Chilean presidential election, 1942

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Chilean presidential election, 1942
Flag of Chile.svg
  1938 Sunday February 1, 1942 1946  
Turnout 80.23% Increase2.svg7.79%

  Retrato del Presidente Juan Antonio Rios.jpg Carlos Ibanez del Campo-Revista Zig-Zag.jpg
Candidate Juan Antonio Ríos Carlos Ibáñez del Campo
Party Radical Independent
Alliance
Popular vote260,034204,635
Percentage55.96%44.04%
Coat of arms of Chile.svg
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
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Presidential elections were held in Chile on February 1, 1942. [1] The result was a victory for Juan Antonio Ríos of the Radical Party, who received 56% of the vote.

Chile republic in South America

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.

Juan Antonio Ríos Chilean politician and President

Juan Antonio Ríos Morales was a Chilean political figure, and President of Chile from 1942 to 1946, during the height of World War II. He died in office.

Contents

Electoral system

The election was held using the absolute majority system, under which a candidate had to receive over 50% of the popular vote to be elected. If no candidate received over 50% of the vote, both houses of the National Congress would come together to vote on the two candidates who received the most votes. [2]

National Congress of Chile legislative branch of the government of the Republic of Chile

The National Congress of Chile is the legislative branch of the government of the Republic of Chile.

Background

In 1941, due to his rapidly escalating illness, President Pedro Aguirre Cerda appointed his Minister of the Interior, Jerónimo Méndez as vice-president and died soon after, on November 25, 1941. Aguirre Cerda's two natural successors were Juan Antonio Ríos and Gabriel González Videla, both members of his Radical Party, while the right-wing coalition was united by a common candidate, former President Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, who had the support of the Conservative party, Liberal Party, National Socialist Party, Popular Socialist Vanguard and the majority of the independents.

Pedro Aguirre Cerda Chilean politician and President

Pedro Aguirre Cerda was a Chilean political figure. A member of the Radical Party, he was chosen as the Popular Front's candidate for the 1938 presidential election, and was triumphally elected. He governed Chile until his death in 1941. Pedro Aguirre Cerda was of Basque descent.

Jerónimo Méndez Chilean politician, provisional president

Jerónimo Méndez Arancibia was a Chilean politician who served as provisional president.

Gabriel González Videla Chilean politician

Gabriel González Videla was a Chilean politician. He was a deputy and senator in the Chilean Congress and was President of Chile from 1946 to 1952. He also helped draft the current Chilean constitution.

Ríos started to campaign early but two days before the internal primaries of his party, Gabriel González Videla (the ambassador to Brazil) returned to Chile to dispute him the nomination. The results were too close to call, so a tribunal of honor (electoral commission) was constituted, and Juan Antonio Ríos was finally proclaimed the candidate of a left-wing coalition of parties, the Democratic Alliance, which was formed by the Radical Party, the Socialist Party, the Communist Party, the Democratic Party and the Workers' Socialist Party.

Socialist Party of Chile Chilean political party

The Socialist Party of Chile is a political party within the centre-left Nueva Mayoría. Its historic leader was President of Chile Salvador Allende, who was deposed in a coup d'état by General Pinochet in 1973. Twenty-seven years later, Ricardo Lagos Escobar represented the Socialist Party in the 1999 presidential elections. He won 48.0% in the first round of voting and was elected with 51.3% in the second round. In the legislative elections on 16 December 2001, as part of the Coalition of Parties for Democracy, the party won 10 out of 117 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 5 out of 38 elected seats in the Senate. After the 2005 elections, the Party increased its seats to 15 and 8, respectively. In the 2009 elections, it retained 11 Congressional and 5 Senate seats.

The Democratic Party of Chile was a Chilean political party created by a left-wing faction of the Democrat Party in 1932. It was created by a leftist faction of the Democrat Party, which opposed the right-wing group that officially supported the government of Arturo Alessandri.

The Workers' Socialist Party was a leftist political party in Chile that existed between 1940 and 1944.

Results

CandidatePartyVotes%
Juan Antonio Ríos Radical Party 260,03456.0
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Independent204,63544.0
Others1240.0
Invalid/blank votes4,161
Total466,507100
Registered voters/turnout581,48680.2
Source: Nohlen

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Radical Party of Chile Chilean political party

The Radical Party of Chile was a Chilean political party. It was formed in 1863 in Copiapó by a split in the Liberal Party. Not coincidentally, it was formed shortly after the organization of the Grand Lodge of Chile, and it has maintained a close relationship with Chilean Freemasonry throughout its life. As such, it represented the anticlericalist position in Chilean politics, and was instrumental in producing the "theological reforms" in Chilean law in the early 1880s. These laws removed the cemeteries from the control of the Roman Catholic Church, established a civil registry of births and death in place of the previous recordkeeping of the church, and established a civil law of matrimony, which removed the determination of validity of marriages from the church. Prior to these laws, it was impossible for non-Catholics to contract marriage in Chile, and meant that any children they produced were illegitimate. Non-Catholics had also been barred from burial in Catholic cemeteries, which were virtually the only cemeteries in the country; instead, non-Catholics were buried in the beaches, and even on the Santa Lucia Hill in Santiago, which, in the 19th century, functioned as Santiago's dump.

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The Democratic Alliance of Chile was a coalition of left-wing parties from 1942 to 1946, which succeeded to the Popular Front headed by Pedro Aguirre Cerda's government (1938-1941). It included the Radical Party, the Socialist Party, the Communist Party, the Democratic Party and the Workers' Socialist Party, and was also supported by the Confederación de Trabajadores de Chile (CTCH) trade-union. The coalition initial aim was to stand united before the 1942 presidential election, which were won by the Democratic Alliance's candidate, Juan Antonio Ríos, who formed a cabinet which was supported by the main parties of the Democratic Alliance. The coalition dissolved itself after the communists were outlawed by Gabriel Gonzalez Videla in 1947.

The Popular Front in Chile was an electoral and political left-wing coalition from 1937 to February 1941, during the Presidential Republic Era (1924–1973). It gathered together the Radical Party, the Socialist Party, the Communist Party, the Democratic Party and the Radical Socialist Party, as well as organizations such as the Confederación de Trabajadores de Chile (CTCH) trade-union, the Mapuche movement which unified itself in the Frente Único Araucano, and the feminist Movimiento Pro-Emancipación de las Mujeres de Chile (MEMCh).

The Radical Governments of Chile were in power during the Presidential Republic from 1938 to 1952.

Jaime Alfonso Quintana Chilean lawyer

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References

  1. Nohlen, D (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II, p262 ISBN   978-0-19-928358-3
  2. Nohlen, p259