Carex bicolor

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Carex bicolor
Broktarr - Carex bicolor-1 - Flickr - Ragnhild & Neil Crawford.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Carex
Species:
C. bicolor
Binomial name
Carex bicolor
All.
Synonyms

Homotypic

  • Vignea bicolor(Bellardi ex All.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler & H.G.L.Reichenbach

Heterotypic

  • Carex androgynaBalb.
  • Carex cenisiaBalb.
  • Carex pusillaPers.
  • Carex minimaBoullu
  • Carex bicolor var. minima(Boullu) Nyman

Carex bicolor, the bicoloured sedge, [2] is a species of sedge native to North America, Northern Europe and Northern Asia. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the plant's conservation status as being of least concern because it has a widespread distribution and faces no particular threats.

Contents

Description

Carex bicolor is a tufted perennial sedge growing to a height of about 7 to 12 cm (3 to 5 in). The grass-like leaves are mostly basal, greyish-green with blades up to 60 mm (2.4 in) long and 1 mm (0.04 in) wide, linear, strongly keeled, with parallel veins and long pointed tips. The inflorescence has a triangular stem about the same length as the leaves. It bears two or three spikes of small flowers, the terminal spike having staminate flowers for the lowest third and pistillate flowers above. The floral scale is shorter than the perigynium that surrounds the achene and has brown or reddish-black edges with a green midvein. [3]

Distribution and habitat

Carex bicolor has a pan-boreal distribution. In North America it is present in most of Canada, Greenland, [4] [5] in Alaska and the Aleutian Islands. In Northern Europe and Asia it is present at both low and high altitudes, but further south it is limited to higher altitudes. Its southerly limit is the mountains of Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland and Austria. It often grows in lime-rich habitats such as moist tundra, at the upper edge of beaches, near pools in wet sand, in poorly-vegetated marshes and patches of moist bare mud. [3] It often grows in association with other sedges; in Switzerland these are often Carex pallescens , Carex panicea , and Carex vaginata . [1]

Carex bicolor was one of several species of plant not previously known in Britain, that were "discovered" growing on the island of Rùm in the Inner Hebrides in the 1940s by the botanist John William Heslop-Harrison, Professor of Botany at Durham University. These discoveries added to his reputation, but were later cast into doubt after investigations by classical scholar and botanist John Raven, who found that some of the plants were not present on the island at all, while others had been recently planted there; it is now considered that the claim that the plants were indigenous to Rùm was fraudulent. [6] [7] [8]

Related Research Articles

<i>Carex</i> Genus of flowering plants

Carex is a vast genus of more than 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges. Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges, however those of genus Carex may be called true sedges, and it is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.

<i>Carex buxbaumii</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex buxbaumii is a species of sedge known as Buxbaum's sedge or club sedge. It is native to much of the northern Northern Hemisphere, from Alaska to Greenland to Eurasia, and including most of Canada and the United States. It grows in wet habitat, such as marshes and fens. This sedge grows in clumps from long rhizomes. The stems are 75–100 cm (30–39 in) in maximum height. The leaves are narrow and small. The inflorescence has a bract which is sometimes longer than the spikes. The fruits have dark-colored bracts and a sac called a perigynium or utricle which is gray-green and rough in texture.

<i>Carex capitata</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex capitata is a species of sedge known by the common name capitate sedge. It has a circumboreal distribution including Norway, Russia, Siberia, Alaska, Canada and Greenland. Growing in wet places in boreal forests and mountain meadows in alpine climates.

<i>Carex heteroneura</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex heteroneura is a species of sedge known by the common name different-nerve sedge. It is native to western Canada and the western United States, where it grows in moist mountain habitat such as forests and meadows.

<i>Carex vernacula</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex vernacula is a species of sedge known by the common name native sedge.

<i>Carex vesicaria</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex vesicaria is an essentially Holarctic species of sedge known as bladder sedge, inflated sedge, and blister sedge. It has been used to insulate footwear in Norway and among the Sami people, and for basketry in North America.

<i>Carex binervis</i> European species of sedge with an Atlantic distribution

Carex binervis, the green-ribbed sedge, is a European species of sedge with an Atlantic distribution. It is found from Fennoscandia to the Iberian Peninsula, and occurs in heaths, moorland and other damp, acidic environments. It typically grows to a height of 15–120 cm (6–50 in), and has inflorescences comprising one male and several female spikes, each up to 45 mm (1.8 in) long. The utricles have two conspicuous green veins, which give rise to both the scientific name and the common name of the species. In the vegetative state, it closely resembles C. bigelowii, a species that usually grows at higher altitude. C. binervis was first described by James Edward Smith in 1800, and is classified in Carex sect. Spirostachyae; several hybrids with other Carex species are known.

<i>Carex spicata</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex spicata is a species of sedge in the genus Carex.

<i>Carex bigelowii</i> Species of grass-like flowering plant

Carex bigelowii is a species of sedge known by the common names Bigelow's sedge, Gwanmo sedge, and stiff sedge. It has an Arctic–alpine distribution in Eurasia and North America, and grows up to 50 centimetres (20 in) tall in a variety of habitats.

<i>Carex concinna</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex concinna is a species of sedge known by the common names low northern sedge, northern elegant sedge, beauty sedge, and beautiful sedge. It is native to northern North America, where it occurs across Canada and in high elevations in the northern contiguous United States.

<i>Carex vaginata</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex vaginata is a species of sedge known by the common name sheathed sedge.

<i>Carex lacustris</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex lacustris, known as lake sedge, is a tufted grass-like perennial of the sedge family (Cyperaceae), native to southern Canada and the northern United States. C. lacustris us an herbaceous surface-piercing plant that grows in water up to 50 cm (1.6 ft) deep, and grows 50–150 cm (1.6–4.9 ft) tall. It grows well in marshes and swampy woods of the boreal forest, along river and lake shores, in ditches, marshes, swamps, and other wetland habitat. It grows on muck, sedge peat, wet sand or silt, in filtered or full sunlight.

<i>Carex archeri</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex archeri, known as Archer's sedge, is a species of sedge in the genus Carex, endemic to south-eastern Australia.

<i>Carex backii</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex backii, commonly known as Back's sedge, is a species of sedge (Carex) in the section Phyllostachyae. First described scientifically in 1839 by American botanist Francis Boott, it is found in Canada and the United States, where it grows in shaded woods, shaded slopes, and shrub thickets.

<i>Carex rosea</i> Species of sedge

Carex rosea, the rosy sedge, is a flowering plant and part of the family Cyperaceae. Synonyms for Carex rosea include Carex concoluta, and Carex flaccidula. It is native to central and eastern North America and it exists in wet to dry soils. Carex rosea can be found in shores of streams and bottomlands, as well as ponds. It is known to have good adaptations to dry-shade locations. It is an evergreen plant which is easy to grow.

<i>Carex albula</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex albula, common name white sedge, is a species of sedge. It is endemic to the South Island of New Zealand.

Carex arctogena is a member of the sedge family (Cyperaceae) which grows in high alpine areas. It is one of the few "bipolar" species; it has populations in Greenland, Scandinavia, Russia, Canada and southern South America. Plants in the far north and south appear to be genetically identical, having taken advantage of a similar niches on opposite ends of the globe.

<i>Carex breviscapa</i> Species of sedge

Carex breviscapa is a tussock-forming perennial in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to eastern parts of the south east Asia and north eastern Australia

<i>Carex lessoniana</i> Species of plant

Carex lessoniana, also commonly known as rautahi or cutty grass, is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to parts of New Zealand.

<i>Carex gaudichaudiana</i> Species of plant

Carex gaudichaudiana, also known as fen sedge, is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to parts of Australia and New Zealand.

References

  1. 1 2 Lansdown, R.V. (2016). "Carex bicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T64270356A67728714. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T64270356A67728714.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ↑ "Carex bicolor: bicoloured sedge". NBN Atlas. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  3. 1 2 Aiken, S.G.; Dallwitz, M.J.; Consaul, L.L.; McJannet, C.L.; Boles, R.L.; Argus, G.W.; Gillett, J.M.; Scott, P.J.; Elven, R.; LeBlanc, M.C.; Gillespie, L.J.; Brysting, A.K.; Solstad, H.; Harris, J.G. (2007). "Carex bicolor All". Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. National Research Council of Canada. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  4. ↑ Grønlands flora. Tyge Wittrock Böcher (3. reviderede udgave ed.). København: P. Haase & Sons. 1978. ISBN   87-559-0385-1. OCLC   183098604.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  5. ↑ Nordens flora. Bo Mossberg, Lennart Stenberg, Jon Feilberg, Anna Torsteinsrud, Victoria Widmark (Nye, udvidede og omarbejdede udgave ed.). Kbh.: Gyldendal. 2020. ISBN   978-87-02-28916-9. OCLC   1158895781.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  6. ↑ Maclean, Norman (2015). A Less Green and Pleasant Land: Our Threatened Wildlife. Cambridge University Press. p. 280. ISBN   978-1-107-67323-6.
  7. ↑ "Botanist John Heslop Harrison faked rare plant discoveries". Alastair Jamieson, The Daily Telegraph, 2 October 2008.
  8. ↑ Sabbagh, Karl (1999). A Rum Affair: A True Story Of Botanical Fraud. Birlinn. p. 77. ISBN   978-1-78027-386-0.
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