Chilean myotis

Last updated

Chilean myotis
Myotis chiloensis 1467762.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Genus: Myotis
Species:
M. chiloensis
Binomial name
Myotis chiloensis
(Waterhouse, 1840)
Distribution of Myotis chiloensis.png

The Chilean myotis (Myotis chiloensis) is a species of vesper bat found in southern South America.

Contents

Description

The Chilean myotis is a small bat, measuring only 7 to 9 cm (2.8 to 3.5 in) in total length, including the tail, and weighing about 7 g (0.25 oz). The colour of their fur varies with latitude, from pale ochraceous in the north to coffee-brown in the south. They have a wing aspect ratio of 5.8, suggesting that they are slow, but highly manoeuvrable, in flight. The tail is entirely enclosed within the uropatagium. [2]

Distribution and habitat

Apart from the southern big-eared brown bat, which lives in the same general locality, the Chilean myotis lives further south than any other bat species in the world. [2] The species lives primarily in Chile, south of about 30°S, but is also found in the westernmost regions of the Argentinian provinces of Neuquén, Río Negro, and Chubut. At the extreme southern end of its range, it is found across Tierra del Fuego, in both the Chilean and Argentinian parts of the island. [3] Over this wide area, it ranges from the semi-arid Chilean Matorral in the north to temperate and evergreen forests in the south. [2] [4]

There are no currently recognised subspecies, although the montane and Atacama myotises, which live further north in western South America, and are now considered species in their own right, were formerly considered to be subspecies of M. chiloensis. [2]

Biology and behaviour

Chilean myotises roost in holes in trees, rock crevices, caves, and artificial structures such as attic spaces. They emerge at dusk, and feed for about three hours before returning home to roost; unlike most other bats they do not feed again later in the night. Because of their small size and low metabolic rate, the bats often enter a daily period of torpor during which their body temperature falls to just 0.5 °C above ambient. [2]

They feed on flies that they capture on the wing, particularly including nematocerans such as crane flies. [5] Their echolocation calls consist of a downward frequency modulated segment followed by a narrowband component at a relatively constant frequency. Search calls sweep down from 89 to 39 kHz, and are emitted at intervals of about 95 milliseconds. [6] Females give birth to a single young at the beginning of summer. [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater bulldog bat</span> Species of mammal

The greater bulldog bat or fisherman bat is a species of fishing bat native to Latin America. The bat uses echolocation to detect water ripples made by the fish upon which it preys, then uses the pouch between its legs to scoop the fish up and its sharp claws to catch and cling to it. It is not to be confused with the lesser bulldog bat, which, though belonging to the same genus, merely catches water insects, such as water striders and water beetles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mexican free-tailed bat</span> Species of mammal (Tadarida brasiliensis)

The Mexican free-tailed bat or Brazilian free-tailed bat is a medium-sized bat native to the Americas, so named because its tail can be almost half its total length and is not attached to its uropatagium. It has been claimed to have the fastest horizontal speed of any animal, reaching top ground speeds over 99 mph (160 km/h). It also flies the highest among bats, at altitudes around 3,300 m (10,800 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lesser dog-like bat</span> Species of bat

The lesser dog-like bat, also known as Peters' sac-winged bat, is a species of bat from South and Central America. First described in 1826, it was renamed in 1843 because the original scientific name was already in use for another species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern yellow bat</span> Species of bat

The southern yellow bat is a species of vesper bat that belongs to suborder microchiroptera (microbat) in the family Vespertilionidae. It is native to South, North and Central America, from the Rio Grande Valley of Texas in the United States to Argentina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silver-tipped myotis</span> Species of bat

The silver-tipped myotis is a species of mouse-eared bat found in a range of lowland habitats in the Americas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black myotis</span> Species of bat

The black myotis is a vesper bat species from South and Central America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Riparian myotis</span> Species of bat

The riparian myotis, is a vespertilionid bat species from South and Central America. It is a medium-sized bat compared to other South American myotis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Velvety myotis</span> Species of bat

The velvety myotis, is a species of vesper bat from South America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wagner's bonneted bat</span> Species of bat

Wagner's bonneted bat or Wagner's mastiff bat, is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. It is found in the Americas from Argentina and Peru north to Mexico, and Cuba. Populations in Florida in the United States are now recognized as the Florida bonneted bat

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dwarf dog-faced bat</span> Species of bat

The dwarf dog-faced bat is a species of free-tailed bat from South America. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Paraguay and Uruguay, typically at lower elevations. It is one of two species in the genus Molossops, the other being the rufous dog-faced bat. Three subspecies are often recognized, though mammalogist Judith Eger considers it monotypic with no subspecies. It is a small free-tailed bat, with a forearm length of 28.9–32.5 mm (1.14–1.28 in) and a weight of 5–8 g (0.18–0.28 oz); males are larger than females. It is brown, with paler belly fur and darker back fur. Its wings are unusual for a free-tailed bat, with exceptionally broad wingtips. Additionally, it has low wing loading, meaning that it has a large wing surface area relative to its body weight. Therefore, it flies more similarly to a vesper bat than to other species in its own family. As it forages at night for its insect prey, including moths, beetles, and others, it uses two kinds of frequency-modulated echolocation calls: one type is to navigate in open areas and to search for prey, while the other type is used for navigating in cluttered areas or while approaching a prey item.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Broad-eared bat</span> Species of bat

The broad-eared bat or broad-tailed bat is a species of free-tailed bat from the Americas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Para dog-faced bat</span> Species of mammal

The Para dog-faced bat, also called the brown dog-faced bat, is a South American bat species of the family Molossidae. It is found in Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, and northern Argentina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-throated round-eared bat</span> Species of bat

The white-throated round-eared bat is a bat species found from Honduras to Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil. It creates roosts inside the nests of the termite, Nasutitermes corniger. It thrives on a mainly insect-based diet, focusing on the surfaces of foliage to hunt, and also eats fruit and pollen. It has a very wide range and is a common species over much of that range, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern myotis</span> Species of bat

The southern myotis is a species of vesper bat. It is found only in Argentina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atacama myotis</span> Species of plant

The Atacama myotis is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is found in Chile and Peru, an example ecoregion of occurrence being the Chilean matorral.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hairy-legged myotis</span> Species of bat

The hairy-legged myotis is a species of mouse-eared bat. It is found from southern Tamaulipas in Mexico, through much of Central America and across northern South America as far east as Trinidad. Further south, it is found along the foothills of the Andes as far south as northern Argentina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yuma myotis</span> Species of bat

The Yuma myotis is a species of vesper bat native to western North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cinnamon red bat</span> Species of bat

The cinnamon red bat is a species of bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It was first described from a specimen that had been collected in Chile. For more than one hundred years after its initial description, it was largely considered a synonym of the eastern red bat. From the 1980s onward, it was frequently recognized as distinct from the eastern red bat due to its fur coloration and differences in range. It has deep red fur, lacking white "frosting" on the tips of individual hairs seen in other members of Lasiurus. It has a forearm length of 39–42 mm (1.5–1.7 in) and a weight of 9.5–11.0 g (0.34–0.39 oz).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern big-eared brown bat</span> Species of bat

The southern big-eared brown bat is a species of bat from the family Vespertilionidae. Although current taxonomy treats the southern big-eared brown bat as a separate species, it is often treated as a subspecies of the small big-eared brown bat. It lives in the forests of southern Argentina and Chile; though the population of the bat in the southern part of its habitat is low, there are no major concerns to justify anything lower than a Least Concern rating in the IUCN Red List.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dinelli's myotis</span> Species of bat

Dinelli's myotis is a species of vesper bat found in southern South America.

References

  1. Barquez, R.; Diaz, M. (2016). "Myotis chiloensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14151A22061103. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T14151A22061103.en . Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ossa, G. & Rodríguez-San Pedro, A. (August 2015). "Myotis chiloensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)". Mammalian Species. 47 (922): 51–56. doi: 10.1093/mspecies/sev005 .
  3. Barquez, R. & Diaz, M. (2008). "Myotis chiloensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T14151A4410480.
  4. Maynard, C.N.; et al. (July 2014). "Bats of the Chilean temperate rainforest: patterns of landscape use in a mosaic of native forests, eucalyptus plantations and grasslands within a South American biodiversity hotspot". Biodiversity and Conservation. 23 (8): 1949–1963. doi:10.1007/s10531-014-0697-3. S2CID   13988668.
  5. Koopman, K.F. (August 1967). "The Southernmost Bats". Journal of Mammalogy. 48 (3): 487–488. doi:10.2307/1377795. JSTOR   1377795.
  6. Rodríguez-San Pedro, A. & Simonetti, J.A. (January 2013). "Acoustic identification of four species of bats (Order Chiroptera) in central Chile". Bioacoustics. 22 (2): 165–172. doi:10.1080/09524622.2013.763384. hdl: 10533/133211 . S2CID   85002402.