Cawood

Cawood
Cawood
	Centre of Cawood
	Cawood Location within North Yorkshire
Population	1,549 (2011 Census)
OS grid reference	SE572377
Unitary authority	North Yorkshire ;
Ceremonial county	North Yorkshire ;
Region	Yorkshire and the Humber ;
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	SELBY
Postcode district	YO8
Police	North Yorkshire
Fire	North Yorkshire
Ambulance	Yorkshire
	List of places UK England Yorkshire 53°49′54″N1°07′44″W / 53.83167°N 1.12889°W

Last updated November 18, 2024

Cawood (other names: Carwood) is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England that is notable as the location of the Cawood sword. It was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974.^[2]

History

According to Edmunds' "History in Names of Places" (London, 1869), the first syllable, Ca-, means a hollow, also a field. Edmunds gives Cawood of Yorkshire as an example. The last syllable -wood, is self-evident. The name, therefore, is a place-name of Anglo-Saxon origin and was first used to describe one who lived in a wooded hollow or field.

In his King's England series, Arthur Mee refers to Cawood as "the Windsor of the North". Cawood was formerly one of the chief places of residence of the Archbishop of York, who had here a magnificent Palace or Castle, in which several of the bishops died. It was obtained for the see of York from King Athelstan, in the 10th century, by Archbishop Wulstan. The village surrounded its walls. Alexander Nevil, the 45th Archbishop, is said to have bestowed great cost on this palace, and to have adorned it with several new towers. Henry Bowett, the 49th Archbishop, built the great hall; and his successor, Cardinal Kempe, erected the gatehouse, the ruins of which are all that remain of this once magnificent building.^[3]

In the 1800s Cawood was considered a market and parish-town, "in the wapentake of Barkston-Ash, liberties of St. Peter and Cawood, Wistow, and Otley; 5 miles from Selby, 7½ from Tadcaster, 10 from York, 12 from Pontefract, 186 from London."^[3] Cawood being within the Liberty of Cawood, Wistow, and Otley made the village administratively independent from the surrounding West Riding of Yorkshire.

Market was held each Wednesday. Fairs were held on Old May day and 23 September. The principal inn was named the Ferry House. The local church, a peculiar, was a vicarage, dedicated to All Saints, in the deanery of Ainsty (now New Ainsty). Notice of the union of the Liberty of Cawood, Wistow, and Otley with the West Riding of Yorkshire was published in the London Gazette on 21 March 1864. Some of the economic changes in the following decades were also due to increased transportation and agricultural mechanization. It remained part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974.

Cawood is south of the point where the River Wharfe flows into the River Ouse which subsequently forms the northern border of the village. Cawood Bridge is the only bridge from the village which spans the river. The bridge was opened in 1872: before then the only means of crossing was by use of a ferry. Dick Turpin is said to have forded the river when he escaped to York, which lies ten miles north of Cawood. The River Ouse used to flood the village regularly in winter. Since the floods of January 1982, whose height is marked on the bridgekeeper's cottage, river defences have been raised so that the fields on the northern side (Kelfield Ings) and the former Ferry Boat Inn, also on the Kelfield side, are now the only areas that flood, even at times of exceptionally high waters, such as in November 2000.

Cawood Castle

The houses and shops are located around the remains of Cawood Castle which lies at its centre. This was the residence of the Archbishops of York who were forced to leave at the English Reformation. It is possible to stay in the Castle Gatehouse, which is a Landmark Trust property. This stands next to Castle Garth, a scheduled ancient monument, under which are the remains of the castle. It is currently owned by the village, but closely looked after by English Heritage and the local Garth group as a "green space" in the centre of the village.

Village centre

The village used to house a host of public houses, but the Anchor, Thompson's Arms and the Bay Horse have closed. The three remaining pubs are:

The Jolly Sailor is situated on Market Place in the village centre.
The Ferry Inn is located just by the swing bridge over the River Ouse.
The Castle Inn can be found on Wistowgate, heading towards Selby.

There are several notable houses in the village, including The Grange and Yew Tree House.^[4]

Parish church

The village is served by a parish church, which is dedicated to All Saints'. It is an active place of worship and community events. It is also a Grade I listed building.

Transport

Cawood railway station provided a passenger service from 1898 to 1929 and continued to provide goods services until it was closed altogether in 1960.

Notable people

Notable people who were born or live in Cawood include: Henry Monson, a founding New Zealand settler. Michael Lyons FRBS FRSA, a contemporary British artist,^[5] and former Vice-President of the Royal British Society of Sculptors.^[6]

Notable people who died in Cawood include seven Archbishops of York: William Greenfield, Tobias Matthew, William Melton, Thomas Rotherham, John Thoresby, Thomas Savage and William Zouche. Archbishop George Montaigne is buried in the parish churchyard after dying in London, having originated from Cawood.

Also the children's nursery rhyme Humpty Dumpty may refer to Cardinal Wolsey's 'great fall' at Cawood, when he was arrested by King Henry VIII's men.^[7]

Related Research Articles

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Acaster Malbis is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of the City of York, England. It is located on the River Ouse, almost 5 miles (8 km) south of York. Nearby are the villages of Copmanthorpe 2 miles (3.2 km) to the north-west, Bishopthorpe 2 miles to the north and Appleton Roebuck 3.5 miles (6 km) to the south-west. The parish covers an area of about 2,000 acres (810 ha).

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Acaster Selby is a village in the former Selby District of North Yorkshire, England. It is part of the joint civil parish with Appleton Roebuck. It is situated about 6 miles (9.7 km) south from York, on the west back of the River Ouse; near the opposite bank is the settlement of Stillingfleet, and 1.3 miles (2.1 km) to the north-west is Appleton Roebuck.

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Naburn is a small village and civil parish in the unitary authority of the City of York in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It lies on the eastern side of the River Ouse about 4 miles (6.4 km) south of York. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 470, increasing to 516 at the 2011 census.

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Cawood Bridge is a swing bridge which spans the Yorkshire River Ouse in North Yorkshire, England. Construction was authorised in 1870, with the formation of the Cawood Bridge bridge company. It was opened on 31 July 1872 to replace the ferry, and is located about halfway between Naburn and Selby. It is the only bridge from the village of Cawood that crosses the river. It is Grade II listed.

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Ryther cum Ossendyke is a civil parish 6 miles (9.7 km) from Tadcaster and 6 miles (9.7 km) from Selby, North Yorkshire, England. It includes the village of Ryther. The civil parish population at the 2011 census was 241.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stillingfleet</span> Village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England

Stillingfleet is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It was in the historic East Riding of Yorkshire, but since 1974 has come under North Yorkshire. It is about 6 miles (10 km) south of York and nearby settlements include Acaster Selby, Naburn and Appleton Roebuck.

Kelfield is a small village and civil parish in the Selby district of North Yorkshire, England. It was historically part of the East Riding of Yorkshire until 1974.

Cawood is a village in North Yorkshire, England.

Selby Toll Bridge is one of three swing bridges in the town of Selby, North Yorkshire, England. A timber bridge over the River Ouse in the town was opened in c. 1793 to replace a ferry crossing that had existed since Medieval times. The bridge provided a connection between the West and East Ridings of Yorkshire across the River Ouse, and became the furthest downstream public bridge crossing over the river until 1929, when the Boothferry Bridge was built. The moving section of the original bridge used ball-bearings and cog wheels; the bridge is believed to be the first in the world to use ball-bearings. The replacement 1970s bridge, now only carries the A19 road as the A63 bypass was opened in 2004.

Saxton with Scarthingwell is a civil parish just south of Tadcaster in North Yorkshire, England. The parish contains the villages of Saxton and Scarthingwell, with two churches and the remains of a castle. Historically the area was a township, however it has been its own civil parish since 1866. Although the main part of the Battle of Towton was fought to the north out of the parish, some of the dead were interred in the parish, and at least one minor skirmish was fought within the parish boundaries.

References

↑ UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Cawood Parish (E04007729)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics . Retrieved 11 September 2019.
↑ "History of Cawood, in Selby and West Riding | Map and description". www.visionofbritain.org.uk. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
1 2 "Genuki: Cawood, Yorkshire (West Riding)".
↑ Harman, Ruth; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2017), Yorkshire West Riding: Sheffield and the South, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-22468-9
↑ "RSBS Website". Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
↑ "Michael Lyons Website". Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
↑ "Village hails Humpty Dumpty". York Press. 13 August 1998. Retrieved 8 April 2020.

External links

Cawood village history Cawood Village
1820s family history transcriptions Genuki
Local history Ross family website
The Stillingfleet tragedy Stillingfleet
All Saints' Church The church's website

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[1] UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Cawood Parish (E04007729)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics . Retrieved 11 September 2019.

[2] "History of Cawood, in Selby and West Riding | Map and description". www.visionofbritain.org.uk. Retrieved 21 November 2020.

[GENUKI-3] 1 2 "Genuki: Cawood, Yorkshire (West Riding)".

[4] Harman, Ruth; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2017), Yorkshire West Riding: Sheffield and the South, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-22468-9

[5] "RSBS Website". Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.

[6] "Michael Lyons Website". Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2018.

[7] "Village hails Humpty Dumpty". York Press. 13 August 1998. Retrieved 8 April 2020.

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