Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), also known as farnesyl diphosphate (FDP), is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of terpenes and terpenoids such as sterols and carotenoids. It is also used in the synthesis of CoQ, as well as dehydrodolichol diphosphate.
(E)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP or HMB-PP) is an intermediate of the MEP pathway (non-mevalonate pathway) of isoprenoid biosynthesis. The enzyme HMB-PP synthase (GcpE, IspG) catalyzes the conversion of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP) into HMB-PP. HMB-PP is then converted further to isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) by HMB-PP reductase (LytB, IspH).
Squalene synthase (SQS) or farnesyl-diphosphate:farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyl transferase is an enzyme localized to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. SQS participates in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, catalyzing a two-step reaction in which two identical molecules of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) are converted into squalene, with the consumption of NADPH. Catalysis by SQS is the first committed step in sterol synthesis, since the squalene produced is converted exclusively into various sterols, such as cholesterol, via a complex, multi-step pathway. SQS belongs to squalene/phytoene synthase family of proteins.
Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase, also known as Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase, is an isomerase that catalyzes the conversion of the relatively un-reactive isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) to the more-reactive electrophile dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). This isomerization is a key step in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids through the mevalonate pathway and the MEP pathway.
Chrysanthemic acid is an organic compound that is related to a variety of natural and synthetic insecticides. It is related to the pyrethrin I and II, as well as the pyrethroids. One of the four stereoisomers, (1R,3R)- or (+)-trans-chrysanthemic acid (pictured), is the acid part of the ester pyrethrin I, which occurs naturally in the seed cases of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium. Many synthetic pyrethroids, for example the allethrins, are esters of all four stereoisomers. Staudinger and Ružička named chrysanthemic acid in 1924.
In enzymology, bornyl diphosphate synthase (BPPS) (EC 5.5.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:
Vetispiradiene synthase is an enzyme from Egyptian henbane that catalyzes the following chemical reaction:
In enzymology, an adenylate dimethylallyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.27) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a dimethylallylcistransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a geranyltranstransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a lavandulyl diphosphate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a tryptophan dimethylallyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Phytoene synthase is a transferase enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. It catalyzes the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to phytoene. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Pyrethrin II is an organic compound that is a potent insecticide. It is one of the two pyrethrins, the other being pyrethrin I. Thousands of tons this mixture are produced annually from chrysanthemum plants, which are cultivated in warm climates.
TRNA dimethylallyltransferase is an enzyme with systematic name dimethylallyl-diphosphate: tRNA dimethylallyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
(2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase is an enzyme with systematic name dimethylallyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate cistransferase . This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
All-trans-phytoene synthase is an enzyme with systematic name geranylgeranyl-diphosphate:geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase . This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Fumigaclavine A dimethylallyltransferase is an enzyme with systematic name dimethylallyl-diphosphate:fumigaclavine A dimethylallyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
The squalene/phytoene synthase family represents proteins that catalyze the head-to-head condensation of C15 and C20 prenyl units (i.e. farnesyl diphosphate and genranylgeranyl diphosphate). This enzymatic step constitutes part of steroid and carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Squalene synthase EC (SQS) and Phytoene synthase EC (PSY) are two well-known examples of this protein family and share a number of functional similarities. These similarities are also reflected in their primary structure. In particular three well conserved regions are shared by SQS and PSY; they could be involved in substrate binding and/or the catalytic mechanism. SQS catalyzes the conversion of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into squalene. It is the first committed step in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. The reaction carried out by SQS is catalyzed in two separate steps: the first is a head-to-head condensation of the two molecules of FPP to form presqualene diphosphate; this intermediate is then rearranged in a NADP-dependent reduction, to form squalene:
