Calotes emma

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Calotes emma
Calotes emma.png
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Iguania
Family: Agamidae
Genus: Calotes
Species:
C. emma
Binomial name
Calotes emma
Gray, 1845 [2]
Subspecies

Calotes emma, commonly known as the forest garden lizard or Emma Gray's forest lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is native to China, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. There are two recognized subspecies.

Contents

Etymology

The specific name, emma, is in honor of English conchologist Maria Emma Gray, the wife of John Edward Gray, the describer of this species. [3]

Morphology

C. emma has the following morphology.

Physical Structure: There are three small groups of spines, completely separate from each other, on each side of the head, one behind the superciliary margin and two above each tympanum. The dorsal crest is well developed on the neck and on the anterior part of the trunk, gradually disappearing behind. There is a transverse fold in front of each shoulder, and the gular sac is but little developed. The tail is laterally compressed. There are about 51 series of scales round the middle of the trunk. [4]

Color pattern: The dorsum is brownish olive, with brown bands across the back, which are lighter in the middle and interrupted by a white band running along each side of the back. The eyelids have short, radiating brown streaks. There is a brown band from behind the eye to above the tympanum. The fold before the shoulder is black, with an irregular white margin. The legs and tail have indistinct dark crossbands. [4]

The maximum total length (including tail) is 40 cm (16 in).[ citation needed ] The usual total length is 28 cm (11 in), and the usual snout-to-vent length (SVL) a 7.5 cm (3.0 in). [4]

Geographic range

C. emma is found in Bangladesh (Satchari National Park, Bandarban Hill District), Cambodia, China (Guangdong, Yunnan), India (Assam), Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular), Myanmar, Thailand (including Phuket) & Vietnam (including Pulo Condore Islands) and Possibly in Bhutan.[ citation needed ]

"An inhabitant of Mergui, whence we have received it from Professor Oldham, ranging northwards perhaps to the Khasya Hills; extremely doubtful as an inhabitant of Afghanistan. Mr. Blyth mentions it amongst a collection made by Captain Bedmore at Schwe Gyen on the Sitang River in Pegu". [4]

Vernacular names

Vernacular names for C. emma in various languages include the following.

Behavior and habitat

C. emma is terrestrial, arboreal, and diurnal. It inhabits various forest habitats including dry deciduous, coastal, and moist evergreen. [1]

Diet

C. emma is insectivorous, [5] preying upon termites, grasshoppers, ants, cockroaches, beetles, diverse species of moths and low flying butterflies, and soil-living insects and their larvae. [6]

Reproduction

C. emma is oviparous. [7] The adult female lays 10-12 eggs in May–June. The incubation period is about 60–70 days.[ citation needed ]

Human uses

C. emma is used in the pet trade.[ citation needed ] It plays a role in the ecosystem by eating various types of insects and otherwise.[ citation needed ]

Threat to humans

C. emma is non-venomous and completely harmless to humans.[ citation needed ]

IUCN threat status

C. emma has been evaluated as "Least Concern" (LC) by the IUCN. [1]

Subspecies

Two subspecies of C. emma are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.

Related Research Articles

<i>Calotes</i> Genus of lizards

Calotes is a genus of lizards in the draconine clade of the family Agamidae. The genus contains 29 species. Some species are known as forest lizards, others as "bloodsuckers" due to their red heads, and yet others as garden lizards. The genus name Calotes has been derived from the Greek word Καλότης (Kalótës), meaning ‘beauty’, referring to the beautiful pattern of this genus.

<i>Ceratophora</i> Genus of lizards

Ceratophora is a genus of agamid lizards found in Sri Lanka. The male has a horn on its snout.

<i>Pseudocalotes</i> Genus of lizards

Pseudocalotes is a genus of lizards in the family Agamidae. The genus is endemic to Southeast Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hardwicke's bloodsucker</span> Species of lizard

Hardwicke's bloodsucker is an agamid lizard and found in South Asia.

<i>Monilesaurus ellioti</i> Species of lizard

Monilesaurus ellioti, also known commonly as Elliot's forest lizard, is a species of arboreal, diurnal, lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is endemic to the Western Ghats, India.

<i>Calotes maria</i> Species of lizard

Calotes maria, called commonly the Khasi Hills forest lizard or Assam garden lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is endemic to South Asia.

<i>Monilesaurus rouxii</i> Species of reptile

Monilesaurus rouxii, commonly known as Roux's forest lizard, Roux's forest calotes, or the forest blood sucker, is a species of arboreal, diurnal, agamid lizard, which is endemic to hills of peninsular India. In July 2018, it was proposed that the species should be transferred to the new genus Monilesaurus.

<i>Draco maculatus</i> Species of lizard

Draco maculatus, commonly known as the spotted flying dragon or spotted gliding lizard, is a species of agamid flying lizard endemic to Southeast Asia. It is capable of gliding from tree to tree.

<i>Japalura tricarinata</i> Species of lizard

Japalura tricarinata is a species of agamid lizard endemic to Asia.

<i>Agasthyagama</i> Species of Indian lizard

Agasthyagama beddomii, commonly known as the Indian kangaroo lizard, is a diurnal, terrestrial, insectivorous agamid lizard, endemic to the Western Ghats of South India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blanford's rock agama</span> Species of lizard

Blanford's rock agama is species of lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is endemic to Peninsular India. One of two species in the genus, P. blanfordanus is found mainly to the east of the distribution of P. dorsalis. Unlike the other species, the male P. blanfordanus in breeding season has the red body color restricted to the head and lacks the broad dorsal stripe.

<i>Salea horsfieldii</i> Species of lizard

Salea horsfieldii, commonly known as Horsfield's spiny lizard or the Nilgiri salea, is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is endemic to the Nilgiri Hills of India. It is found mainly in the high altitude grassy hills. A related species, Salea anamallayana, is found in the grassy hills of the Anaimalai Hills.

Boie's day gecko is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to India.

Jerdon's day gecko is a species of gecko, a lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to India and Sri Lanka.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leaf-nosed lizard</span> Species of lizard

Ceratophora tennentii, commonly known as the rhinoceros agama, horn-nosed lizard, and Tennent's leaf-nosed lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is endemic to Sri Lanka.

Bronchocela smaragdina, also commonly known as Günther's bloodsucker, is a Southeast Asian species of agamid lizard.

<i>Calotes ceylonensis</i> Species of lizard

Calotes ceylonensis, commonly known as the painted-lipped lizard or the Ceylon bloodsucker, is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. It is one of four Calotes species endemic to Sri Lanka.

Thwaites's skink, also known commonly as the fourtoe snakeskink, is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to the island of Sri Lanka.

Nessia burtonii, commonly known as Burton's nessia, Gray's snake skink, or the three-toed snakeskink, is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to the island of Sri Lanka.

<i>Pseudocalotes floweri</i> Species of lizard

Pseudocalotes floweri, also commonly known as Flower's forest agamid, Flower's long-headed lizard, and the Thai false bloodsucker, is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is native to Southeast Asia.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Wogan, G.; Lwin, K.; Cai, B.; Yang, J.; Das, A. & Hasan, M.K. (2021). "Calotes emma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T99928931A99928940. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T99928931A99928940.en . Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  2. Gray JE (1845). Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collection of the British Museum. London: Trustees of the British Museum. (Edward Newman, printer). xxviii + 289 pp. (Calotes emma, new species, pp. 244–245).
  3. Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN   978-1-4214-0135-5. (Calotes emma, p. 83).
  4. 1 2 3 4 Günther ACLG (1864). The Reptiles of British India. London: The Ray Society. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xxvii + 452 pp. + Plates I–XXVI> (Calotes emma, p. 144).
  5. Tikader, B.K.; Sharma, R.C. "Handbook of Indian Lizards" (PDF). Faunaofindia.nic.in. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  6. Agarwala, Basant K.; Majumder, Joydeb (February 2015). "Calotes emma Gray, 1845 (Squamata: Agamidae): Range extension and new addition to the reptilian fauna of Tripura, northeast India". Check List. 11 (2): 1562. doi: 10.15560/11.2.1562 . Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  7. 1 2 3 Calotes emma at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database . Accessed 9 December 2014.

Further reading