Cliff/Cannon | |
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Coordinates: 47°38′43.5″N117°25′32.3″W / 47.645417°N 117.425639°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Washington |
County | Spokane |
City | Spokane |
Population | |
• Total | 8,352 |
[1] | |
Time zone | UTC-8 (PST) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
ZIP Codes | 99204, 99203 |
Area code | 509 |
Cliff/Cannon is a neighborhood in Spokane, Washington. [2] It is located immediately south of Downtown, Spokane, and on the lower reaches of the broader South Hill. The neighborhood is home to a medical district with Sacred Heart and Deaconess both having their main hospital campuses along Cliff/Cannon's denser northern edge. To the south the neighborhood becomes more residential. City parks break up the residential zoning of the southern half of Cliff/Cannon. It is adjacent to the Cannon Hill area of the neighboring but separate Manito/Cannon Hill neighborhood. [3] The Marycliff-Cliff Park Historic District, a National Historic District listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located within the neighborhood. [4]
Cliff/Cannon is a neighborhood in Spokane located on the south side of the city. Cliff/Cannon is located directly between the central business district and the more suburban, residential South Hill.
There are multiple medical campuses in the northern portion of the neighborhood, from roughly Monroe Street on the west to Division Street to the east, and extending beyond out of the neighborhood into East Central. This large medical district with the campuses of both Sacred Heart and Deaconess hospitals borders the central business district of Spokane, which lies immediately to the north on the other side of Interstate 90. [3]
Lewis and Clark High School, which serves the neighborhood and broader South Hill area is located between the two hospital campuses, just south of I-90. [3]
The neighborhood is defined by the hillsides on which it is located. The northernmost portion of the neighborhood at Interstate 90 is in the relatively flat valley of the Spokane River. To the south at 16 Avenue, the neighborhood rises above the river to the level of the surrounding Columbia Plateau. On the west the boundary of the neighborhood is defined by the steep hillside dropping down to Latah Creek. Terrain generally increases in elevation as you move northwest to southeast through the neighborhood, with the steepest and most dramatic inclines found on the northern and western areas of Cliff/Cannon. [5]
The Spokane inhabited what is now Cliff/Cannon for hundreds of years before European settlers arrived. The Spokane used the basalt outcroppings in the area as vistas, looking out across the broad valley and plains that surround the area. [6]
The first European settler in what is now Cliff/Cannon was Reverend Henry Thomas Cowley. Cowley, with the help of some of the native Spokane, built a log cabin and school in what is now Cowley Park in the northeastern corner of the neighborhood. The school became a gathering place for the native population. [3]
Development of the neighborhood began to accelerate in 1883, when the western area known as Cannon's Addition was platted by Anthony McCue Cannon. Initial development of Cannon's Addition was focused on wealthy and powerful residents of the nascent city of Spokane. Large mansions were built along the base and crest of the basalt cliff which runs roughly parallel to the Spokane River in downtown. [3] One of the founders of Spokane, James N. Glover built a Tudor Revival mansion below the cliff at 8th and Washington in 1888. [7] Railroad magnate D.C. Glover built a Colonial Revival mansion nearby at 7th and Stevens in 1898. [8] Like many homes in the neighborhood, both were designed by architect Kirtland Cutter, who was a prolific architect in the early decades of Spokane. Both are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places, [7] [8] as is the wider Marycliff-Cliff Park Historic District. [9]
The school that would eventually become Lewis and Clark was first built at Fourth and Stevens in 1883, and then moved a block away in 1891. The school, originally known as Central High school, then known as South Central High School, to contrast with North Central High School north of the river, burned down in 1910. The school was rebuilt in 1911 in the Collegiate Gothic style and took on its present name of Lewis and Clark. [3] The new school's cornerstone was laid by former President Teddy Roosevelt on April 8, 1911. [10]
In 1904 the Cliff Park section of the neighborhood began to develop around the eponymous 4.5-acre (0.018 km2) park which surrounds a volcanic basalt outcropping that rises above the surrounding area. The first decade of the 1900s also saw development continue in Cannon's Addition to the west. An area along 9th Avenue in Cannon's Addition featuring large Tudor Revival, Queen Anne and neoclassical homes alongside more modest bungalow and Craftsman homes. The Ninth Avenue Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. [11] Between 1900 and 1910, 264 homes were built in the Cliff Park and Cannon's Addition areas that have remained intact (as of 2021). This explosion in growth was facilitated by the arrival of a streetcar line that made traversing the steep incline of the lower South Hill easier, and thus the neighborhood is an example of a streetcar suburb. [12] Prior to the streetcar, the first being the ill-fated line on the Monroe Street hill built in 1890 which snapped in the winter of 1894 and then the electric line that ran up Cannon Hill along Maple, Madison, Jefferson, and Adams, the neighborhood was overlooked for development in favor of flatter areas in downtown and Browne's Addition. [12] [13] Unlike previous waves of construction, the first decade of the 20th century saw the arrival of less wealthy and minority groups. [13] The neighborhood was one of few areas where African-American and Jewish residents could purchase a home. [12]
In 1931, students from Lewis and Clark High School, which is located in the northern and lower portion of the neighborhood, built a path known as the Tiger Trail, for the school's mascot, up the hill through what is now Edwidge Woldson Park. As of 2018, the path is still used to connect the lower portion of the neighborhood, and the city, with the upper areas. [14] The park was established as Pioneer Park in 1945 when the city purchased the Corbin House and adjacent properties and gardens. [3]
The Park Inn was established at Ninth and Grand in 1932. It has been in continuous operation at that location ever since, making it Spokane's oldest restaurant. [15]
From 1965 to 1971, Interstate 90 was built across the entire northern edge of the neighborhood, resulting in the demolition of many historic structures. [3]
In addition to Marycliff-Cliff Park and Ninth Avenue Historic Districts, Cliff/Cannon is home to 17 other properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places on their own merit.
As of 2017, the population of Cliff/Cannon was 8,352 in 4,619 households. 68.8% of those households are rented, compared with 45.3% for the city. 16.8% of Cliff/Cannon residents are 19 years or under, compared to 21.9% citywide. 12.3% are age 65 or above, compared to 14.5% citywide. 22.7% of people in Cliff/Cannon identify as people of color, compared to 15.1% citywide. The median household income in Cliff/Cannon is $33,045, compared to $44,768 for the whole city. [1]
90.8% of residents were born in the United States. Of foreign born residents, 16.4% came from the Philippines, 14% from Burma, 9.3% from Canada and 5.5% from Mexico. [1]
Cliff/Cannon is served by Spokane Public Schools and home to two schools, both public. Roosevelt Elementary is located on 14th Avenue and serves the entire neighborhood with the exception of one square block in the far southwest that is served by Wilson Elementary in the adjacent Manito/Cannon Hill neighborhood. Both schools feed into Sacajawea Middle School in the Comstock neighborhood before feeding into Lewis and Clark High School, which is located on 4th Avenue in Cliff/Cannon. [18] [19]
I-90 passes east–west as the northern boundary of Cliff/Cannon. [20]
U.S. 2 passes east–west as the northern boundary of Cliff/Cannon concurrent with I-90 to Division Street. [20]
U.S. 395 passes east–west as the northern boundary of Cliff/Cannon concurrent with I-90 to Division Street. [20]
Interstate 90 defines the northern border of the neighborhood, and has exits at Maple Street, Lincoln Street and Division Street. On ramps are located at Maple Street, Monroe Street and Division Street. U.S. Route 2 runs along a concurrency with I-90 through Cliff/Cannon. [21] The area is somewhat notable for its small concentration of red brick streets. Some of the oldest streets in the city are in the Cliff/Cannon neighborhood on Spokane's lower South Hill, where there are multiple blocks of extant brick roads that were laid in the early 20th century. [22] The exposed brick sections of Madison Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenue and Eighth and Ninth Avenue were laid down on August 6, 1908. [22] Most of the areas that once had brick streets have been covered by a layer of cheaper-to-maintain asphalt by city maintenance crews over the years and can only be seen when potholes form and expose them.
A pedestrian stairway, known as the Tiger Trail after Lewis and Clark High School's mascot, traverses the cliff through Edwidge Woldson Park from Cliff Drive to Seventh Avenue, three blocks due south of the high school. The trail was constructed in 1931 and is still used to this day by Lewis and Clark students traveling to and from school, as well as the general public. [14]
Cliff/Cannon, like the rest of the Spokane metropolitan area, has public transit provided by the Spokane Transit Authority. The STA serves Cliff/Cannon with four fixed-route bus lines. [23]
Route | Termini | Service operation and notes | Streets traveled | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 Moran Prairie | Downtown Spokane STA Plaza | ↔ | Glenrose Moran Station Park & Ride | Frequent route | Sprague, Washington/Stevens, 8th/9th, Grand |
12 Southside Medical Shuttle | Downtown Spokane STA Plaza | ↔ | University District Gateway Bridge | Shuttle route | Wall, 6th, Bernard, 5th, Division, 7th, McClellan, 8th, Rockwood, Cowley |
14 South Adams | Downtown Spokane STA Plaza | ↔ | Cliff/Cannon | Regular route | Wall, 5th, Adams, 10th, Madison, 14th, Cedar, 8th |
43 Lincoln/37th | Downtown Spokane STA Plaza | ↔ | Lincoln Heights South Hill Park & Ride | Regular route | Maple/Walnut, 14th, Lincoln |
Hillyard is a neighborhood in Spokane, Washington which existed as a separate town between 1892 and 1924.
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Logan is a neighborhood in Spokane, Washington. It is located immediately northeast of Downtown Spokane and is home to Gonzaga University. The Spokane River runs along its eastern and southern edge. Due to its proximity to the city center, Logan is home to some of the oldest and densest areas in the city. It is known for its tree-lined streets, historic buildings and population of college students. In addition to numerous individual properties, there are two historic districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places located within Logan: the Desmet Avenue Warehouse Historic District and the Mission Avenue Historic District.
East Central is a neighborhood in Spokane, Washington. As the name suggests, it is on the east side of Spokane and centrally located. The official neighborhood is expansive and covers multiple areas considered by locals to be independent neighborhoods, such as the Sprague Union District on East Sprague Avenue, the South Perry District, the Underhill Park area and the University District on the eastern fringe of Downtown Spokane.
Browne's Addition, often referred to shorthand as just Browne's, is a neighborhood in Spokane, Washington. It is located directly west of Downtown Spokane and is one of the oldest and densest neighborhoods in the city. The area is known for its numerous historic mansions, many of which have been converted into multi-family apartments. The terrain is flat in the neighborhood despite the degree of topographical relief in the immediate surrounding area. Latah Creek cuts a deep valley to the west, separating Browne's Addition from the Sunset Hill portion of the West Hills neighborhood and the Spokane River gorge drops off dramatically to the north into the Peaceful Valley neighborhood. The South Hill area of Spokane rises to the southwest.
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Manito/Cannon Hill is a neighborhood on the South Hill of Spokane, Washington. It is named after the two public parks that dominate its setting: Manito Park and Cannon Hill Park. Manito/Cannon Hill is a predominantly residential neighborhood made up mostly by single-family homes and city park land.
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Audubon/Downriver is a neighborhood in Spokane, Washington, located on the northwest side of the city. There is a diversity of land use in the neighborhood, with single-family residential areas dating from the early 20th century through the Post–World War II economic expansion era, regionally important commercial districts, smaller neighborhood retail areas, numerous schools, large parks, a golf course, conservation areas and part of Riverside State Park along the Spokane River. The neighborhood is the site of the corporate offices for Rosauers Supermarkets, a regional grocery store chain with stores located across the Northwestern United States.
Nevada Heights is a neighborhood in Spokane, Washington, located on the north side of the city. Its southern border is atop a bluff that runs east–west across the north side of the city, which gives the neighborhood its name. Nevada Street, a major north–south arterial, runs through the neighborhood. The neighborhood is largely residential, but also home to large retail districts, medical facilities, schools and parks. Being surrounded by the city of Spokane on all sides, the neighborhood is well integrated into urban area.
Shiloh Hills is a neighborhood in Spokane, Washington, located on the far northeastern side of the city. It is one of the newer areas of the city, initially annexed in the late 1960s with growth continuing into the 21st century. The neighborhood is home to residential, commercial and industrial districts as well as multiple regionally important transportation corridors such as the Division Street "Y".
The Glover Mansion is a historic Tudor revival home built in 1888 and located in the Cliff/Cannon neighborhood of Spokane, Washington, just uphill from and overlooking the city's downtown. The home was designed by architect Kirtland Cutter for James N. Glover, who founded the city of Spokane in 1873. Over the years the Glover Mansion has served as a residence, housed Spokane's Unitarian Universalist Church, and more recently been used as an event venue.
The Marycliff-Cliff Park Historic District is a historic residential area in the Cliff/Cannon neighborhood of Spokane, Washington, located immediately uphill from the city's downtown core, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The district is made up of two distinct but connected areas, the Marycliff section located at the base of a basalt cliff and south of Seventh Avenue, and the Cliff Park section located atop the cliff and north of 14th Avenue. Encroachment from the nearby city center has changed the nature of the Marycliff section over the decades. Of the palatial homes built in the late 1800s in the area, all have either been converted to commercial or public use or razed to make way for new development, though there are still a number of properties that are intact and reflect the historic nature of the area. The Cliff Park section retains its original residential character and historic nature, with only 11 properties listed as intrusive among the 118 properties in the area.
The Ninth Avenue Historic District is a National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) listed historic district located along and around Ninth Avenue in the Cliff/Cannon neighborhood of Spokane, Washington. It stretches from Monroe Street on the east to Chestnut Street on the west, running the length of Ninth Avenue and extending to include portions of Eighth, 10th and 11th Avenues, mostly in the western half of the district.