Caulophryne jordani

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Caulophryne jordani
C jordani.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Lophiiformes
Family: Caulophrynidae
Genus: Caulophryne
Species:
C. jordani
Binomial name
Caulophryne jordani
Goode & T. H. Bean, 1896
Synonyms [2]
  • Ceratocaulophryne regani Roule & Angel, 1932
  • Caulophryne setosus Goode & T. H. Bean, 1896

Caulophryne jordani, the fanfin angler, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Caulophrynidae, the fanfins. This species is a deepwater species which is found in Oceanic waters around the world. Like other deepwater anglerfishes it shows extreme sexual dimorphism with the males being much smaller than the females and acting as sexual parasites of the females.

Contents

Taxonomy

Caulophryne jordani was first formally described in 1896 by the American ichthyologists [George Brown Goode]] and Tarleton Hoffman Bean with its type locality given as the Gulf Stream off Long Island, New York at 39°27'N, 71°15'W, Albatross station 2747 from a depth between 0 and 1,276 fathoms (0 and 7,656 ft; 0 and 2,334 m). [2] When Goode and Bean described the species they placed it in a new monospecific genus, Caulophryne , so this species is the type species of that genus by monotypy. [3] Caulophryne is one of two genera within the family Caulophrynidae. The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the Caulophrynidae within the suborder Ceratioidei of the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes. [4]

Etymology

Caulophryne jordani is a species within the genus Caulophryne, this name is a combination of caulis, which mean" stem", an allusion to the stem-like base of the illicium, with phryne, meaning "toad", a suffix commonly used in the names of anglerfish genera. Its use may date as far back as Aristotle and Cicero, who referred to anglerfishes as “fishing-frogs” and “sea-frogs,” respectively, possibly because of their resemblance to frogs and toads. The specific name honours the American ichthyologist, educator, and eugenicist David Starr Jordan, the president of Leland Stanford Jr University in California, in recognition of his work in the field of ichthyology. [5]

Description

Caulophryne jordani has a high degree of sexual dimorphism. The females have short, round bodies with large mouths. The lower jaw reaches back past the base of the pectoral fin. The teeth in the jaws are thin, backwards curving and depressible. They have highly elongated dorsal and anal fins, with the soft rays of these fins resembling long threads. There are 8 fin rays in the caudal fin. They do not have pelvic fins. The sensory cells of the lateral line system are at the tips of the filamentous rays of the dorsal and anal fins. They have a simple esca, or lure, which lacks a bulb but which may have filaments or appendages. The skin is naked and they do not have any dermal spines. The males are much smaller than the females and have more elongated bodies. They have large eyes and large nostrils, with large olfactory receptors. They have no teeth in the jaws, although there are tooth-like structures on the jaw bones which are used to attach to the larger female. The male do not have elongated dorsal and anal fins but so have large pectoral fins. [6] The dorsal fin of this has between 16 and 19 rays while the anal fin has between 14 and 18 rays. The morphology of the esca and illicium distinguish C. jordani from its congeners. In this species the illicium has pigment apart from the part near the esca and there are between 5 and 14 elongated translucent filaments along the whole length of the illicium, all of these except for the ones nearest the esca have their origin on the rear margin of the illicium. The length of the illicium is equivalent to between 16.8% and 36.8% of the standard length. The esca has a long, filamentous appendage arising on its side towards the front, two appendages on its tip which each have manty filaments, thicker toward the front of the appendage and thinner towards the rear. These filaments are opaque along the rear margin and the rearmost are the thinnest. The appendage on the side of the esca near its front has many short filaments and has a palmate and opaque tip. [7] The maximum published total length is 1.6 cm (0.63 in) for males [8] and 20 cm (7.9 in) for females. [9]

Distribution and habitat

Caulophryne jordani has a circumglobal distribution, although most records come from the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean and the Indo-Pacific region. [1] It is a bathypelagic species that has been recorded at depths between 100 and 1,510 m (330 and 4,950 ft). [9]

Biology

Caulophryne jordani is a predator on other fishes. They reproduce by means of pelagic eggs which hatch into pelagic larvae. The short, rounded larvae have swollen skin and well-developed pectoral and pelvic fins, the pelvic fins being lost as they metamorphose. Both larval males and females have a basic illicium. Metamorphosis starts at a standard length of 8 to 10 mm (0.31 to 0.39 in). [6] The large, well-developed eyes and olfactory apparatus of the metamorphosed males are used to detect and home in on a species specific chemical released by the female to attract males. When the male finds a female he bites her and the tissue and circulatory systems of the pair fuse, he becomes a sexual parasite on the female and is nourished by the female through shared blood. For the remainder of his life he is attached to the female and fertilises her eggs. [10]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oneirodidae</span> Family of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glauert's anglerfish</span> Species of fish

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<i>Lasiognathus</i> Genus of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black seadevil</span> Family of fishes

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<i>Rhynchactis</i> Genus of fishes

Rhynchactis is a genus of deep-sea anglerfish in the family Gigantactinidae, containing three species found worldwide at depths greater than 400 m (1,300 ft). Adult female Rhynchactis reach a standard length (SL) of 11–13 cm (4.3–5.1 in) and have a dark-colored, streamlined body and a relatively small head bearing a very long illicium. Unlike almost all other deep-sea anglerfishes, the illicium bears no bioluminescent esca at the tip. The mouth is almost devoid of teeth, and the inside of both jaws are covered by numerous white glands that are unique to this genus.

<i>Phyllophryne</i> Species of fish

Phyllophryne is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The only species in the genus is Phyllophryne scortea, the white-spotted anglerfish, smooth anglerfish or smooth frogfish, which is endemic to southern Australia.

<i>Caulophryne polynema</i> Species of fish

Caulophryne polynema is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Caulophrynidae, the fanfins. This species is a deepwater species which is found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Like other deepwater anglerfishes it shows extreme sexual dimorphism with the males being much smaller than the females and acting as sexual parasites of the females.

<i>Caulophryne</i> Genus of fishes

Caulophryne is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Caulophrynidae, the fanfins or hairy anglerfishes. These fishes are found throughout the non-polar oceans of the world.

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Chirophryne is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. The only species in the gneus is Chirophryne xenolophus, the longhand dreamer. This species is known from a few locations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Ctenochirichthys is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. The only species in the genus is Ctenochirichthys longimanus is known only from two locations, on in the Atlantic Ocean and the other in the Western Pacific Ocean.

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<i>Pentherichthys</i> Monotypic genus of fish

Pentherichthys is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep-sea anglerfishes. The only species in the genus is Pentherichthys atratus which is found in the bathypelagic zones of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. The males of this species are dwarfed and are not parasitic on the females.

<i>Caulophryne pelagica</i> Species of fish

Caulophryne pelagica is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Caulophrynidae, the fanfins. This species is a deepwater species which is found in the eastern Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean and Southern Ocean. Its biology is little known but similar species show extreme sexual dimorphism with the very small makes seeking out and attaching themselves to the much larger females and becoming parasites of the females.

Caulophryne bacescui of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Caulophrynidae, the fanfins or hairy anglerfishes. It is known from a single specimen collected from the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Lophiocharon trisignatus</i> Species of fish

Lophiocharon trisignatus, the spot-tail anglerfish, rough anglerfish or three-spot frogfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. This fish is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

Chaenophryne melanorhabdus is a species marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. This predatory, deep-sea fish is found in the Pacific Ocean. Like other deep-sea anglerfishes dreamers are sexually dimorphic with the matamorphosed females dwarfing the metamorphosed males, the males are not sexual parasites.

References

  1. 1 2 Knudsen, S. (2015). "Caulophryne jordani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T190447A60458538. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T190447A60458538.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Caulophryne". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  3. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Caulophrynidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  4. ↑ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 508–518. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  5. ↑ Christopher Scharpf (3 June 2024). "Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 2): Families CAULOPHRYNIDAE, NEOCERATIIDAE, MELANOCETIDAE, HIMANTOLOPHIDAE, DICERATIIDAE, ONEIRODIDAE, THAUMATICHTHYIDAE, CENTROPHRYNIDAE, CERATIIDAE, GIGANTACTINIDAE and LINOPHRYNIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  6. 1 2 Dianne J. Bray. "Fanfin Anglers, CAULOPHRYNIDAE". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  7. ↑ Theodore W. Pietsch Ph.D. (2009). Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea. University of California Press. pp. 446–447. ISBN   978-0520942554.
  8. ↑ Bray, D.J. (2018). "Caulophryne jordani". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  9. 1 2 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2024). "Caulophryne jordani" in FishBase . February 2024 version.
  10. ↑ "A blind date in the deep sea: First-ever observations of a living anglerfish, a female with her tiny mate, coupled for life". UWNews. University of Washington. 22 March 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
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