Catalpa fargesii

Last updated

Catalpa fargesii
Catalpa fargesii - blossoms.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Bignoniaceae
Genus: Catalpa
Species:
C. fargesii
Binomial name
Catalpa fargesii

Catalpa fargesii, the Chinese bean tree, is a species of tree in the family Bignoniaceae, native to China. Growing to about 25 m tall, it is a deciduous tree which produces abundant pink blossom in spring, followed by narrow brown beans-like fruit in the autumn. Some sources place the species as a synonym of Catalpa bungei . [1]

Contents

Description

The leaves of Catalpa fargesii Catalpa fargesii kz02.jpg
The leaves of Catalpa fargesii

The tree can grow up to 20–25 m (66–82 ft) tall. [2] [3] [4] It has a petiole (leaf-stems) which are 3–10 cm (1.2–3.9 in) long. [2] It has leaves which are broadly ovate, [2] [3] straight or slightly heart-shaped at the base, or long and taper-pointed. [4] [5] They are 13–20 cm (5.1–7.9 in) long and 10–13 cm (3.9–5.1 in) wide. [2] [4] They have a soft, downy underside, [3] [4] which does fade at the end of the growing season. [4] It blooms in summer, [5] [2] The flowers are similar in form to those of paulownia. [5] The corolla is bell-shaped, [4] two-lipped flowers are borne in corymbs or racemes, of between 7 and 15 individual flowers. [2] [3] [4] They are 3.2 cm (1.3 in) long. [2] They come in shades from lilac, [5] pinkish, [4] or pale red to pale purple. [2] The throat is freckled with purple, [2] brownish red, [4] or brownish spots, on a background of yellow staining. [3] [4] It has small anthers and a 2-lobed stigma. [2]

After it flowers, it produces seeds between June and November. [2] The long and very slender, [4] seed capsule or seed-pod is 55–80 cm (22–31 in) long. [2] Inside are linear and thin membranous seeds, they have hairs at both ends. [2]

Taxonomy

It is written in Chinese script as 灰楸 hui qiu [2]

The Latin specific epithet fargesii refers to Père Farges, a French missionary and naturalist who was stationed in China from 1867 to 1912, he collected the original specimens in the wild, [3] in Sichuan. It was also later found by Ernest Henry Wilson, [3] who then sent seed from Hubei to the west, in 1901 and then again in 1907. [4]

Catalpa fargesii was first published and described by Édouard Bureau, a French botanist (1830-1918), in 'Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat.' (Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, printed in Paris) Séries 2, Vol.7 on page 195 in 1884. [2] [6]

Distribution and habitat

Catalpa fargesii is native to the temperate region of Asia. Mostly in China. [3] [5] [6] Within the provinces of; Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi (including the Qinling Mountains area, [7] ), Shandong, Sichuan and Yunnan. [2]

Habitat

It is found in the forests, [7] along roadsides and on slopes, at an altitude of 700–1,500 m (2,300–4,900 ft) above sea level. [2]

Cultivation

Like many of the species in the Catalpa genus, C. fargesii will thrive in full or part sun, poor or fertile soil and will grow across most climate zones. It would do well across southern Australia, all of the UK and in North America. [5]

This species is more compact than its more famous relative, Catalpa bignonioides , and is therefore more suitable for domestic gardens. The form Catalpa fargesii f. duclouxii has received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [8]

Related Research Articles

<i>Catalpa</i> Genus of plants

Catalpa, commonly also called catawba, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, native to warm temperate and subtropical regions of North America, the Caribbean, and East Asia.

<i>Paulownia tomentosa</i> Species of deciduous tree classified in its own family

Paulownia tomentosa, common names princess tree, empress tree, or foxglove-tree, is a deciduous hardwood tree in the family Paulowniaceae, native to central and western China. It is an extremely fast-growing tree with seeds that disperse readily, and is a persistent exotic invasive species in North America, where it has undergone naturalisation in large areas of the Eastern US. P. tomentosa has also been introduced to Western and Central Europe, and is establishing itself as a naturalised species there as well.

<i>Radermachera sinica</i> Species of tree

Radermachera sinica, also called china doll, serpent tree or emerald tree, is an evergreen tree in the family Bignoniaceae, native to the subtropical mountain regions of southern China and Taiwan.

<i>Wisteria sinensis</i> Variety of legume

Wisteria sinensis, commonly known as the Chinese wisteria, is a species of flowering plant in the pea family, native to China, in the provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, and Yunnan. Growing 20–30 m (66–98 ft) tall, it is a deciduous vine. It is widely cultivated in temperate regions for its twisting stems and masses of scented flowers in hanging racemes, in spring.

<i>Acer griseum</i> Species of maple

Acer griseum, the paperbark maple or blood-bark maple, is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae, native to central China. Acer griseum is found in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Sichuan, at altitudes of 1,500–2,000 m (4,921–6,562 ft).

<i>Catalpa speciosa</i> Midwestern North America species of flowering tree

Catalpa speciosa, commonly known as the northern catalpa, hardy catalpa, western catalpa, cigar tree or catawba, is a species of Catalpa native to the midwestern United States.

<i>Castanea mollissima</i> Species of tree

Castanea mollissima, also known as the Chinese chestnut, is a species of chestnut tree in the family Fagaceae that is native to China, Taiwan, and Korea.

<i>Catalpa bignonioides</i> Species of tree

Catalpa bignonioides is a short-lived species of Catalpa that is native to the southeastern United States in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Common names include southern catalpa, cigartree, and Indian-bean-tree. It is commonly used as a garden and street tree.

<i>Decaisnea</i> Genus of orchids

Decaisnea Hook.f &Thomson, known commonly as dead man's fingers, blue bean plant, or blue sausage fruit, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lardizabalaceae. It is native to eastern Asia, from China west to Nepal and south to Myanmar.

<i>Abies fargesii</i> Species of conifer

Abies fargesii is a species of fir, a coniferous tree in the family Pinaceae. Its common name is Farges' fir, after the French missionary, botanist and plant collector, Paul Guillaume Farges. Abies fargesii can grow very large and be up to 40 metres (130 ft) tall. It is endemic to central China where it is found in Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan provinces. It grows in mountains and river basins at altitudes between 1,500–3,900 metres (4,900–12,800 ft) ASL. The cones of the given fir are 0.8 to 1.5 by 1.3–2 centimetres (0.51–0.79 in).

<i>Hamamelis mollis</i> Species of tree

Hamamelis mollis, also known as Chinese witch hazel, is a species of flowering plant in the witch hazel family Hamamelidaceae, native to central and eastern China, in Anhui, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, and Zhejiang.

<i><span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> Chitalpa</i> Species of tree

×Chitalpa is an intergeneric hybrid flowering tree in the family Bignoniaceae. There are two major forms in North America, the 'Morning Cloud' a hybrid of desert willow for desert hardiness and color, and northern catalpa, and the 'Pink Dawn' variety formed as a hybrid of desert willow and either yellow catalpa or northern catalpa. Both forms were originally thought to be hybrids of desert willow and southern catalpa. The name is nothogeneric, or a combination of the two parents' names. Leaves are lanceolate, 10 to 13 cm long and 2.5 cm (1 in) wide, almost always in whorls of three. The trumpet-shaped flowers are 2.5 cm (1 in) long and frilly. The inflorescence is indeterminate, with alternately arranged flowers.

<i>Clerodendrum trichotomum</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae

Clerodendrum trichotomum, the harlequin glorybower, glorytree or peanut butter tree, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is native to China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, India, and the Philippines.

<i>Lilium fargesii</i> Species of lily

Lilium fargesii is a Chinese species of plants in the lily family native to Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of China.

Torreya fargesii is a species of conifer in the family Taxaceae. It is a large tree that can be up to 20 metres (66 ft) tall. It is endemic to central and southern China; it is found in Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Yunnan provinces, and possibly in Anhui. It occurs in coniferous, mixed, and broad-leaved forests at altitudes 1,000–3,400 metres (3,300–11,200 ft) ASL. The seeds can be pressed for oil. The wood is used in construction and furniture.

<i>Iris lactea</i> Species of plant

Iris lactea is a species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus Limniris and is the only species in the series Ensatae. The Japanese water iris, Iris ensata, is actually in series Laevigatae. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from central Asia, with pale blue or violet flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris dolichosiphon is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China and Bhutan. It has long, thin dark green leaves, very short stem, and dark blue, purple, or violet flowers. That are mottled with white. It has thick white/orange beards. It has one subspecies, Iris dolichosiphon subsp. orientalis, from China, India and Burma. It has similar flowers. They are cultivated as ornamental plants in temperate regions

Castanopsis fargesii Is an evergreen tree that grows 10–30 m tall.

<i>Salix fargesii</i> Species of willow

Salix fargesii (川鄂柳), the Farges willow, is a species of flowering plant in the willow family (Salicaceae), which is native to Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan in China. It inhabits mountainous areas at 1,400–1,600 m (4,600–5,200 ft).

<i>Catalpa <span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> erubescens</i> A hybrid plant species in the family Bignoniaceae

Catalpa × erubescens, the hybrid catalpa, is a hybrid plant species of Catalpa in the family Bignoniaceae. It is a medium-sized tree, reaching at most 20 m. Its parents are southern catalpa, Catalpa bignonioides, from the United States, and yellow catalpa, C. ovata, from China. There is one accepted form, Catalpa × erubescens Carrière f. purpurea Paclt, which has purple, some say chocolate-colored, young leaves which turn green as they mature. This form is marketed under a variety of names, such as hybrid catalpa 'Purpurea', red-leaved Indian bean tree, and purple hybrid catalpa, and has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

References

  1. "Catalpa bungei C.A.Mey. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "Flora of China, Vol. 18, Page 216" . Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Catalpa fargesii". Cambridge Botanic Garden. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Bean's Trees and Shrubs". www.beanstreesandshrubs.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Farges catalpa" . Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  6. 1 2 "International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  7. 1 2 Zhang, Xiaoxi; Lu, Yupeng; Xu, Jiyuan; Liu, Zengwen (3 April 2018). "Leachates of medicinal herbs inhibit the decomposition rate of Catalpa fargesii Bur. litter". Écoscience. 25 (2): 179–188. doi:10.1080/11956860.2018.1426275. ISSN   1195-6860. S2CID   89656461 . Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  8. "Catalpa fargesii f. duclouxii". www.rhs.org. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 12 April 2020.

Other sources