| Frosted myotis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Vespertilionidae |
| Genus: | Myotis |
| Species: | M. pruinosus |
| Binomial name | |
| Myotis pruinosus Yoshiyuki, 1971 | |
 | |
The frosted myotis (Myotis pruinosus) is a species of vesper bat. It is found only in Japan.
It was first discovered in August 1969 by Kimio Endo. In 1971, it was described by Mizuko Yoshiyuki. [2] It is most closely related to the Yanbaru whiskered bat and the Burmese whiskered bat. Based on its similarity to these two species, it is hypothesized that the ancestor of the frosted myotis evolved to the south of Japan, and its range expanded northwards over time. [3]
In Japanese it is known as クロホオヒゲコウモリ.
It is a small species of bat. Its forearm is only 30–33 mm (1.2–1.3 in) long. The fur of its back is brackish brown, with conspicuous frosted tips. The fur of its belly is lighter in color than the dorsal surface. The fur is velvety in texture, dense, and short, with individual hairs approximately 5.5 mm (0.22 in) long. Its wing membranes are dark brown. Their ears are narrow and short, with the tragus about half as high as the ear. Their dental formula is 2.1.3.33.1.3.3, for a total of 38 teeth. [2]
It roosts in tree hollows during the day. It is therefore dependent on large trees with hollows, and is not found in habitats where they aren't any. [1] It is a diploid species, with two copies each of 22 chromosomes, for a total of 44 chromosomes. [4]
It is found most often in mountain forests of lower elevations. It is encountered at elevations of 200–300 m (660–980 ft) above sea level. It has been recorded in the Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu islands of Japan. [1]
It is currently evaluated as endangered by the IUCN. It meets the criteria to be listed as endangered because its extent of occurrence is less than 5,000 km2 (1,900 sq mi), its range is severely fragmented, and its habitat is projected to decline in extend and quality. It is believed that its population size is declining. Some of the main threats facing this species are habitat destruction and forest fragmentation. [1]
The velvety myotis, is a species of vesper bat from South America.
Bokermann's nectar bat is a bat species from South America. It is endemic to Brazil. It feeds on nectar, and is listed as an endangered species.
The little big-eared bat is a bat species in the order Chiroptera and family Phyllostomidae. It is from South and Central America particularly Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay, Suriname and Trinidad. Though its exact population is unknown, it is considered widespread and occurs in protected areas, although deforestation may be a minor threat, it is classified as Least Concern. It is found in multistratal evergreen forests and dry thorn forests and forages near streams and is found hollow trees, logs, caverns, or houses with groups up to twelve. The head and body length measures at 44 millimetres (1.7 in) for males and 45 millimetres (1.8 in) for females. Males usually weigh about 5 grams (0.18 oz) while females weigh 5.7 grams (0.20 oz).
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The eastern small-footed bat is a species of vesper bat. It can be found in southern Ontario and Quebec in Canada and in mountainous portions of the eastern United States from New England to northern Georgia, and westward to northern Arkansas. It is among the smallest bats in eastern North America and is known for its small feet and black face-mask. Until recently, all North American small-footed Myotis were considered to be "Myotis leibii". The western population is now considered to be a separate species, Myotis ciliolabrum. The eastern small-footed bat is rare throughout its range, although the species may be locally abundant where suitable habitat exists. Studies suggest white-nose syndrome has caused declines in their populations. However, most occurrences of this species have only been counted within the past decade or two and are not revisited regularly, making their population status difficult to assess. Additionally, most bat populations in the eastern U.S. have been monitored using surveys conducted in caves and mines in the winter, but eastern small-footed bats hibernate in places that make them unlikely to be encountered during these surveys. Perhaps as a result, the numbers of eastern small-footed bats counted in winter tend to be low and they are relatively variable compared to other species of bats. Many biologists believe the species is stable, having declined little in recent times, but that it is vulnerable due to its relatively restricted geographic range and habitat needs.
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The flat-headed myotis is a species of vesper bat. It is endemic to Mexico where it is found in certain montane forests in the Sierra Madre Oriental in the northeast of the country. Once thought to be extinct, this bat was rediscovered in 2004 by Joaquín Arroyo-Cabrales and colleagues. The species is now classified as endangered by the IUCN.
The Yanbaru whiskered bat is a species of vesper bat in the genus Myotis.
The Guadalcanal monkey-faced bat or Guadalcanal flying monkey is a megabat endemic to Solomon Islands. It is listed as an endangered species. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation.
The Alcathoe bat is a European bat in the genus Myotis. Known only from Greece and Hungary when it was first described in 2001, its known distribution has since expanded as far as Portugal, England, Sweden, and Russia. It is similar to the whiskered bat and other species and is difficult to distinguish from them. However, its brown fur is distinctive and it is clearly different in characters of its karyotype and DNA sequences. It is most closely related to Myotis hyrcanicus from Iran, but otherwise has no close relatives.
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The Armenian whiskered bat, also known as the Hajastan myotis or the Armenian myotis, is a species of bat from the family Vespertilionidae. The Armenian whiskered bat was formerly included as a part of the whiskered bat, but was considered distinct in 2000 as a result of morphologic comparison.
The Japanese short-tailed bat is a species of bat belonging to the family Vespertilionidae. It is endemic to Japan where it is found at the base of the northern Japanese Alps, the Chichibu Mountains and Oze National Park, mostly at altitudes higher than 700 m.
The Bala tube-nosed bat is a critically endangered species of bat found in Thailand.
The Barbados myotis is a species of bat found in the Lesser Antilles. It was previously considered a subspecies of Schwartz's myotis, Myotis martiniquensis, but was elevated to species rank in 2012.
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