Brisingidae

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Brisingidae
Manningstar 600.jpg
Novodinia sp.
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Asteroidea
Order: Brisingida
Family: Brisingidae
G.O. Sars, 1875 [1]
Genera

See text

The Brisingidae are a family of starfish found only in the deep sea. [2] They inhabit both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans at abyssal depths, and also occur in the Southern Ocean and around Antarctica at slightly shallower depths.

Contents

The family was named after Brísingamen, a necklace belonging to Freya from Norse mythology that was stolen by Loki and hidden in the sea. [3]

Characteristics

Novodinia pacifica Novodinia pacifica (27942413425).jpg
Novodinia pacifica

Members of this family have a small, Ophiurida-like disc, clearly demarcated from the arms, which number more than five. The disc is approximately circular with a rim of fused plates which gives rigidity. The madreporite is near the margin of the disc. The arms are long and tapering with the ratio of the arm length to the disc radius being greater than 6/1. There is an acute angle between them and they can be shed at the base where they are separated from the disc by a deep groove. After a narrow cylindrical portion, the part of the arms closest to the disc accommodates the gonadal tissues and widens out somewhat. Beyond this area, the arms taper to a long point. The plates on the aboral (upper) side of the arms are small, and are much smaller than the marginal plates, which are armed with spines. The ambulacral groove on the underside of each arm is broad and there is a row of tube feet with suckers on either side of the groove. The pedicellariae are crossed. [4]

Biology

Members of this family live on hard surfaces at depths between 100 and 4,500 m (300 and 14,800 ft). They raise their arms vertically above their discs to filter feed on suspended organic particles drifting past. They are able to raise their arms in this way because of the small size of its plates on the aboral surfaces of their arms which gives them flexibility in a vertical plane. Novodinia is less adept at raising its arms, because of a different arrangement of the plates; in contrast, members of the other brisingid family, Freyellidae, have not been detected raising their arms in this way. [4]

Genera and species

Brisingidae contains the following genera and species: [1]

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References

  1. 1 2 "Brisingidae - G.O. Sars, 1875". World Register of Marine Species. Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  2. ↑ "Asteroidea". Tolweb.org. 7 October 2004. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
  3. ↑ Jimmy Joe (24 June 2006). "Brisings". Timeless Myths: Of Dwarves and Elves. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  4. 1 2 Downey, M.E. (1986). "Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 435:43. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
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