Washington.

Books

Biographies of George Washington with significant information about Martha Washington

Journal articles

Primary sources

Abigail Adams

Abigail Adams, née Smith; (born November 22, 1744 died October 28, 1818); (in position March 4, 1797 March 4, 1801); The wife of John Adams. The mother of John Quincy Adams and grandmother of Charles Francis Adams Sr.

Books

Biographies of John Adams with significant information about Abigal Adams

Journal articles

Primary sources

Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson

Martha Jefferson, née Wayles; (born October 19 or 30, 1748 died September 6, 1782); (in position: never); The wife of Thomas Jefferson. Martha Jefferson died before her husband assumed the presidency, so she never served as first lady. Since she died young (age 33) comparatively little is written about her independent of biographies of Thomas Jefferson. [lower-alpha 6] Her daughter Martha served as informal first lady (see below).

Books

Fiction books

Other

Martha Jefferson Randolph

Martha Jefferson Randolph, née Jefferson; (born September 27, 1772 died October 10, 1836); (in role: March 4, 1801 March 4, 1809); She was the eldest daughter of Thomas Jefferson and his wife Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson. By the time Jefferson was President, she was his only surviving child with his wife. Since Jefferson never remarried, she served as needed in her mother's place as White House hostess and informal first lady during Jefferson's administration. [lower-alpha 7]

Books

Journal articles

Dolley Madison

Dolley Madison, née Payne; (born May 20, 1768 died July 12, 1849; (in position: March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817); The wife of James Madison. There is a variety of ways her first name is spelled; depending on the era of writing a different form of her first name may be used. Dollie, appears to have been her given name at birth. [42] Her birth was registered with the New Garden Friends Meeting as Dolley and her will of 1841 uses Dolly. [43]

Books

Journal articles

Primary sources

Biographies of James Madison with significant information about Dolley Madison

Elizabeth Monroe

Elizabeth Jane Monroe, née Kortright; (born June 30, 1768 died September 23, 1830); (in position: March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825); The wife of James Monroe.

Books

Louisa Adams

Louisa Adams, née Johnson; (born February 12, 1775 died May 15, 1852); (in position March 4, 1825 March 4, 1829); The wife of John Quincy Adams. The mother of Charles Francis Adams (18071886). The first First Lady to be born outside of the United States or the American colonies.

Books

Journal articles

Primary sources

Biographies of John Quincy Adams with significant information about Louisa Adams

Rachel Jackson

Rachel Jackson, née Donelson; June 15, 1767 December 22, 1828; The wife of Andrew Jackson. The aunt of Emily Donelson (18071836). Rachel Jackson died just after Jackson's election but before his inauguration as President; she never served as First Lady. The role was assumed by her niece, Emily Donelson until 1834 and from then by Sarah Yorke Jackson, Jackson's daughter-in-law. She was the final first lady to be born before the Declaration of Independence. [lower-alpha 11]

Biographies of Andrew Jackson with significant content on Rachel Jackson

Emily Donelson

Emily Donelson, née none; (born June 1, 1807 died December 19, 1836); (in position March 4, 1829 November 26, 1834); The niece of Andrew Jackson. She served as acting First Lady and White House host in the place of her mother, Rachel Jackson. [lower-alpha 14]

Books

Sarah Yorke Jackson

Sarah Jackson, née Yorke; (born July 16, 1803 died August 23, 1887); (in position November 26, 1834 March 4, 1837); The daughter-in-law of Andrew Jackson; she served as White House hostess and acting First Lady in the place of her mother in law.

Relatively little has been written about Sarah York Jackson. For information about her, see the Bibliography of Andrew Jackson.

Hannah Van Buren

Hannah Van Buren, née Hoes; (born March 8, 1783 died February 5, 1819); The wife of Martin Van Buren. She died before Van Buren was elected President, so never held the position of First Lady. Acting as First Lady and White House host in her place was her daughter in law, Sarah Van Buren. Because she died at age 35 before Martin Van Buren became widely known, very little is known about her. [lower-alpha 14]

Books

Primary sources

Relatively little has been written about Hannah Van Buren. For information about her, see the Bibliography of Martin Van Buren.

Sarah Van Buren

Sarah Angelica Van Buren, née Singleton; February 13, 1818 December 29, 1877; The daughter in law of Martin Van Buren. She was married to the President's son, Abraham Van Buren and served as acting First Lady and White House host in the place of her mother in law, Hannah Van Buren. [lower-alpha 14]

Books

Primary sources

Relatively little has been written about Sarah Van Buren. For information about her, see the Bibliography of Martin Van Buren.

Anna Harrison

Anna Tuthill Harrison, née Symmes; July 25, 1775 February 25, 1864; The wife of William Henry Harrison and grandmother of Benjamin Harrison. Since Harrison died less than a month into his term in office, she is the individual who spent the shortest time as First Lady. She was too ill to travel from Ohio to Washington, D.C., when her husband became President, so Jane Irwin Harrison, Harrison's daughter-in-law, served as White House hostess during his short time in office. [lower-alpha 14]

Relatively little has been written about Anna Harrison. For information about her, see the Bibliography of William Henry Harrison

Letitia Tyler

Letitia Christian Tyler, née Christian; November 12, 1790 September 10, 1842; The wife of John Tyler. When John Tyler became the first vice president to ascend to the presidency, Letitia Tyler became First Lady. She was the first of three people to die while in the position.

Journal articles

Relatively little has been written about Letitia Tyler. For information about her, see the Bibliography of John Tyler

Priscilla Tyler

Priscilla Cooper Tyler, née Cooper; June 14, 1816 December 29, 1889; The daughter in law of John Tyler. She was married to the President's son, Robert Tyler and served as acting First Lady and White House host after the death of her mother in law, Letitia Tyler, from September, 1842 March, 1844. [lower-alpha 14]

Journal articles

Relatively little has been written about Priscilla Tyler. For information about her, see the Bibliography of John Tyler.

Letitia Semple

Letitia "Letty" Christian Semple, née Tyler; May 11, 1821 December 28, 1907; The daughter of John Tyler. She served as acting First Lady and White House host from March, 1844 June 26, 1844, after her sister in law, Priscilla Tyler left the White House. She was succeeded in the position by Tyler's second wife Julia. [lower-alpha 14]

Relatively little has been written about Letitia Semple. For information about her, see the Bibliography of John Tyler.

Julia Tyler

Julia Gardiner Tyler, née Gardiner; May 4, 1820 July 10, 1889; The daughter in law of Martin Van Buren. She was the second wife of John Tyler. She served the second shortest period of time as First Lady after Anna Harrison, from June 26, 1844, to March 4, 1845.

Journal articles

Relatively little has been written about Julia Tyler. For information about her, see the Bibliography of John Tyler.

Sarah Polk

Sarah Polk, née Childress; September 4, 1803 August 14, 1891; She was the wife of James Polk.

Books

Journal articles

Part One: 11(2), pp. 180-191.
Part Two: 11(3), pp. 282-288.

Primary sources

Biographies of James Polk with significant information about Sarah Polk

Margaret Taylor

Margaret "Peggy" Mackall Taylor, née Smith; September 21, 1788 August 14, 1852; She was the wife of Zachary Taylor.

Relatively little has been written about Margaret Taylor. For information about her, see the Bibliography of Zachary Taylor.

Abigail Fillmore

Abigail Fillmore, née Powers; March 13, 1798 March 30, 1853; She was the wife of Millard Fillmore. She was the final first lady to be born in the eighteenth century.

Biographies of Millard Fillmore with significant information on Abigail Fillmore

Relatively little has been written about Abigail Fillmore. For information about her, see the Bibliography of Millard Fillmore.

Jane Pierce

Jane Means Pierce, née Appleton; March 12, 1806 December 2, 1863; She was the wife of Franklin Pierce.

Relatively little has been written about Jane Pierce. For information about her, see the Bibliography of Franklin Pierce.

Harriet Lane

Harriet Rebecca Lane Johnston, née Lane; May 9, 1830 July 3, 1903; She was the niece of James Buchanan. Buchanan was never married and Harriet Lane acted as First Lady during his presidency.

Relatively little has been written about Harriet Lane. For information about her, see the Bibliography of James Buchanan.

Mary Todd Lincoln

Mary Todd Lincoln, née Todd; December 13, 1818 July 16, 1882; She was the wife of Abraham Lincoln.

Books

Journal articles

Primary sources

Biographies of Abraham Lincoln with significant content on Mary Todd Lincoln

Eliza Johnson

Eliza McCardle Johnson, née McCardle; October 4, 1810 January 15, 1876; She was the wife of Andrew Johnson.

Primary sources

Relatively little has been written about Eliza Johnson. For information about her, see the Bibliography of Andrew Johnson.

Julia Grant

Julia Boggs Grant, née Dent; January 26, 1826 December 14, 1902; She was the wife of Ulysses S. Grant.

Primary sources

Biographies of Ulysses S. Grant with significant information about Julia Grant

Relatively little has been written about Julia Grant. For information about her, see the Bibliography of Ulysses S. Grant.

Lucy Hayes

Lucy Webb Hayes, née Webb; August 28, 1831 June 25, 1889; She was the wife of Rutherford B. Hayes.

Primary sources

Relatively little has been written about Lucy Hayes. For information about her, see the Bibliography of Rutherford B. Hayes.

Lucretia Garfield

Lucretia Garfield, née Rudolph; April 19, 1832 March 13, 1918; She was the wife of James A. Garfield.

Primary sources

Relatively little has been written about Lucretia Garfield. For information about her, see the Bibliography of James A. Garfield.

Nell Arthur

Nell Arthur, née Herndon; August 30, 1837 January 12, 1880; She was the wife of Chester A. Arthur, but died two years before he became President, so never assumed the position.

Primary sources

Relatively little has been written about Nell Arthur. For information about her, see the Bibliography of Chester A. Arthur.

Mary Arthur McElroy

Mary Arthur McElroy, née Arthur; July 5, 1841 January 8, 1917; She was the sister of Chester A. Arthur; she assumed the role of acting First Lady in the place of Arthur's deceased wife.

Primary sources

Relatively little has been written about Mary Arthur McElroy. For information about her, see the Bibliography of Chester A. Arthur.

Frances Cleveland

Frances Clara Cleveland Preston, née Folsom; date date; She was the wife of Grover Cleveland. She was the youngest person (age 21) to fill the position of First Lady and is one of two who remarried after the deaths of their Presidential husbands and one of two First Ladies to marry a sitting President.

Primary sources

Relatively little has been written about Frances Cleveland. For information about her, see the Bibliography of Grover Cleveland.

Rose Cleveland

Rose Elizabeth Cleveland, née Name; date date; She was the sister of Grover Cleveland. Since Cleveland entered the White House unmarried, Rose Cleveland served as acting First Lady and White House host until her brother married fourteen months into his first term. She is the only LGBTQ individual to serve in the position of First Lady and White House hostess.

Primary sources

Relatively little has been written about Rose Cleveland. For information about her, see the Bibliography of Grover Cleveland.

Caroline Harrison

Caroline Lavinia Harrison, née Scott; October 1, 1832 October 25, 1892; She was the wife of Benjamin Harrison.

Primary sources

Relatively little has been written about Caroline Harrison. For information about her, see the Bibliography of Benjamin Harrison.

Mary Harrison McKee

Mary Harrison McKee, née Harrison; April 3, 1858 October 28, 1930; She was the daughter of Benjamin Harrison. She assumed the role of acting First Lady after the death of her mother.

Primary sources

Relatively little has been written about Mary Harrison McKee. For information about her, see the Bibliography of Benjamin Harrison.

Ida McKinley

Ida Saxton McKinley, née Saxton; June 8, 1847 May 26, 1907; She was the wife of William McKinley.

Books

Primary sources

Relatively little has been written about Ida McKinley. For information about her, see the Bibliography of William McKinley.

Edith Roosevelt

Edith Kermit Roosevelt, née Carrow; August 6, 1861 September 30, 1948; She was the wife of Theodore Roosevelt.

Books

Primary sources

Helen Herron Taft

Helen Louise "Nellie" Taft, née Herron; June 2, 1861 May 22, 1943; She was the wife of William Howard Taft.

Books

Primary sources

For information about Helen Herron Taft, see the Bibliography of William Howard Taft

Ellen Axson Wilson

Ellen Louise Axson Wilson, née Axson; May 15, 1860 August 6, 1914; She was the first wife of Woodrow Wilson. She died in 1914 and was succeeded as First Lady (acting) by her daughter, Margaret.

Biographies of Woodrow Wilson with significant information about Ellen Axson Wilson

Primary sources

Margaret Woodrow Wilson

Margaret Woodrow Wilson, née Wilson; April 16, 1886 February 12, 1944; She was the daughter of Woodrow Wilson and filled in for her mother Ellen as acting First Lady until her father remarried in 1915.

Relatively little has been written about Margaret Woodrow Wilson. For information about her, see the Bibliography of Woodrow Wilson.

Edith Wilson

Edith Wilson, née Bolling; October 15, 1872 December 28, 1961; She was the second wife of Woodrow Wilson.

Biographies of Woodrow Wilson with significant information about Edith Wilson

Florence Harding

Florence Mabel Harding, née Kling; August 15, 1860 November 21, 1924; She was the wife of Warren G. Harding.

Books

For information about Florence Harding, see the Bibliography of Warren G. Harding

Grace Coolidge

Grace Anna Coolidge, née Goodhue; January 3, 1879 July 8, 1957; She was the wife of Calvin Coolidge.

Books

For information about Grace Coolidge, see the Bibliography of Calvin Coolidge.

Lou Henry Hoover

Lou Henry Hoover, née Henry; March 29, 1874 January 7, 1944; She was the wife of Herbert Hoover.

Books

Journal articles

Primary sources

Eleanor Roosevelt

Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, née Roosevelt; (born October 11, 1884 died November 7, 1962); (in position March 4, 1933 April 12, 1945); She was the wife of Franklin Roosevelt. Because her husband was the longest serving President, Eleanor Roosevelt is the longest serving First Lady.

Bess Truman

Elizabeth Virginia Truman, née Wallace; (born February 13, 1885 died October 18, 1982); (in position April 12, 1945 January 20, 1953 ); She was the wife of Harry S. Truman.

Books

Primary sources

Biographies of with significant information about

Mamie Eisenhower

Mamie Geneva Eisenhower, née Doud; (born November 14, 1896 died November 1, 1979); (in position January 20, 1953 January 20, 1961); She was the wife of Dwight Eisenhower. She was the last First Lady to be born in the nineteenth century.

Books

Primary sources

Biographies of with significant information about

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis

Jacqueline Lee Kennedy Onassis, née Bouvier; (born July 28, 1929 died May 19, 1994); (In position January 20, 1961 November 22, 1963); She was the wife of John F. Kennedy.

Books

Journal articles

Primary sources

Biographies of with significant information about

Lady Bird Johnson

Claudia Alta "Lady Bird" Johnson, née Taylor; (born December 22, 1912 died July 11, 2007); (in position November 22, 1963 January 20, 1969); She was the wife of Lyndon B. Johnson.

Books

Journal articles

Biographies of Lyndon Johnson with significant information about Lady Bird Johnson

Pat Nixon

Thelma Catherine "Pat" Nixon, née Ryan; (born March 16, 1912 died June 22, 1993); (in position January 20, 1969 August 9, 1974); She was the wife of Richard Nixon.

Books

Biographies of Richard Nixon with significant information about Pat Nixon

Betty Ford

Elizabeth Anne Ford, née Bloomer, formerly Warren; (born April 8, 1918 died July 8, 2011); (in position August 9, 1974 January 20, 1977); She was the wife of Gerald R. Ford.

Books

Journal articles

Biographies of Gerald Ford with significant information about Betty Ford

Rosalynn Carter

Eleanor Rosalynn Carter, née Smith; (born August 18, 1927 died November 19, 2023); (in position January 20, 1977 January 20, 1981); She was the wife of Jimmy Carter.

Books

Journal articles

Primary sources

Biographies of Jimmy Carter with significant information about Rosalynn Carter

Nancy Reagan

Nancy Davis Reagan, née Robbins, later Davis (adoption); (born July 6, 1921 died March 6, 2016); (in position January 20, 1981 January 20, 1989); She was the wife of Ronald Reagan.

Books

Journal articles

Primary sources

Biographies of Ronald Reagan with significant information about Nancy Reagan

Barbara Bush

Barbara Pierce Bush, née Pierce; (born June 8, 1925 died April 17, 2018); (in position January 20, 1989 January 20, 1993); She was the wife of George H. W. Bush. She is one of two individuals to be both a wife and mother of a President.

Books

Journal articles

Primary sources

Biographies of George H. W. Bush with significant information about Barbara Bush

Hillary Clinton

Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton, née Rodham; October 26, 1947; She is the wife of Bill Clinton. After her time as First Lady, she became a United States Senator and later Secretary of State. She is the only First Lady to have held national office. She became the first woman to run for President on a major party ticket and the first First Lady to run for President in 2016.

Laura Bush

Laura Lane Welch Bush, née Welch; (born November 4, 1946); (in position January 20, 2001 January 20, 2009); She is the wife of George W. Bush.

Books

Journal articles

Primary sources

Biographies of with significant information about

Michelle Obama

Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama, née Robinson; January 17, 1964; She is the wife of Barack Obama. She is the first and only African American First Lady.

Books

Journal articles

Primary sources

Biographies of with significant information about Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama

Melania Trump

Melania Trump, née Knavs, born Melanija Knavs; April 26, 1970; She is the wife of Donald Trump. She is the second first lady, after Louisa Adams, born outside the United States.

Books

Journal articles

Primary sources

Biographies of with significant information about Melania Trump

Jill Biden

Jill Tracy Jacobs Biden, née Jacobs, born June 3, 1951; She is the second wife of Joe Biden; his first wife, Neilia Hunter Biden died in 1972 prior to his becoming President of the United States.

Books

Journal articles

Primary sources

Biographies of with significant information about Jill Biden

Further reading

See also

Notes

  1. Where exceptions to inclusion criteria exist, the reason will be explained in a footnote.
  2. 1 2 3 This contains information on Abigail Adams, Barabra Bush. Unfortunately it does not contain information about Anna Harrison.
  3. 760pp. This is the most extensive general work on the First Ladies and the best source for information about lesser known First Ladies.
  4. This book is include both for the information it contains about Presidential spouses and because several Presidential children stood in as acting First Lady and White House host in the place of a deceased spouse.
  5. Winner of the 2010 Bancroft Prize. [26]
  6. While most biographies of Jefferson contain some information about his personal life, the biographies listed here contain substantial information about his personal life and details about his wife.
  7. Since this list also serves as a bibliography of first ladies, this entry is included.
  8. A biography of James Madison, contains basic information about Elizabeth Monroe's relationship with James, but nothing about her independent of him.
  9. A personal as well as political biography of James Monroe that contains significant information about Elizabeth Monroe.
  10. A personal and political biography of John Quincy Adams that contains significant information about Louisa Adams.
  11. All biographies of Andrew Jackson mention Rachel and will focus on the circumstances of her first marriage and the aftermath. The biographies below go into more detail than this single aspect of her life.
  12. Contains a significant amount of information about Rachel Jackson and the Donelson family.
  13. Andrew Jackson Donelson was the nephew of Rachel Jackson. She and Andrew adopted him at a young age and raised him. This book has information about Rachel from the period of his upbringing.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Although she did not live to become First Lady, many general works about First Ladies contain information about her.
  15. Includes Mary Todd's letters during her confinement at the sanitorium in Bellevue and those following her 1876 release.
  16. Contains a great deal of information about both Julia Grant and the Dent family.

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References

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  95. "Dear Bess: The Letters from Harry to Bess Truman, 1910-1959. Edited by Robert H. Ferrell. (New York: W.W. Norton, 1983. Pp. Xii + 591. $19.95.)". American Political Science Review. 78 (4): 1206. 1984. doi:10.2307/1955959. JSTOR   1955959. S2CID   194042390.
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